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灰带蓝曲霉

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灰带蓝曲霉
科学分类 编辑
界: 真菌界 Fungi
门: 子囊菌门 Ascomycota
纲: 散囊菌纲 Eurotiomycetes
目: 散囊菌目 Eurotiales
科: 曲菌科 Aspergillaceae
属: 曲霉属 Aspergillus
种:
灰带蓝曲霉 A. glaucus
二名法
Aspergillus glaucus
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灰带蓝曲霉(学名Aspergillus glaucus)为发菌科麹菌属下的一个种。为一种丝状真菌,由于其在极端环境下的生理耐受度高,因此具有广泛的环境分布。[1][2]像许多其他麹菌属Aspergillus)的真菌一样,它可以是轻度致病的,但在医学和食品生产中具有许多潜在应用。[3][4]

形态学

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灰带蓝曲霉是丝状和壁薄的,与同属的其他物种有许多共同特征。其分生孢子头(conidial heads)为辐射状,一般大小约在 5 至 6.5 μm 之间。产生分生孢子之细胞(conidiogenous)形状为圆柱形,分生孢子(conidium)为圆形或椭圆形。[5][6]分生孢子梗(conidiophores)通常长 200 至 350 μm ,其壁平滑,在无色至淡褐色之间。菌丝(hyphae)是有分隔且透明的。[7]瓶梗(phialides)覆盖囊泡(vesicles)的上部,为球状至亚球状,单列,直径在 15 至 30 μm 之间。子囊(asci)包含八个孢子,通常为不规则,而子囊壳(perithecia)通常是黄色的。其霉菌外观常可见黄色或绿色斑块。[5]

习性与生长环境

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由于其生理上的特征,灰带蓝曲霉是一种非常强壮的嗜旱真菌(xerophilic fungus),可于各种不同的环境中存活。此种能够在低湿度环境中生长,也能够在干燥地区生长。其可生长温度范围为 4°C至 37°C,因此在冬季它也能生长良好,亦是少数可发现于北极地区的真菌之一。然而,生长的最佳温度范围在 24°C和 25°C之间,这个温度范围被认为是最适合生长的,大约会在一到三周内达到成熟。它也是该属中耐渗透性最强种类之一,能够在 60% 的蔗糖浓度下发育,也能够生长在非常甜的糖浆和食品中。[8]

病理

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有些菌株可能产生霉菌毒素(mycotoxins),有实例显示它会导致致命的脑部感染。[9]虽然如此,它并不被认为是非常致病的,因为它的生长温度超过 35°C就会被限制。此外,即使作为病原体,也不被认为是高危险的,因为它对抗真菌治疗非常敏感。[10]另外,除了引起肺炎(pneumonitis)和各种形式的皮肤炎(dermatitis)之外,它也是已知的过敏原和刺激物。[11][12]

应用

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应用于日本料理中的熏发酵鱼片(鲣节)。在制备的最后阶段,将其培养物喷洒到鱼上,使之发酵。但由于其会产生β-硝基丙酸(beta-nitropropionic acid)毒素,因此一直存在健康问题。[13] 另一种可能的应用是作为抗癌剂的用途,[14][15]其真菌毒素 aspergiolide A 具有作为抗癌剂的潜力。最后,由于其北极栖息地和低基本生长温度范围,灰带蓝曲霉为能够在低温下发挥功能之酶的潜在来源,尽管该领域的研究还相对较新。[16]

参考文献

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  1. ^ Cai, M; Zhou, X; Lu, J; Fan, W; Zhou, J; Niu, C; Kang, L; Sun, X; Zhang, Y (Dec 2012). "An integrated control strategy for the fermentation of the marine-derived fungus Aspergillus glaucus for the production of anti-cancer polyketide". Marine biotechnology (New York, N.Y.). 14 (6): 665–71. doi:10.1007/s10126-012-9435-6. PMID 22286337.
  2. ^ Hubka, V; Kolarík, M; Kubátová, A; Peterson, SW (Jul–Aug 2013). "Taxonomic revision of Eurotium and transfer of species to Aspergillus". Mycologia. 105 (4): 912–37. doi:10.3852/12-151. PMID 23396159.
  3. ^ Mikiharu Doi (2013). Toko, Kiyoshi, ed. Biochemical sensors: mimicking gustatory and olfactory senses, Chapter 8: Investigation into the Kokumi Taste of Soup Stock Materials. Singapore: Pan Stanford. p. 123. ISBN 9789814267076.
  4. ^ Safety, University of Minnesota, Department of Environmental Health &. "Aspergillus glaucus". www.dehs.umn.edu. Retrieved 2016-10-15.
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 Thom, C., & Raper, K. B. (1941). The Aspergillus glaucus group (Vol. 424). US Dept. of Agriculture.
  6. ^ [null Mould Allergy], Yousef Al-Doory and Joanne F. Domson, Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia, 1984. 287 p.
  7. ^ "Aspergillus glaucus". www.mold.ph. Retrieved 2016-10-15.
  8. ^ Panasenko, Vasil T. (1967). "Ecology of microfungi". The Botanical Review. 33 (3): 189–215. doi:10.1007/BF02858637. ISSN 0006-8101.
  9. ^ Traboulsi, RS; Kattar, MM; Dbouni, O; Araj, GF; Kanj, SS (Oct 2007). "Fatal brain infection caused by Aspergillus glaucus in an immunocompetent patient identified by sequencing of the ribosomal 18S-28S internal transcribed spacer". European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases. 26 (10): 747–50. doi:10.1007/s10096-007-0361-x. PMID 17665232.
  10. ^ Araujo, Ricardo; Pina-Vaz, Cidalia; Rodrigues, Acacio Gonçalves (2007-01-01). "Susceptibility of environmental versus clinical strains of pathogenic Aspergillus". International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents. 29 (1): 108–111. doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2006.09.019. ISSN 0924-8579. PMID 17189101.
  11. ^ M.D, Kazuko Yoshida; M.D, Masayuki Ando; M.D, Kiyotaka Ito; M.D, Tetsunori Sakata; M.D, Kazuko Arima; M.D, Shukuro Araki; M.D, Katsuhisa Uchida (1990-08-01). "Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis of a Mushroom Worker due to Aspergillus glaucus". Archives of Environmental Health: An International Journal. 45 (4): 245–247. doi:10.1080/00039896.1990.9940809. ISSN 0003-9896.
  12. ^ "Chemical Sampling Information | Aspergillus glaucus". www.osha.gov. Retrieved 2016-10-15.
  13. ^ Frisvad, Jens C.; Thrane, Ulf; Samson, Robert A.; Pitt, John I. (2006-08-29). "Important Mycotoxins and the Fungi which Produce Them". In Ailsa Diane Hocking. Advances in Food Mycology. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. 571. New York: Springer Science+Business Media, Inc. p. 7. ISBN 9780387283913.
  14. ^ Cai, Menghao; Zhang, Ying; Hu, Wei; Shen, Wei; Yu, Zhenzhong; Zhou, Weiqiang; Jiang, Tao; Zhou, Xiangshan; Zhang, Yuanxing (2014-05-20). "Genetically shaping morphology of the filamentous fungus Aspergillus glaucus for production of antitumor polyketide aspergiolide A". Microbial Cell Factories. 13: 73. doi:10.1186/1475-2859-13-73. ISSN 1475-2859. PMC 4039328 Freely accessible. PMID 24886193.
  15. ^ Sun, Xueqian; Zhou, Xiangshan; Cai, Menghao; Tao, Kejing; Zhang, Yuanxing (2009-09-01). "Identified biosynthetic pathway of aspergiolide A and a novel strategy to increase its production in a marine-derived fungus Aspergillus glaucus by feeding of biosynthetic precursors and inhibitors simultaneously". Bioresource Technology. 100 (18): 4244–4251. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2009.03.061. ISSN 1873-2976. PMID 19386490.
  16. ^ Abrashev, Radoslav; Feller, Georges; Kostadinova, Nedelina; Krumova, Ekaterina; Alexieva, Zlatka; Gerginova, Maria; Spasova, Boryana; Miteva-Staleva, Jeni; Vassilev, Spassen (2016-05-01). "Production, purification, and characterization of a novel cold-active superoxide dismutase from the Antarctic strain Aspergillus glaucus 363". Fungal Biology. 120 (5): 679–689. doi:10.1016/j.funbio.2016.03.002.