梭法螺屬

梭法螺屬; 化石時期：始新世 - 現在 PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N
	一隻在印尼阿洛島附近出現的梭法螺屬物種
科學分類
界：	動物界 Animalia
門：	軟體動物門 Mollusca
綱：	腹足綱 Gastropoda
目：	玉黍螺目 Littorinimorpha
科：	嵌線螺科 Cymatiidae
屬：	梭法螺屬 Cymatium; Röding, 1798
模式種
	Murex femorale; Linnaeus, 1758
異名
	Cymatium (Linatella) Gray, 1857; Linatella Gray, 1857; Lotorium Montfort, 1810; Luterium Herrmannsen, 1846 (emendation of Lotorium Montfort, 1810); Nyctilochus Gistel, 1848; Tritocurrus Lesson, 1842;

梭法螺屬（學名：Cymatium），又名象法螺屬^[2]或嵌線螺屬^[3]，是法螺科嵌線螺亞科之下的一個屬，包括從小型到大型的掠食性海螺，是一個海洋腹足綱軟體動物的分類單元^[1]。

本屬物種繁多，有差不多一百種，遍佈世界各地。因此有貝殼學家將本屬物種再細分為十個亞屬，也有建議將部分亞屬提升至屬級，但這些建議到現在都未有公論。

化石紀錄

本屬的化石紀錄已知從始新世到第四紀（距今：從5580到1.2萬年前）^[4]。

形態描述

這些海螺雌雄異體，會產下卵筴^[5]。孵化後，幼蟲有一個浮游生物階段，可以（在某些物種中）持續數月; 這是在某些物種中看到的廣泛分佈，因為在沉降到海底之前可以將浮游幼蟲攜帶很遠的距離。

分類

亞屬

目前本屬有至少十個亞屬^[6]，部分亞屬有學者建議提升至屬級。不管如何，這些亞屬或屬都詳列如下：

Cymatium Röding, 1798, type species: Cymatium femorale
毛螺亞屬 Monoplex G. Perry, 1811, type species: Cymatium parthenopeum
Gelagna Schaufuss, 1869, type species: Cymatium succinctum
Ranularia Schumacher, 1817, type species: Cymatium gutturnium
Gutturnium Mørch, 1852, type species: Cymatium muricinum
Reticutriton Habe and Kosuge, 1966：模式屬：Cymatium pfeifferianum
Linatella Gray, 1868, 模式種為：Cymatium cutaceum
象鼻法螺 Lotoria Emerson and Old, 1963, 模式種為：Cymatium perryi
籬螺亞屬 Septa（英語：Septa (gastropod)） Perry, 1810：模式種為Septa rubecula，被WoRMS提升至屬級。
Turritriton Dall, 1904, 模式種為：Cymatium gibbosum

物種

根據World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS)，本屬目前包括下列物種^[1]：

深溝象法螺 Cymatium caudatum (Gmelin, 1791)，為Ranularia caudata (Gmelin, 1791)的異名
多彩法螺 Cymatium comptum (A. Adams, 1855)，為Monoplex comptus (A.Adams, 1855)的異名
Cymatium costatum Pennant, 1777
Cymatium danianum Garvie, 2021
丹氏象法螺 Cymatium dunkeri Lischke, 1868，為Ranularia dunkeri (Lischke, 1868)的異名
鳥頭象法螺 Cymatium encausticum (Reeve, 1844)，為Ranularia encaustica (Reeve, 1844)的異名
Cymatium femorale (Linnaeus, 1758)
寶石法螺 Cymatium gemmatum (Reeve, 1844)
厚唇法螺 Cymatium labiosum (Wood, 1828)，為Turritriton labiosus (W.Wood, 1828)的異名
Cymatium oxygium Woodring, 1959
Cymatium pharicidum Dall, 1889
毛法螺 Cymatium pileare (Linnaeus, 1758)，為Monoplex pilearis (Linnaeus, 1758)的異名
Cymatium praefemorale (Maury, 1917)
Cymatium raderi D'Attilio & B.W.Myers, 1984
Cymatium ranzanii (Bianconi, 1850)
Cymatium remotum Frassinetti & Covacevich, 1995
中華象法螺 Cymatium sinense (Reeve, 1844)，為Ranularia sinensis (Reeve, 1844)的異名
玉口象法螺 Cymatium springsteeni Beu, 1987，為Ranularia springsteeni (Beu, 1987)的異名
瘦毛法螺 Cymatium tenuiliratum Lischke, 1873，為Turritriton tenuiliratus (Lischke, 1873)的異名
褐唇象法螺 Cymatium testudinarium A. Adams & Reeve, 1850，為Ranularia testudinaria (A.Adams & Reeve, 1850)的異名
印度洋法螺 Cymatium thersites (Reeve, 1844)，為Monoplex thersites (Reeve, 1844)的異名
Cymatium tigrinum (Broderip, 1833)

異名物種

Cymatium aegrotum (Reeve, 1844): synonym of Ranularia gallinago (Reeve, 1844)
Cymatium aquatile (Reeve, 1844) : synonym of Monoplex aquatilis (Reeve, 1844)
Cymatium cingulatum (Lamarck, 1822): synonym of Linatella caudata (Gmelin, 1791)
Cymatium clandestinum (Lamarck, 1816): synonym of Gelagna succincta (Linnaeus, 1771)
Cymatium closeli Beu, 1987: synonym of Septa closeli (Beu, 1987)
Cymatium comptum (A. Adams, 1855) : synonym of Monoplex comptus (A. Adams, 1855)
Cymatium corrugatum (Lamarck, 1816);: synonym of Monoplex corrugatus (Lamarck, 1816)
Cymatium cutaceum (Lamarck, 1816): synonym of Linatella caudata (Gmelin, 1791)
Cymatium cynocephalum (Lamarck, 1816) : synonym of Ranularia cynocephala (Lamarck, 1816)
Cymatium doliarium Lamarck: synonym of Cabestana dolaria (Linnaeus, 1767)
Cymatium durbanensis (E.A. Smith, 1899): synonym of Monoplex durbanensis (E.A. Smith, 1899)
Cymatium exaratum (Reeve, 1844): synonym of Monoplex exaratus (Reeve, 1844)
Cymatium exaratum durbanense (E. A. Smith, 1899): synonym of Cymatium exaratum (Reeve, 1844) accepted as Monoplex exaratus (Reeve, 1844)
秀美象法螺 Cymatium exile: synonym of Ranularia exilis (Reeve, 1844)
Cymatium gallinago (Reeve, 1844): synonym of Ranularia gallinago (Reeve, 1844)
Cymatium gemmatum Reeve: synonym of Monoplex gemmatus (Reeve, 1844)
Cymatium gibbosum (Broderip, 1833): synonym of Turritriton gibbosus (Broderip, 1833)
Cymatium grandimaculatum (Reeve, 1844): synonym of Lotoria grandimaculata (Reeve, 1844)
Cymatium hepaticum (Röding, 1798): synonym of Septa hepatica (Röding, 1798)
Cymatium kleinei (Sowerby III, 1889): synonym of Monoplex klenei (G.B. Sowerby III, 1889)
Cymatium kobelti: synonym of Turritriton kobelti (Maltzan, 1884)
Cymatium krebsii (Mörch, 1877) : synonym of Monoplex krebsii (Mörch, 1877)
Cymatium labiosum (W. Wood, 1828) : synonym of Turritriton labiosus (Wood, 1828)
象鼻法螺 Cymatium lotorium (Linnaeus, 1758)：今作Lotoria lotoria
Cymatium marerubrum: synonym of Septa marerubrum (Garcia-Talavera, 1985)
Cymatium martinianum (d'Orbigny, 1847) : synonym of Monoplex pilearis (Linnaeus, 1758)
Cymatium moniliferum (Adams & Reeve, 1850): synonym of Ranularia monilifera (A. Adams & Reeve, 1850)
Cymatium moritinctum (Reeve, 1844): synonym of Ranularia cynocephala (Lamarck, 1816)
Cymatium mundum (Gould, 1849): synonym of Monoplex mundus (Gould, 1849)
Cymatium muricinum (Röding, 1798) : synonym of Gutturnium muricinum (Röding, 1798)
Cymatium nicobaricum (Röding, 1798) : synonym of Monoplex nicobaricus (Röding, 1798)
Cymatium occidentale (Mörch, 1877) is a synonym of Septa occidentalis (Mörch, 1877)
Cymatium olearium Linnaeus: synonym of Ranella olearium (Linnaeus, 1758)
Cymatium (Septa) parthenopeum (von Salis, 1793) : synonym of Monoplex parthenopeus (Salis Marschlins, 1793)
Cymatium (Monoplex) parthenopeum (Salis, 1793): synonym of Monoplex parthenopeus (Salis Marschlins, 1793)
Cymatium penniketi Beu, 1998: synonyom of Monoplex penniketi (Beu, 1998)
Cymatium pharcidum (Dall, 1889): synonym of Turritriton tenuiliratus (Lischke, 1873)
菲氏瘦法螺 Cymatium pfeifferianum (Reeve, 1844): synonym of Reticutriton pfeifferianus (Reeve, 1844)
梨形嵌線螺^[3] Cymatium pyrum (Linnaeus, 1758): synonym of Ranularia pyrum (Linnaeus, 1758)
Cymatium rubeculum (Linnaeus, 1758): synonym of Septa rubecula (Linnaeus, 1758)
肉唇象法螺 Cymatium sarcostomum (Reeve, 1844): synonym of Ranularia sarcostoma (Reeve, 1844)
Cymatium (Ranularia) sinense (Reeve, 1844): synonym of Ranularia sinensis (Reeve, 1844)
Cymatium (Linatella) succinctum (Linnaeus, 1771): synonym of Linatella succincta (Linnaeus, 1771)
Cymatium testudinarium (A. Adams & Reeve, 1850): synonym of Ranularia testudinaria (A. Adams & Reeve, 1850)
Cymatium tranquebaricum (Lamarck, 1816): synonym of Monoplex tranquebaricus (Lamarck, 1816)
Cymatium trigonum (Gmelin, 1791): synonym of Monoplex trigonus (Gmelin, 1791)
Cymatium trilineatum: synonym of Ranularia trilineata (Reeve, 1844)
Cymatium vespaceum Lamarck, 1822: synonym of Monoplex vespaceus (Lamarck, 1822)

Cymatium species found in the Western Atlantic include:[1] （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）

Cymatium rehderi A. H. Verrill, 1950 : synonym of Ranularia rehderi (A.H. Verrill, 1950)

Other species include:

Cymatium tabulatus aka Turritriton tabulatus exaratus (Reeve, 1844)
Cymatium parkinsonianum (Perry, 1811): synonym of Austrotriton parkinsonius Perry, 1811
Cymatium pileare (Linnaeus, 1758): synonym of Cymatium (Septa) pileare (Linnaeus, 1758)
Cymatium perryi Emerson, W.K. & W.E. Jr. Old, 1963: synonym of Lotoria perryi (Emerson & Old, 1963)

圖庫

Fossil shell of Cymatium affine from Pliocene of Italy
Fossil shell of Cymatium doderleini from Pliocene of Italy

參考文獻

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. Cymatium Röding, 1798. WoRMS. [2018-06-02].
^ Cymatium echo. [2017-03-06]. （原始內容存檔於2017-03-06）（中文（繁體））.
^ ^3.0 ^3.1 蔡英亞. 兩廣近海嵌線螺科的初步研究（原始文獻連結）. 湛江水產學院學報. 1982-07, 1: 20–26 [2018-06-01] （中文（簡體））.
^ Cymatium. Paleobiology Database.
^ 蝸牛(螺)殺手-鑽紋螺居然產卵了!!. 2012-08-23 [2017-05-29]. （原始內容存檔於2018-02-14）（中文（繁體））.
^ ?. [2017-03-05]. （原始內容存檔於2016-12-16）.

外部連結

維基物種上的相關資訊：梭法螺屬
Info about subgenera and illustrations of type species for the subgenera and other species in the subgenera at [2] （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）
Malacolog info at: [3] （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）

[WoRMS_138426-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. Cymatium Röding, 1798. WoRMS. [2018-06-02].

[2] Cymatium echo. [2017-03-06]. （原始內容存檔於2017-03-06）（中文（繁體））.

[Shelldoc_420090220098_04-3] 3.0 ^3.1 蔡英亞. 兩廣近海嵌線螺科的初步研究（原始文獻連結）. 湛江水產學院學報. 1982-07, 1: 20–26 [2018-06-01] （中文（簡體））.

[AA-4] Cymatium. Paleobiology Database.

[5] 蝸牛(螺)殺手-鑽紋螺居然產卵了!!. 2012-08-23 [2017-05-29]. （原始內容存檔於2018-02-14）（中文（繁體））.

[6] ?. [2017-03-05]. （原始內容存檔於2016-12-16）.

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