哺乳動物聽小骨進化
（重新導向自哺乳類聽小骨演化）
| 古生物 |
| 古生物學 |
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Portal:生物學 Category:古生物學 |
哺乳動物的聽小骨進化過程被認為是生物進化過程中最完備[1] 也是最重要的事件之一。這個進化事件的過程展現了大量的演變過程，並成為預適應和已有結構再作用的最佳範例。
在爬行動物中, 耳鼓與內耳是通過一根骨頭（鼻小柱）連接在一起的，爬行動物上下顎之間的多塊骨頭在哺乳動物中沒有發現。在哺乳動物進化的過程中，其中一塊上顎骨（方塊骨）和一塊下顎骨（關節骨）失去了功用，但是被中耳借用來與鐙骨連接，形成了一串三個用來放大聲音的聽小骨。在哺乳動物中，這三塊骨頭叫做錘骨、砧骨和鐙骨。
參考資料
[編輯]- ^ Allin EF. Evolution of the mammalian middle ear. J. Morphol. December 1975, 147 (4): 403–437. PMID 1202224. doi:10.1002/jmor.1051470404.
擴展閱讀
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- Anthwal, Neal; Joshi, Leena; Tucker, Abigail S. Evolution of the mammalian middle ear and jaw: adaptations and novel structures. Journal of Anatomy. 2012, 221 (1): 1–96. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2012.01526.x.
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- Gould SJ. Chapter 6: An Earful of Jaw. Eight Little Piggies: reflections in natural history. New York: Norton. 1993. ISBN 0-393-03416-X.
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- Luo, Zhe-Xi. Developmental Patterns in Mesozoic Evolution of Mammal Ears. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics. 2011, 42: 355–380 [2013-07-26]. doi:10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-032511-142302. （原始內容存檔於2019-05-18）.
- Manley GA, Sienknecht UJ. Chapter 2: The Evolution and Development of Middle Ears in Land Vertebrates. Puria S, Fay RR, Popper AN (編). The Middle Ear: Science, Otosurgery, and Technology. Springer Handbook of Auditory Research 46. New York: Springer. 2013: 7–30. ISBN 978-1-4614-6590-4. doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-6591-1_2.
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