大干道
外观
此条目可参照英语维基百科相应条目来扩充。 (2020年9月3日) |
大干道(印地语:ग्रैंड ट्रंक रोड;英语:Grand Trunk Road)连接了中亚地区和印度次大陆,是亚洲最古老的主要干道之一[1]。它全长3670千米[2],从孟加拉国的科克斯巴扎尔到阿富汗的喀布尔[3][4],经过了吉大港、达卡、加尔各答、德里和拉合尔[5][6]。孔雀王朝的旃陀罗笈多于前3世纪修筑了纵贯古代北印度(Uttarapatha)的高速公路[7][8],其后继者阿育王也对该道路进行了修筑。这条道路在英国殖民的1833至1860年被大规模翻修[9]。
几个世纪以来,这条公路一直是该地区的主要贸易路线之一,为旅行和邮政通讯提供了便利。大主干道仍在当今的印度次大陆上用于运输,该地区的部分道路已经拓宽并纳入了国家高速公路系统[10]。
图集
[编辑]-
大干道周围树立的阿育王柱
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印度巴尔希附近的大干道
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巴基斯坦拉合尔附近的大干道
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巴基斯坦杰赫勒姆河附近的
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从巴基斯坦Margalla山到Kala Chitta岭的大干道
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从巴基斯坦Margalla山到Kala Chitta岭的大干道旁新修的公路
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阿富汗Kabul–Jalalabad公路处的大干道
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阿富汗Kabul–Jalalabad公路处的山口
参考资料
[编辑]- ^ UNESCO, Caravanserais along the Grand Trunk Road in Pakistan (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- ^ GlobalSecurity.org: Grand Trunk Road. [2020-09-02]. (原始内容存档于2019-12-10).
- ^ Steel, Tim. A road to empires. Dhaka Tribune. 1 January 2015 [2016-07-19]. (原始内容存档于2016-02-11).
- ^ Jhimli Mukherjee Pandey. Cuisine along G T Road. The Times of India (Calcutta). 15 September 2015 [2016-07-19]. (原始内容存档于2017-01-05).
- ^ Khanna, Parag. How to Redraw the World Map. The New York Times. [2016-07-19]. ISSN 0362-4331. (原始内容存档于2016-08-19).
- ^ Centre, UNESCO World Heritage. Sites along the Uttarapath, Badshahi Sadak, Sadak-e-Azam, Grand Trunk Road. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. [2018-12-26]. (原始内容存档于2018-12-26) (英语).
- ^ Vadime Elisseeff, p. 159-162, The Silk Roads: Highways of Culture and Commerce (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- ^ Farooqui Salma Ahmed, p. 234, A Comprehensive History of Medieval India: From Twelfth to the Mid-Eighteenth Century (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- ^ David Arnold (historian); Science, technology, and medicine in colonial India (New Cambr hist India v.III.5) Cambridge University Press, 2000, 234 pages p. 106 (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- ^ Singh, Raghubir. The Grand Trunk Road: A Passage Through India First. Aperture Books. 1995.
外部链接
[编辑]- Farooque, Abdul Khair Muhammad (1977), Roads and Communications in Mughal India. Delhi: Idarah-i Adabiyat-i Delli.
- Weller, Anthony (1997), Days and Nights on the Grand Trunk Road: Calcutta to Khyber. Marlowe & Company.
- Kipling, Rudyard (1901), Kim. Considered one of Kipling's finest works, it is set mostly along the Grand Trunk Road. Free e-texts are available, for instance here(页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆).
- Usha Masson Luther; Moonis Raza. Historical routes of north west Indian Subcontinent, Lahore to Delhi, 1550s–1850s A.D. Sagar Publications. 1990.
- Arden, Harvey. Along the Grand Trunk Road. National Geographic. May 1990, 177 (5): 118–38.
- Mozammel, Md Muktadir Arif. Grand Trunk Road. Islam, Sirajul; Jamal, Ahmed A. (编). Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh Second. Asiatic Society of Bangladesh. 2012 [2020-09-02]. (原始内容存档于2019-05-22).
- Tayler, Jeffrey. India's Grand Trunk Road. The Atlantic Monthly. November 1999, 284 (5): 42–48 [2020-09-02]. (原始内容存档于2020-09-07).
- National Highway Authority of India
- National Highway Authority of Pakistan(页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- NPR: Along the Grand Trunk Road(页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)