黄地蜡

黄地蜡
黄地蜡
	来自美国加利福尼亚州新伊德里亚区的黄地蜡
基本资料
类别	有机矿物
化学式	C24H12
IMA记号	Cpa
施特龙茨分类	10.BA.30
晶体分类	棱柱体 (2/m) ; (H-M记号相同)
晶体空间群	P21/c, P21/n
晶胞	a = 1625 pm, b = 463.8 pm, c = 1042 pm; β = 111°10'; Z = 2
性质
分子量	300.36 g·mol−1
颜色	曝光时呈黄色、黄褐色
晶体惯态	针状至薄板状，叶片状、纤维状和放射状聚集体
晶系	单斜晶系
解理	[001]、[100]和[201]完全解理
断口	梯状断口
韧性/脆性	挠性，几乎塑料
莫氏硬度	1.5
光泽	玻璃到金刚光泽
条痕	黄白色
透明性	透明
比重	1.35
光学性质	双轴 (+/-)
折射率	nα = 1.760 - 1.780 nβ = 1.977 - 1.982 nγ = 2.050 - 2.150
双折射	δ = 0.290 - 0.370
2V夹角	96°- 115°(测量值)
发光性	电流蓝到蓝绿色萤光
熔点	432.8 °C
参考文献

黄地蜡（英语：Carpathite）是一种非常稀有的有机矿物，由极纯的蒄 (C₂₄H₁₂) 组成，它是一种多环芳香烃。^[8]^[9]

发现

该矿物于1955年首次在乌克兰外喀尔巴阡州发现。它以喀尔巴阡山脉命名。^[5]

结构

黄地蜡具有与纯蒄相同的晶体结构。分子是平面的并且位于大致垂直方向的两组中。同一组中的分子平行且部分偏移，平面相距0.3463nm。这略大于石墨层的层间距离（0.335nm），远大于分子内的C-C键长（约0.14nm）。这种“波纹层”结构对插层具有很强的抵抗力，这显然解释了矿物的纯度。^[3]

产生

在乌克兰发现的位置，它在闪长岩侵入空腔内硬泥岩的接触带产生，并与绿地蜡（英语：idrialite）、无定形有机材料、方解石、重晶石、石英、朱砂和黑辰砂伴生。^[7]在斯洛伐克共和国的普雷绍夫州^[5]和俄罗斯的堪察加州也有报导。^[5]

在加利福尼亚的位置，它出现在厘米大小的矿脉中，与石英和朱砂相关（并在一定程度上同时存在），位于矽化基质中。晶体最大为10×1×1 mm。^[2]碳同位素比值和沉积物形态表明，蒄是由海洋沉积物中的有机质产生，经过热分解、热液输送和化学反应提纯，侵入其他矿物之后在250℃以下沉积。^[3]

参见

北海道石

参考资料

^ Warr, L.N. IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine. 2021, 85 (3): 291–320. Bibcode:2021MinM...85..291W. S2CID 235729616. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 .
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Joseph Murdoch and Theodore A. Geissman (1967): "Pendletonite, a new hydrocarbon mineral from California". American Mineralogist, volume 52, issues 5-6, pages 611–616. Quote: "Mr. Forrest Cureton, who sent in the specimens, has asked that the mineral, if it turned out to be new, be named after Mr. Norman H. Pendleton, of Santa Cruz, California, who was apparently the first to suspect that the crystals were not valentinite"
^ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Takuya Echigo, Mitsuyoshi Kimata, and Teruyuki Maruoka (2007): "Crystal-chemical and carbon-isotopic characteristics of karpatite (C₂₄H₁₂) from the Picacho Peak Area, San Benito County, California: Evidences for the hydrothermal formation". American Mineralogist, volume 92, issues 8-9, pages 1262–1269. doi:10.2138/am.2007.2509
^ Mineralienatlas. [2022-10-06]. （原始内容存档于2021-07-18）.
^ ^5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 ^5.3 Mindat with location data. [2022-10-06]. （原始内容存档于2017-09-08）.
^ Webmineral data. [2022-10-06]. （原始内容存档于2022-11-27）.
^ ^7.0 ^7.1 Handbook of Mineralogy (PDF). [2022-10-06]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2010-07-01）.
^ Max Blumer (1975): "Curtisite, idrialite and pendletonite, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon minerals: Their composition and origin" Chemical Geology, volume 16, issue 4, pages 245-256. doi:10.1016/0009-2541(75)90064-9
^ Stephen A. Wise, Robert M. Campbell, W. Raymond West, Milton L. Lee, Keith D. Bartle (1986): "Characterization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon minerals curtisite, idrialite and pendletonite using high-performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography, mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy". Chemical Geology, volume 54, issues 3–4, pages 339-357. doi:10.1016/0009-2541(86)90148-8

[1] Warr, L.N. IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine. 2021, 85 (3): 291–320. Bibcode:2021MinM...85..291W. S2CID 235729616. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 .

[murd1967-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Joseph Murdoch and Theodore A. Geissman (1967): "Pendletonite, a new hydrocarbon mineral from California". American Mineralogist, volume 52, issues 5-6, pages 611–616. Quote: "Mr. Forrest Cureton, who sent in the specimens, has asked that the mineral, if it turned out to be new, be named after Mr. Norman H. Pendleton, of Santa Cruz, California, who was apparently the first to suspect that the crystals were not valentinite"

[echi2007-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Takuya Echigo, Mitsuyoshi Kimata, and Teruyuki Maruoka (2007): "Crystal-chemical and carbon-isotopic characteristics of karpatite (C₂₄H₁₂) from the Picacho Peak Area, San Benito County, California: Evidences for the hydrothermal formation". American Mineralogist, volume 92, issues 8-9, pages 1262–1269. doi:10.2138/am.2007.2509

[minatlas-4] Mineralienatlas. [2022-10-06]. （原始内容存档于2021-07-18）.

[mindat-5] 5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 ^5.3 Mindat with location data. [2022-10-06]. （原始内容存档于2017-09-08）.

[webmin-6] Webmineral data. [2022-10-06]. （原始内容存档于2022-11-27）.

[HBM-7] 7.0 ^7.1 Handbook of Mineralogy (PDF). [2022-10-06]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2010-07-01）.

[blum1975-8] Max Blumer (1975): "Curtisite, idrialite and pendletonite, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon minerals: Their composition and origin" Chemical Geology, volume 16, issue 4, pages 245-256. doi:10.1016/0009-2541(75)90064-9

[wise1986-9] Stephen A. Wise, Robert M. Campbell, W. Raymond West, Milton L. Lee, Keith D. Bartle (1986): "Characterization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon minerals curtisite, idrialite and pendletonite using high-performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography, mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy". Chemical Geology, volume 54, issues 3–4, pages 339-357. doi:10.1016/0009-2541(86)90148-8

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