三乙基鋁

三乙基鋁
	IUPAC名; Triethylalumane
別名	乙基鋁
識別
縮寫	TEA, TEAl, TEAL
CAS號	97-93-8
PubChem	16682930
ChemSpider	10179159
SMILES	CC[Al](CC)CC;
InChI	1/3C2H5.Al/c31-2;/h31H2,2H3;/rC6H15Al/c1-4-7(5-2)6-3/h4-6H2,1-3H3;
InChIKey	VOITXYVAKOUIBA-DVVALISXAR
EINECS	202-619-3
性質
化學式	C12H30Al2
摩爾質量	228.33 g·mol−1
外觀	無色液體
密度	0.8324 g·cm−3（25 °C）
熔點	−52.5 °C（220.7 K）
沸點	128—130 °C（401—403 K）（50 mmHg）
危險性
警示術語	R：R14 R17 R34
安全術語	S：S16 S43 S45
主要危害	易自燃
NFPA 704	4 3 3
閃點	−18 °C（255 K）
相關物質
相關化學品	三甲基鋁
	若非註明，所有數據均出自標準狀態（25 ℃，100 kPa）下。

三乙基鋁是一種金屬有機化合物，化學式為Al₂(C₂H₅)₆。它是揮發性的無色液體，遇空氣自燃。它可以純品保存於不鏽鋼容器中，或溶於烴類溶劑儲存。它是齊格勒-納塔催化劑的必要組分。^[6]

製備

三乙基鋁可由鋁、氫氣和乙烯的化合反應製得：^[7]

2 Al + 3 H₂ + 6 C₂H₄ → Al₂(C₂H₅)₆

鋁粉和氯乙烷反應，得到倍半氯化乙基鋁（英語：Ethylaluminium sesquichloride），它經金屬鈉還原後得到三乙基鋁：^[8]

3 Al₂Cl₃(C₂H₅)₃ + 9 Na → 2 Al₂(C₂H₅)₆ + 2 Al + 9 NaCl

此外，三丙基鋁和乙烯反應^[6]、二乙基汞^[6]或三乙基鎵^[9]在加熱下和鋁反應，也能製得三乙基鋁。

反應

三乙基鋁的Al–C鍵具有極性，接受質子後放出乙烷：^[10]

Al₂(C₂H₅)₆ + 6 HX → 2 AlX₃ + 6 C₂H₆

像醇或端基炔烴這樣的弱酸也能參與反應，例如它和異丙醇反應，得到二乙基異丙醇鋁；^[11]和苯乙炔反應，得到二乙基(苯乙炔基)鋁。^[12]

它和四氯化錫在乙醚中反應，得到三乙基氯化錫。^[13]它和氯化鋅反應，生成二乙基鋅：^[7]

Al₂(C₂H₅)₆ + ZnCl₂ → Zn(C₂H₅)₂ + 2 (C₂H₅)₂AlCl

參考文獻

^ Mission Status Center, June 2, 2010, 1905 GMT （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）, SpaceflightNow, accessed 2010-06-02, Quotation: "The flanges will link the rocket with ground storage tanks containing liquid oxygen, kerosene fuel, helium, gaserous nitrogen and the first stage ignitor source called triethylaluminum-triethylborane, better known as TEA-TAB."
^ Gulbrandsen Chemicals, Metal Alkyls: Triethylaluminum (TEAl). Gulbrandsen. [December 12, 2017]. （原始內容存檔於2017-12-13）. Triethylaluminum (TEAl) is a pyrophoric liquid...
^ Malpass, Dennis B.; Band, Elliot. Introduction to Industrial Polypropylene: Properties, Catalysts Processes. John Wiley & Sons. 2012. ISBN 9781118463208.
^ Pitzer, Kenneth S.; Gutowsky, Herbert S. Electron-deficient molecules. II. Aluminum alkyls. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1946. 68: 2204-2209. ISSN: 0002-7863. doi:10.1021/ja01215a027
^ Gallais, Fernand; de Loth, Philippe. Magnetooptical properties of two trialkylaluminums and of their addition compounds with aliphatic ethers. Compt. Rend., 1962. 255. 2755-2756.
^ ^6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 無機化學叢書第二卷鈹鹼土金屬硼鋁鎵分族. 科學出版社. pp 498. 7.3 有機鋁化合物
^ ^7.0 ^7.1 Michael J. Krause, Frank Orlandi, Alfred T. Saurage, Joseph R. Zietz Jr. "Aluminum Compounds, Organic" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 2002, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. DOI: 10.1002/14356007.a01_543
^ Krause, M. J; Orlandi, F; Saurage, A T.; Zietz, J R, "Organic Aluminum Compounds" Wiley-Science 2002.
^ Starowieyski, Kazimierz; Kruk, Przemyslaw. Process for preparation of trialkylaluminum compounds from metallic aluminum by transmetalation with trialkylgallium compounds. 2006. PL 192855 B1.
^ Elschenbroich, C. 」Organometallics」 (2006) Wiley-VCH: Weinheim. ISBN 978-3-527-29390-2
^ Kunicki, A. R.; Pasynkiewicz, S.; Jankowski, J.; Mank, B. Alkoxyalumoxanes (ROAlO)_n - Synthesis and properties. Polish Journal of Chemistry, 2004. 78 (10): 1857-1864. ISSN: 0137-5083.
^ Kanbur, Uddhav; Ellern, Arkady; Sadow, Aaron D. Alkynylaluminum Synthesis Catalyzed by a Zwitterionic Neodymium(III) Heterobimetallic Compound. Organometallics, 2018. 37 (23): 4409-4414. ISSN: 0276-7333. doi:10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00374
^ Neumann, Wilhelm P. Organotin compounds. I. New methods of preparation for tin tetraalkyls and alkyltin halides. Justus Liebigs Annalen der Chemie, 1962. 653. 157-163. ISSN: 0075-4617.

[spaceflightnow-1] Mission Status Center, June 2, 2010, 1905 GMT （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）, SpaceflightNow, accessed 2010-06-02, Quotation: "The flanges will link the rocket with ground storage tanks containing liquid oxygen, kerosene fuel, helium, gaserous nitrogen and the first stage ignitor source called triethylaluminum-triethylborane, better known as TEA-TAB."

[2] Gulbrandsen Chemicals, Metal Alkyls: Triethylaluminum (TEAl). Gulbrandsen. [December 12, 2017]. （原始內容存檔於2017-12-13）. Triethylaluminum (TEAl) is a pyrophoric liquid...

[3] Malpass, Dennis B.; Band, Elliot. Introduction to Industrial Polypropylene: Properties, Catalysts Processes. John Wiley & Sons. 2012. ISBN 9781118463208.

[4] Pitzer, Kenneth S.; Gutowsky, Herbert S. Electron-deficient molecules. II. Aluminum alkyls. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1946. 68: 2204-2209. ISSN: 0002-7863. doi:10.1021/ja01215a027

[5] Gallais, Fernand; de Loth, Philippe. Magnetooptical properties of two trialkylaluminums and of their addition compounds with aliphatic ethers. Compt. Rend., 1962. 255. 2755-2756.

[wuji-6] 6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 無機化學叢書第二卷鈹鹼土金屬硼鋁鎵分族. 科學出版社. pp 498. 7.3 有機鋁化合物

[Ullmann-7] 7.0 ^7.1 Michael J. Krause, Frank Orlandi, Alfred T. Saurage, Joseph R. Zietz Jr. "Aluminum Compounds, Organic" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 2002, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. DOI: 10.1002/14356007.a01_543

[8] Krause, M. J; Orlandi, F; Saurage, A T.; Zietz, J R, "Organic Aluminum Compounds" Wiley-Science 2002.

[9] Starowieyski, Kazimierz; Kruk, Przemyslaw. Process for preparation of trialkylaluminum compounds from metallic aluminum by transmetalation with trialkylgallium compounds. 2006. PL 192855 B1.

[10] Elschenbroich, C. 」Organometallics」 (2006) Wiley-VCH: Weinheim. ISBN 978-3-527-29390-2

[11] Kunicki, A. R.; Pasynkiewicz, S.; Jankowski, J.; Mank, B. Alkoxyalumoxanes (ROAlO)_n - Synthesis and properties. Polish Journal of Chemistry, 2004. 78 (10): 1857-1864. ISSN: 0137-5083.

[12] Kanbur, Uddhav; Ellern, Arkady; Sadow, Aaron D. Alkynylaluminum Synthesis Catalyzed by a Zwitterionic Neodymium(III) Heterobimetallic Compound. Organometallics, 2018. 37 (23): 4409-4414. ISSN: 0276-7333. doi:10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00374

[13] Neumann, Wilhelm P. Organotin compounds. I. New methods of preparation for tin tetraalkyls and alkyltin halides. Justus Liebigs Annalen der Chemie, 1962. 653. 157-163. ISSN: 0075-4617.

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