大袋熊属

大袋熊属; 化石时期：上新世 - 晚更新世 PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N
	化石
	种
科学分类
界：	动物界 Animalia
门：	脊索动物门 Chordata
纲：	哺乳纲 Mammalia
演化支：	有袋类 Marsupialia
目：	双门齿目 Diprotodontia
科：	袋熊科 Vombatidae
属：	†大袋熊属 Phascolonus; Owen, 1872
Species
	P. gigas (Owen, 1859);
异名
	Phascolomys magnus;

大袋熊属（学名：Phascolonus）是生存于上新世^[1]至更新世时期澳洲的大型袋熊，于1859年由理察·欧文发表命名。本属目前仅包含一种，即Phascolonus gigas，为目前已知体型最大的袋熊，体重可达200千克（440磅）^[2]至360千克（790磅）^[3]。大袋熊属与其他袋熊物种差异最大的特征在于其长板状的上门牙以及有明显向内凹陷的颅盖^[3]。它们广泛分布于澳洲除西澳大利亚外的其他地区，偏好干燥或半干燥的内陆地区，以大量低营养价值的植物组织为食。虽然分布广泛，但推测大袋熊的生活环境仍然会选择于淡水水源附近为主^[4]。大量的大袋熊化石遗骸发现于南澳大利亚的卡拉伯纳湖（英语：Lake Callabonna）更新世年代的沉积物中^[3]。和现存袋熊不同的是，大袋熊可能不具有挖掘地穴的能力^[5]。大袋熊属约于50,000至40,000年前更新世晚期的第四纪灭绝事件与其他澳洲巨型动物群一同走向灭绝，推测是由于人类的到来^[4]^[6]。支序分类学分析显示，大袋熊属与其他大型袋熊如拉氏袋熊属及Sedophascolomys（英语：Sedophascolomys）为近亲^[3]。

参考文献[编辑]

^ Louys, Julien. Wombats (Vombatidae: Marsupialia) from the Pliocene Chinchilla Sand, southeast Queensland, Australia. Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology. 2015-07-03, 39 (3): 394–406 [2023-11-09]. ISSN 0311-5518. doi:10.1080/03115518.2015.1014737. （原始内容存档于2023-11-15）（英语）.
^ Long, John A.; Archer, Michael; Flannery, Tim & Hand, Suzanne. Prehistoric Mammals of Australia and New Guinea: One Hundred Million Years of Evolution. University of New South Wales Press. 2002: 161–162. ISBN 978-0-8018-7223-5. OCLC 49860159.
^ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 Louys, Julien; Duval, Mathieu; Beck, Robin M. D.; Pease, Eleanor; Sobbe, Ian; Sands, Noel; Price, Gilbert J. Hautier, Lionel , 编. Cranial remains of Ramsayia magna from the Late Pleistocene of Australia and the evolution of gigantism in wombats (Marsupialia, Vombatidae). Papers in Palaeontology. November 2022, 8 (6) [2023-11-09]. ISSN 2056-2799. doi:10.1002/spp2.1475. hdl:10072/420259 . （原始内容存档于2023-04-01）（英语）.
^ ^4.0 ^4.1 Dawson, Lyndall. An ecophysiological approach to the extinction of large marsupial herbivores in middle and late Pleistocene Australia. Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology. January 2006, 30 (sup1): 89–114 [2023-11-09]. ISSN 0311-5518. doi:10.1080/03115510609506857. （原始内容存档于2023-04-02）（英语）.
^ Woolnough, Andrew P.; Steele, Vernon R. The palaeoecology of the Vombatidae: did giant wombats burrow?. Mammal Review. March 2001, 31 (1): 33–45. ISSN 0305-1838. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2907.2001.00077.x （英语）.
^ Hocknull, Scott A.; Lewis, Richard; Arnold, Lee J.; Pietsch, Tim; Joannes-Boyau, Renaud; Price, Gilbert J.; Moss, Patrick; Wood, Rachel; Dosseto, Anthony; Louys, Julien; Olley, Jon; Lawrence, Rochelle A. Extinction of eastern Sahul megafauna coincides with sustained environmental deterioration. Nature Communications. 2020-05-18, 11 (1): 2250. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 7231803 . PMID 32418985. doi:10.1038/s41467-020-15785-w （英语）.

Owen, Richard. Odontology. The Encyclopedia Britannica, or Dictionary of Arts, Sciences and General Literature 16 Eighth. 1858: 447, 450, figure 80.
Stirling, Edward Charles & Zietz, Amandus Heinrich Christian. Preliminary notes on Phascolonus gigas, Owen [Phascolomys (Phascolonus) gigas, Owen] and its identity with Sceparnodon ramsayi Owen.. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia. 1899, 23: 123–135 [2023-11-09]. （原始内容存档于2023-04-04） –通过BHL.
Phascolonus gigas. The Recently Extinct Plants and Animals Database. [2022-09-14]. （原始内容存档于2023-09-21）.
It’s a wombat, but not like you know it…. South Australian Museum. 2022-05-13 [2022-09-14]. （原始内容存档于2023-11-12）.

[1] Louys, Julien. Wombats (Vombatidae: Marsupialia) from the Pliocene Chinchilla Sand, southeast Queensland, Australia. Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology. 2015-07-03, 39 (3): 394–406 [2023-11-09]. ISSN 0311-5518. doi:10.1080/03115518.2015.1014737. （原始内容存档于2023-11-15）（英语）.

[Archer_20022-2] Long, John A.; Archer, Michael; Flannery, Tim & Hand, Suzanne. Prehistoric Mammals of Australia and New Guinea: One Hundred Million Years of Evolution. University of New South Wales Press. 2002: 161–162. ISBN 978-0-8018-7223-5. OCLC 49860159.

[:0-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 Louys, Julien; Duval, Mathieu; Beck, Robin M. D.; Pease, Eleanor; Sobbe, Ian; Sands, Noel; Price, Gilbert J. Hautier, Lionel , 编. Cranial remains of Ramsayia magna from the Late Pleistocene of Australia and the evolution of gigantism in wombats (Marsupialia, Vombatidae). Papers in Palaeontology. November 2022, 8 (6) [2023-11-09]. ISSN 2056-2799. doi:10.1002/spp2.1475. hdl:10072/420259 . （原始内容存档于2023-04-01）（英语）.

[:1-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Dawson, Lyndall. An ecophysiological approach to the extinction of large marsupial herbivores in middle and late Pleistocene Australia. Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology. January 2006, 30 (sup1): 89–114 [2023-11-09]. ISSN 0311-5518. doi:10.1080/03115510609506857. （原始内容存档于2023-04-02）（英语）.

[5] Woolnough, Andrew P.; Steele, Vernon R. The palaeoecology of the Vombatidae: did giant wombats burrow?. Mammal Review. March 2001, 31 (1): 33–45. ISSN 0305-1838. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2907.2001.00077.x （英语）.

[6] Hocknull, Scott A.; Lewis, Richard; Arnold, Lee J.; Pietsch, Tim; Joannes-Boyau, Renaud; Price, Gilbert J.; Moss, Patrick; Wood, Rachel; Dosseto, Anthony; Louys, Julien; Olley, Jon; Lawrence, Rochelle A. Extinction of eastern Sahul megafauna coincides with sustained environmental deterioration. Nature Communications. 2020-05-18, 11 (1): 2250. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 7231803 . PMID 32418985. doi:10.1038/s41467-020-15785-w （英语）.

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