顎針蟻屬
顎針蟻屬 化石時期：
| |
|---|---|
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| Anochetus faurei worker | |
科學分類 
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| 界： | 動物界 Animalia |
| 門： | 節肢動物門 Arthropoda |
| 綱： | 昆蟲綱 Insecta |
| 目： | 膜翅目 Hymenoptera |
| 科： | 蟻科 Formicidae |
| 亞科： | 針蟻亞科 Ponerinae |
| 族： | 鋸針蟻族 Odontomachini |
| 屬： | 顎針蟻屬 Anochetus |
| 模式種 | |
| Odontomachus ghilianii (Spinola, 1851)
| |
| 多樣性 | |
| 123 種 | |
| 異名 | |
顎針蟻屬 (Anochetus ) 主要棲息於熱帶及亞熱帶地區，少數幾種棲息於溫帶地區，具有觸發式大顎 (trap-jaw) ，肉食性[1][2]。姊妹群為鋸針蟻屬[3][4]，鋸針蟻屬和顎針蟻屬是鋸針蟻族下唯二的成員，Santos et al. (2010) 的研究支持鋸針蟻屬是由顎針蟻屬演化而來的假說[5]。
物種描述
[編輯]具有細長並向前延伸的大顎，能夠打開至接近 180° ，能夠以極快的速度閉合大顎。體型小至中等 (2.9 mm ~ 12 mm)。體色通常較為黯淡，棕色、黑色、紅色、黃色，有些物種雙色。
與易混淆物種的辨別方式
[編輯]與鋸針蟻屬
[編輯]鋸針蟻屬的腹柄節頂端具有一齒，而顎針蟻屬的具有兩齒或呈圓滑狀[6]；鋸針蟻屬的頭部後方具有縫線，呈現倒 V 字形，有時候會稍微內凹，顎針蟻屬則呈現倒 U 字形[6]。
與瘤顎家蟻
[編輯]在野外小型的顎針蟻常和瘤顎家蟻搞混，但瘤顎家蟻有兩節腹柄節，而顎針蟻只有一節。
地區性物種分布
[編輯]中國和台灣地區共有8種[7]：
- A. graeffei Mayr, 1870
- A. lanyuensis Leong et al., 2018
- A. longus Chen et al. 2019
- A. madaraszi Mayr, 1897
- A. mixtus Radchenko, 1993
- A. medogensis Chen et al. 2019
- A. risii Forel, 1900,
- A. subcoecus Forel, 1912
物種列表
[編輯]顎針蟻屬現生115種，已滅絕8種[8]。化石皆產於多明尼加琥珀[9][10][11]。
- Anochetus africanus (Mayr, 1865)
- Anochetus agilis Emery, 1901
- Anochetus alae Shattuck & Slipinska, 2012
- Anochetus altisquamis Mayr, 1887
- †Anochetus ambiguus De Andrade, 1994[12]
- Anochetus angolensis Brown, 1978
- Anochetus armstrongi McAreavey, 1949
- Anochetus avius Shattuck & Slipinska, 2012
- Anochetus bequaerti Forel, 1913
- Anochetus bispinosus (Smith, 1858)
- Anochetus boltoni Fisher & Smith, 2008
- †Anochetus brevidentatus MacKay, 1991[13]
- Anochetus brevis Brown, 1978
- Anochetus bytinskii Kugler & Ionescu, 2007
- Anochetus cato Forel, 1901
- Anochetus chirichinii Emery, 1897
- Anochetus chocoensis Fernández, 2008
- †Anochetus conisquamis De Andrade, 1994[12]
- Anochetus consultans (Walker, 1859)
- †Anochetus corayi Baroni Urbani, 1980[14]
- Anochetus cryptus Bharti & Wachkoo, 2013
- Anochetus daedalus
- Anochetus diegensis Forel, 1912
- †Anochetus dubius De Andrade, 1994[12]
- Anochetus elegans Lattke, 1987
- Anochetus emarginatus (Fabricius, 1804)
- Anochetus evansi Crawley, 1922
- †Anochetus exstinctus De Andrade, 1994[12]
- Anochetus faurei Arnold, 1948
- Anochetus filicornis (Wheeler, 1929)
- Anochetus fricatus Wilson, 1959
- Anochetus fuliginosus Arnold, 1948
- Anochetus ghilianii (Spinola, 1851)
- Anochetus gladiator (Mayr, 1862)
- Anochetus goodmani Fisher & Smith, 2008
- Anochetus graeffei Mayr, 1870
- Anochetus grandidieri Forel, 1891
- Anochetus haytianus Wheeler & Mann, 1914
- Anochetus hohenbergiae Feitosa & Delabie, 2012
- Anochetus horridus Kempf, 1964
- Anochetus inca Wheeler, 1925
- Anochetus incultus Brown, 1978
- Anochetus ineditus Baroni Urbani, 1971
- Anochetus inermis André, 1889
- †Anochetus intermedius De Andrade, 1994[12]
- Anochetus isolatus Mann, 1919
- Anochetus jonesi Arnold, 1926
- Anochetus kanariensis Forel, 1900
- Anochetus katonae Forel, 1907
- Anochetus kempfi Brown, 1978
- Anochetus levaillanti Emery, 1895
- Anochetus leyticus Zettel, 2012
- Anochetus longifossatus Mayr, 1897
- Anochetus longispinus Wheeler, 1936
- †Anochetus lucidus De Andrade, 1994[12]
- Anochetus madagascarensis Forel, 1887
- Anochetus madaraszi Mayr, 1897
- Anochetus maryatiae Nuril Aida & Idris, 2011
- Anochetus maynei Forel, 1913
- Anochetus mayri Emery, 1884
- Anochetus menozzii Donisthorpe, 1941
- Anochetus micans Brown, 1978
- Anochetus minans Mann, 1922
- Anochetus miserabilis González-Campero & Elizalde, 2008
- Anochetus mixtus Radchenko, 1993
- Anochetus modicus Brown, 1978
- Anochetus muzziolii Menozzi, 1932
- Anochetus myops Emery, 1893
- Anochetus natalensis Arnold, 1926
- Anochetus neglectus Emery, 1894
- Anochetus nietneri (Roger, 1861)
- Anochetus obscuratus Santschi, 1911
- Anochetus obscurior Brown, 1978
- Anochetus orchidicola Brown, 1978
- Anochetus oriens Kempf, 1964
- Anochetus orientalis André, 1887
- Anochetus pangantihoni Zettel, 2012
- Anochetus pangens (Walker, 1859)
- Anochetus paripungens Brown, 1978
- Anochetus pattersoni Fisher & Smith, 2008
- Anochetus pellucidus [no authors], 1902
- Anochetus peracer Brown, 1978
- Anochetus princeps Emery, 1884
- Anochetus pubescens Brown, 1978
- Anochetus punctaticeps Mayr, 1901
- Anochetus pupulatus Brown, 1978
- Anochetus rectangularis Mayr, 1876
- Anochetus renatae Shattuck & Slipinska, 2012
- Anochetus risii Forel, 1900
- Anochetus rossi Donisthorpe, 1949
- Anochetus rothschildi Forel, 1907
- Anochetus rufolatus Shattuck & Slipinska, 2012
- Anochetus rufostenus Shattuck & Slipinska, 2012
- Anochetus rufus (Jerdon, 1851)
- Anochetus ruginotus Stitz, 1925
- Anochetus rugosus (Smith, 1857)
- Anochetus schoedli Zettel, 2012
- Anochetus sedilloti Emery, 1884
- Anochetus seminiger Donisthorpe, 1943
- Anochetus shohki Terayama, 1996
- Anochetus simoni Emery, 1890
- Anochetus siphneus Brown, 1978
- Anochetus splendidulus Yasumatsu, 1940
- Anochetus striatulus Emery, 1890
- Anochetus strigatellus Brown, 1978
- Anochetus subcoecus Forel, 1912
- Anochetus taiwaniensis Terayama, 1989
- Anochetus talpa Forel, 1901
- Anochetus targionii Emery, 1894
- Anochetus testaceus Forel, 1893
- Anochetus traegaordhi Mayr, 1904
- Anochetus tua Brown, 1978
- Anochetus turneri Forel, 1900
- Anochetus validus Bharti & Wachkoo, 2013
- Anochetus vallensis Lattke, 1987
- Anochetus variegatus Donisthorpe, 1938
- Anochetus veronicae Shattuck & Slipinska, 2012
- Anochetus vexator Kempf, 1964
- Anochetus victoriae Shattuck & Slipinska, 2012
- Anochetus werneri Zettel, 2012
- Anochetus wiesiae Shattuck & Slipinska, 2012
- Anochetus yerburyi Forel, 1900
- Anochetus yunnanensis Wang, 1993
參考資料
[編輯]- ^ Schmidt, C. A; Shattuck, S. O. The Higher Classification of the Ant Subfamily Ponerinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), with a Review of Ponerine Ecology and Behavior. Zootaxa. 2014, 3817 (1): 1–242. PMID 24943802. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3817.1.1.
- ^ Brown Jr WL. Contributions toward a reclassification of the Formicidae. Part VI. Ponerinae, tribe Ponerini, subtribe Odontomachiti. Section B. Genus Anochetus and bibliography. Studia Entomologica. 1978, 20: 549–638.
- ^ Ouellette GD, Fisher BL and Girman D. Molecular systematics of basal subfamilies of ants using 28S rRNA (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 2006, 40 (2): 359-369. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2006.03.017.
- ^ Santos IS, Costa MA, Mariano CSF, Delebie JHC, Andrade-Souza V and Silva JG. A Cytogenetic Approach to the Study of Neotropical Odontomachus and Anochetus Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America. 2010, 103 (3): 424-429.
- ^ Santos IS, Costa MA, Mariano CSF, Delebie JHC, Andrade-Souza V and Silva JG. A Cytogenetic Approach to the Study of Neotropical Odontomachus and Anochetus Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America. 2010, 103 (3): 424-429.
- ^ 6.0 6.1 Brown Jr. Willian L. Contribution toward a Reclassification of the Formicidae. Part VI. Ponerinae, Tribe Ponerini, Subtribe Odontomachiti. Section A. Introduction, Subtribal Characters. Genus Odontomachus. Studia Entomologica. 1976, 19: 66-171.
- ^ Chen Z, Yang Z and Zhou S. Review of the ant genus Anochetus Mayr, 1861 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from China, with revival of the valid status of Anochetus gracilis. Journal of Hymenoptera Research. 2019, 68: 49-74 [2020-06-06]. doi:10.3897/jhr.68.30784. （原始內容存檔於2021-05-07）.
- ^ Barry Bolton. AntCat. [2020-06-06]. （原始內容存檔於2020-06-08）.
- ^ Baroni Urbani C. Anochetus corayi n. sp., the first fossil Odontomachiti ant. (Amber Collection Stuttgart: Hymenoptera, Formicidae. II: Odontomachiti). Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde, Serie B (Geologie und Paläontologie). 1980, 55: 1-6.
- ^ De Andrade ML. Fossil Odontomachiti ants from the Dominican Republic (Amber Collection Stuttgart: Hymenoptera, Formicidae. VII: Odontomachiti).. Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde. Serie B (Geologie und Paläontologie). 1994, 199: 1-28.
- ^ MacKay WP. Anochetus brevidentatus, new species, a second fossil Odontomachiti ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Journal of the New York Entomological Society. 1991, 99: 138-140.
- ^ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 12.5 De Andrade, M. L. Fossil Odontomachiti Ants from the Dominican Republic (Amber Collection Stuttgart: Hymenoptera, Formicidae. VII: Odontomachiti). Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde. Serie B (Geologie und Paläontologie). 1994, 199: 1–28.
- ^ MacKay, W. P. Anochetus brevidentatus, new species, a second fossil Odontomachiti ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Journal of the New York Entomological Society. 1991, 99: 138–140.
- ^ Baroni Urbani, C. Anochetus corayi n. sp., the first fossil Odontomachiti ant. (Amber Collection Stuttgart: Hymenoptera, Formicidae. II: Odontomachiti). Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde. Serie B (Geologie und Paläontologie). 1980, 55: 1–6.
