麻扎達坂

麻扎達坂
(賽力亞克達坂)
麻扎達坂 ; (賽力亞克達坂)
	(上) 往南行景色 ; (下) 往北行景色
海拔	4,969公尺（16,302英尺）
長度	40公里（25英里）
穿過	219國道 (新藏公路)
位置	中國新疆葉城縣
山脈	崑崙山脈
坐標	36°34′44″N 77°00′11″E / 36.579°N 77.003°E座標：36°34′44″N 77°00′11″E / 36.579°N 77.003°E
	麻扎達坂 ; (賽力亞克達坂)

麻扎達坂(Mazar Pass)^[2]也將其稱為賽力亞克達坂(Sailyak Pass)^[3]是一條有許多髮夾彎的長程山口，沿着連接新疆和西藏的219國道（G219）。在新疆山口稱為達坂，達坂穿過崑崙山脈，達坂位於新疆西南部葉城縣庫地村(西喀拉斯坦河)和麻扎村(葉爾羌河)之間。西方媒體消息來源經常將其稱為Chiragsaldi Pass 。^[4]^[5]

北起葉城縣的舊G219國道零公里石碑，達坂位於240公里（150英里）。^[6]大約40公里（25英里）長，是新藏公路上最長的山口。^[6]^[1]G219國道於 1957 年首次完工，除了黑卡達坂外，在 2013 年全面鋪上瀝青。^[5]

麻扎達坂以達坂南邊的小村子之所以得名，是因為這裡是兩個維吾爾麻扎的所在地。麻札即伊斯蘭教之聖徒墓地，村裡有一個麻扎兵站。^[6]近幾十年來，它還作為 G219國道的卡車休息站和前往喬戈里峰的探險隊的服務站。^[4]^[7]

Chiragsaldi Pass是英國探險家在 1800 年代後期使用的名稱，同樣，當時只是商隊露營地的麻扎村也被稱為Chiragsaldi 。 ^[8]這個名字的意思是「燈熄滅」，指的是麻扎村的風大。^[9] 1900 年代初期的法國軍隊地圖顯示，Chiragsaldi Pass和賽力亞克達坂是不同的達坂，從同一個山谷一個向西，另一個向東。^[10]

參見[編輯]

參考[編輯]

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 鏽劍. 穿越世界之巅的天路G219新藏线一路探秘无人区的苍凉与雄壮. QQ News. 2018-08-28 [23 January 2020] （中文）. 海拔4969米的麻扎達坂，是新藏線上最長的達坂，上下各近40公里。
^ Institute of Glaciology and Geocryology. Proceedings of the Symposium on Mountain Glaciology relating to Human Activity held at Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China, 26-30 August 1991. International Glaciological Society. 1992: 136 [2022-03-25]. ISBN 978-0-946417-08-7. （原始內容存檔於2022-03-25）. Sailyak Pass
^ Xiao, Wenjiao; Hou, Quanlin; Li, Jiliang; Brian F., Windley; Hao, Jie; Fang, Aiming; Zhou, Hui; Wang, Zhihong; Chen, Hanlin; Zhang, Guocheng; Yuan, Chao. Tectonic facies and the archipelago-accretion process of the West Kunlun, China. Science in China Series D: Earth Sciences. 2000, 43 (S1): 134–143. ISSN 1006-9313. doi:10.1007/BF02911939. The mélange zone along the Sailiyake Daban and Kangxiwar is mainly composed of Triassic sand-stones and shales
^ ^4.0 ^4.1 Brown, Chip. K2. National Geographic. April 2012 [23 January 2020]. （原始內容存檔於2021-02-06）. After a night in the dimly lit Yecheng Electricity Hotel we drove over the Chiragsaldi Pass and crept through billows of dust at ten miles an hour until we reached a desolate truck stop called Mazar.
^ ^5.0 ^5.1 Chiragsaldi Pass. dangerousroads.org. [23 January 2020]. （原始內容存檔於2021-12-23）. The road to the summit is called 219 National Road, also known as Tibet - Xinjiang Highway. Construction of this road started in 1951. It was completed in 1957 and fully paved with asphalt in 2013.
^ ^6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 創意影像. 中国最美的20条摄影之路. Beijing Book Co. Inc. 1 March 2017: 173 [2022-03-25]. ISBN 978-7-5514-1685-6. （原始內容存檔於2022-04-07）. 麻扎達坂麻扎達坂位於新藏公路北起240千米處,也叫賽力克達坂,...也是新藏線最長的達坂...麻扎達坂位於麻扎兵站的北方。...這裡是新藏公路和進喬戈里峰的邊防公里分岔口，應此地原有兩座維吾爾人墳墓而得名。
^ Lysenko, Vladimir. First Descent of the Chogir River in Xinjiang. Shangri La River Expeditions. June 1996 [23 January 2020]. Have covered through settlement Kokyar, Akaz Pass (of height of 3,000 m), settlement Kudi and, at last, very high Seraz Pass (4,947 m) and at two o'clock in the afternoon have reached Mazar (Mazar Dara). ... The Seraz Pass, of height of almost 5,000 meters, is rather good "looked" - it is the matter of hands of soldiers of Chinese building battalions.
^ Francis Younghusband. A journey across Central Asia, from Manchuria and Peking to Kashmir, over the Mustagh Pass. Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society and Monthly Record of Geography. Edward Stanford. 1888: 504–505 [2022-03-25]. （原始內容存檔於2022-03-25）. At the head of the Tisnaf river we left the track which leads over the Yangi Dawan to the Karakoram Pass and Leh, and struck off westward to the Chiragh Saldi Pass. ... The next day we struck the Yarkand river at the camping ground of Chiragh Saldi, which is the furthest point reached by Mr. Hayward in exploring the course of that river from its source downwards.
^ Henry Walter Bellew. Kashmir and Kashghar: A Narrative of the Journey of the Embassy to Kashghar in 1873-74. Trübner. 1875: 399 [2022-03-25]. （原始內容存檔於2022-03-25）. Our next stage was Chiragh Saldi, "the lamp blew out" -- in reference to the winds of the locality -- fourteen miles.
^ Service géographique de l'armée. Asie 1:1,000,000. flle 40N-78E, Kachgar (地圖). 1886 - Collections patrimoniales numérisées de Bordeaux Montaigne. 1906 [23 January 2020]. （原始內容存檔於2019-12-31）（法語）. Tchirak-Soldi, Sarrakh, Yanghi-Davan

[qq_news-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 鏽劍. 穿越世界之巅的天路G219新藏线一路探秘无人区的苍凉与雄壮. QQ News. 2018-08-28 [23 January 2020] （中文）. 海拔4969米的麻扎達坂，是新藏線上最長的達坂，上下各近40公里。

[Geocryology1992-2] Institute of Glaciology and Geocryology. Proceedings of the Symposium on Mountain Glaciology relating to Human Activity held at Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China, 26-30 August 1991. International Glaciological Society. 1992: 136 [2022-03-25]. ISBN 978-0-946417-08-7. （原始內容存檔於2022-03-25）. Sailyak Pass

[XiaoHou2000-3] Xiao, Wenjiao; Hou, Quanlin; Li, Jiliang; Brian F., Windley; Hao, Jie; Fang, Aiming; Zhou, Hui; Wang, Zhihong; Chen, Hanlin; Zhang, Guocheng; Yuan, Chao. Tectonic facies and the archipelago-accretion process of the West Kunlun, China. Science in China Series D: Earth Sciences. 2000, 43 (S1): 134–143. ISSN 1006-9313. doi:10.1007/BF02911939. The mélange zone along the Sailiyake Daban and Kangxiwar is mainly composed of Triassic sand-stones and shales

[natgeo-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Brown, Chip. K2. National Geographic. April 2012 [23 January 2020]. （原始內容存檔於2021-02-06）. After a night in the dimly lit Yecheng Electricity Hotel we drove over the Chiragsaldi Pass and crept through billows of dust at ten miles an hour until we reached a desolate truck stop called Mazar.

[dangerousroads-5] 5.0 ^5.1 Chiragsaldi Pass. dangerousroads.org. [23 January 2020]. （原始內容存檔於2021-12-23）. The road to the summit is called 219 National Road, also known as Tibet - Xinjiang Highway. Construction of this road started in 1951. It was completed in 1957 and fully paved with asphalt in 2013.

[创意影像2017-6] 6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 創意影像. 中国最美的20条摄影之路. Beijing Book Co. Inc. 1 March 2017: 173 [2022-03-25]. ISBN 978-7-5514-1685-6. （原始內容存檔於2022-04-07）. 麻扎達坂麻扎達坂位於新藏公路北起240千米處,也叫賽力克達坂,...也是新藏線最長的達坂...麻扎達坂位於麻扎兵站的北方。...這裡是新藏公路和進喬戈里峰的邊防公里分岔口，應此地原有兩座維吾爾人墳墓而得名。

[lysenko-7] Lysenko, Vladimir. First Descent of the Chogir River in Xinjiang. Shangri La River Expeditions. June 1996 [23 January 2020]. Have covered through settlement Kokyar, Akaz Pass (of height of 3,000 m), settlement Kudi and, at last, very high Seraz Pass (4,947 m) and at two o'clock in the afternoon have reached Mazar (Mazar Dara). ... The Seraz Pass, of height of almost 5,000 meters, is rather good "looked" - it is the matter of hands of soldiers of Chinese building battalions.

[Younghusband1888-8] Francis Younghusband. A journey across Central Asia, from Manchuria and Peking to Kashmir, over the Mustagh Pass. Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society and Monthly Record of Geography. Edward Stanford. 1888: 504–505 [2022-03-25]. （原始內容存檔於2022-03-25）. At the head of the Tisnaf river we left the track which leads over the Yangi Dawan to the Karakoram Pass and Leh, and struck off westward to the Chiragh Saldi Pass. ... The next day we struck the Yarkand river at the camping ground of Chiragh Saldi, which is the furthest point reached by Mr. Hayward in exploring the course of that river from its source downwards.

[Bellew1875-9] Henry Walter Bellew. Kashmir and Kashghar: A Narrative of the Journey of the Embassy to Kashghar in 1873-74. Trübner. 1875: 399 [2022-03-25]. （原始內容存檔於2022-03-25）. Our next stage was Chiragh Saldi, "the lamp blew out" -- in reference to the winds of the locality -- fourteen miles.

[10] Service géographique de l'armée. Asie 1:1,000,000. flle 40N-78E, Kachgar (地圖). 1886 - Collections patrimoniales numérisées de Bordeaux Montaigne. 1906 [23 January 2020]. （原始內容存檔於2019-12-31）（法語）. Tchirak-Soldi, Sarrakh, Yanghi-Davan

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