毒蝰

毒蝰
保护状况
	; 无危（IUCN 3.1）
科学分类
界：	动物界 Animalia
门：	脊索动物门 Chordata
纲：	爬行纲 Reptilia
目：	有鳞目 Squamata
亚目：	蛇亚目 Serpentes
科：	蝰科 Viperidae
属：	蝰属 Vipera
种：	毒蝰 V. aspis
二名法
	Vipera aspis; (Linnaeus, 1758)
异名
	[Coluber] aspis Linnaeus, 1758; Vipera Francisci Redi ; Laurenti, 1768; Vipera Mosis Charas Laurenti, 1768; Vipera vulgaris ; Latreille in Sonnini & Latreille, 1801; Vipera ocellata ; Latreille in Sonnini & Latreille, 1801; Coluber Charasii — Shaw, 1802; [Vipera (Echidna)] Aspis ; — Merrem, 1820; C[hersea]. vulgaris — Fleming, 1822; Vipera aspis — Metaxa, 1823; Aspis ocellata — Fitzinger, 1826; [Pelias] Col[uber]. aspis ; — F. Boie, 1827; Berus Vulgaris — Gray, 1831; Vipera aspis var. ocellata ; — Bonaparte, 1834; Vipera aspis var. ocellata ; — Massalongo, 1853; V[ipera]. (Vipera) aspis ; — Jan, 1863; Vipera berus subspec. aspis ; — Camerano, 1888; Vipera aspis — Boulenger, 1896; Vipera aspis var. lineata ; Düringen, 1897; [Vipera aspis] var. Delalande Phisalix, 1902; Vipera aspis aspis ; — Mertens, 1925; Mesovipera aspis ; — A.F.T. Reuss, 1927; Mesovipera maculata ; A.F.T. Reuss, 1930 (nomen nudum); Mesovipera maculata aspis ; — A.F.T. Reuss, 1930 (nomen nudum); Vipera ammodytes aspis ; — Schwarz, 1936; Vipera aspis delalande ; — M. Phisalix, 1968; Vipera (Rhinaspis) aspis aspis ; — Obst, 1983; Vipera aspis — Golay et al., 1993;

毒蝰（学名：Vipera aspis）是蝰属的一种毒蛇^[4]。其毒性很强，人类被咬后死亡率达4%^[5]。其种加词来自希腊语，意思就是“毒蛇”^[6]。它有五个亚种。^[7]

分类[编辑]

其体长一般在60—65厘米（24—26英寸）之间，雄蛇最长可达85 cm（33英寸），雌性则为75 cm（30英寸），但雄性身体要比雌性细一些.。^[4]

^ The Reptile Database. www.reptile-database.org.
^ Boulenger, G.A. 1896. Catalogue of the Snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). Volume III., Containing the...Viperidæ. Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History). (Taylor and Francis, Printers.) London. xiv + 727 pp. + Plates I.- XXV. (Vipera aspis, pp. 481-485.)
^ McDiarmid RW, Campbell JA, Touré T. 1999. Snake Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, Volume 1. Herpetologists' League. 511 pp. ISBN 1-893777-00-6 (series). ISBN 1-893777-01-4 (volume).
^ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 Mallow D, Ludwig D, Nilson G. 2003. True Vipers: Natural History and Toxinology of Old World Vipers. Krieger Publishing Company, Malabar, Florida. 359 pp. ISBN 0-89464-877-2.
^ Street D. 1979. The Reptiles of Northern and Central Europe. London: B.T. Batsford Ltd. 268 pp. ISBN 0-7134-1374-3.
^ Gotch AF. 1986. Reptiles – Their Latin Names Explained. Poole, UK: Blandford Press. 176 pp. ISBN 0-7137-1704-1.
^ ^7.0 ^7.1 ^7.2 Vipera aspis. ITIS. [2006-08-13].