葉䗛屬
葉䗛屬
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| 菲律賓葉䗛(Phyllium philippinicum) | |
科學分類 
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| 界： | 動物界 Animalia |
| 門： | 節肢動物門 Arthropoda |
| 綱： | 昆蟲綱 Insecta |
| 目： | 竹節蟲目 Phasmatodea |
| 科： | 葉竹節蟲科 Phylliidae |
| 族： | 葉䗛族 Phylliini |
| 屬： | 葉䗛屬 Phyllium Illiger, 1798 |
| 異名 | |
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葉䗛屬（學名：Phyllium）也稱葉蟲，是竹節蟲目（䗛目）葉竹節蟲科（葉䗛科）的一屬。主要分佈於東半球的熱帶和亞熱帶地區。[1]本屬目前記錄約31種[2]，是葉竹節蟲科中種類最多的一屬。
形態特徵
[編輯]
葉䗛屬於一種大型昆蟲，體型寬扁，通體多為綠色，但也有其他色型，脈紋清晰，外型擬態模仿樹葉。頭部呈橢圓形，頭頂稍扁平，光滑或距顆粒。眼部為半球形。雄蟲觸角發達，側扁，櫛狀或鋸齒形，被長軟毛，向後越達腹部中央；雌蟲觸角短棒狀，一般較短。口器為咀嚼式。前胸較短，近於三角形。前翅革質，雄蟲較窄短，雌蟲發達，幾乎蓋滿腹部；後翅膜質、透明，雄蟲發達，雌蟲常退化或消失。[1]
葉䗛屬中本來種類眾多，並且分為四個亞屬，葉䗛亞屬、麗葉䗛亞屬、飾葉䗛亞屬、舞葉䗛亞屬 ，但2021因為分子生物學以及生物地理學上的證據，陸續將這之中的一些物種挪出，像是葉䗛亞屬之中的一些物種移到新屬隱葉䗛屬 （Cryptophyllium）之下[3]，麗葉䗛亞屬、飾葉䗛亞屬、舞葉䗛亞屬也各提升為屬級，麗葉䗛屬（Pulchriphyllium）、飾葉䗛屬（Comptaphyllium）、舞葉䗛屬（Walaphyllium）[4]，因此目前葉䗛屬底下已無亞屬之分類單元。
分類
[編輯]目前葉䗛屬共有31種[2]：
- Phyllium (Phyllium) antonkozlovi Cumming, 2017
- Phyllium (Phyllium) arthurchungi Seow-Choen, 2016
- Phyllium (Phyllium) bilobatum Gray, 1843
- Phyllium (Phyllium) bonifacioi Lit & Eusebio, 2014
- Phyllium (Phyllium) bourquei Cumming & Le Tirant, 2017
- Phyllium (Phyllium) bradleri Seow-Choen, 2017
- Phyllium (Phyllium) brossardi Cumming, Le Tirant & Teemsma, 2017
- Phyllium (Phyllium) chenqiae Seow-Choen, 2017
- Phyllium conlei Cumming, Valero & Teemsma, 2018
- 卡氏葉䗛 Phyllium (Phyllium) cummingi Seow-Choen, 2017
- 優雅葉䗛 Phyllium (Phyllium) elegans Grösser, 1991[5]
- 艾瑞克葉䗛 Phyllium (Phyllium) ericoriai Hennemann, Conle, Gottardo & Bresseel, 2009
- Phyllium (Phyllium) fallorum Cumming, 2017[6]
- 甘通山葉䗛 Phyllium (Phyllium) gantungense Hennemann, Conle, Gottardo & Bresseel, 2009
- 加爾達葉䗛 Phyllium gardabagusi Cumming, Bank, Le Tirant & Bradler, 2020
- Phyllium (Phyllium) hausleithneri Brock, 1999[5]
- 雅各氏葉䗛 Phyllium (Phyllium) jacobsoni Rehn & Rehn, 1934
- 麗緹葉䗛 Phyllium (Phyllium) letiranti Cumming & Teemsma, 2018[5]
- Phyllium longicorne Latreille, 1802
- Phyllium (Phyllium) mabantai Bresseel, Hennemann, Conle & Gottardo, 2009
- Phyllium (Pulchriphyllium) maethoraniae Delfosse, 2015[7]
- Phyllium (Phyllium) mamasaense Grösser, 2008
- Phyllium (Phyllium) mindorense Hennemann, Conle, Gottardo & Bresseel, 2009
- Phyllium nisus Cumming, Bank, Le Tirant & Bradler, 2020
- 巴拉望葉䗛 Phyllium (Phyllium) palawanense Grösser, 2001
- 菲律賓葉䗛 Phyllium (Phyllium) philippinicum Hennemann, Conle, Gottardo & Bresseel, 2009
- Phyllium (Phyllium) rayongii Thanasinchayakul, 2006
- Phyllium (Phyllium) rubrum Cumming, Le Tirant & Teemsma, 2018[5]
- Phyllium saltonae Cumming, Baker, Le Tirant & Marshall, 2020
- Phyllium (Phyllium) siccifolium (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Phyllium (Phyllium) telnovi Brock, 2014
- 托貝洛葉䗛 Phyllium (Phyllium) tobeloense Grösser, 2007
- Phyllium (Phyllium) woodi Rehn & Rehn, 1934
參考文獻
[編輯]- ^ 1.0 1.1 劉勝利. 中国叶螩属记述(竹节虫目:叶螩科)[J]. 昆蟲分類學報. 1993, 18 (2): 202–210 [2021-04-27]. （原始內容存檔於2021-04-27）.
- ^ 2.0 2.1 Phasmida Species File. [2021-06-22]. （原始內容存檔於2021-05-07）.
- ^ Royce T. Cumming, Sarah Bank, Joachim Bresseel, Jérôme Constant, Stéphane Le Tirant, Zhiwei Dong, Gontran Sonet, Sven Bradler. Cryptophyllium, the hidden leaf insects – descriptions of a new leaf insect genus and thirteen species from the former celebicum species group (Phasmatodea, Phylliidae). ZooKeys. 2021, (1018): 1-179 [2021-08-17]. （原始內容存檔於2021-06-29）.
- ^ (PDF) A tree of leaves: Phylogeny and historical biogeography of the leaf insects (Phasmatodea: Phylliidae). ResearchGate. [2021-08-17]. （原始內容存檔於2021-08-17） （英語）.
- ^ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Sarah Bank, Royce T. Cumming, Yunchang Li, Katharina Henze, Stéphane Le Tirant and Sven Bradler. 2021. A Tree of Leaves: Phylogeny and Historical Biogeography of the Leaf Insects (Phasmatodea: Phylliidae). Communications Biology. 4: 932. DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02436-z
- ^ Royce T. Cumming. 2017. A New Species of Phyllium (Phyllium) Illiger, 1798 from Mindanao, Philippines (Phasmida, Phylliidae). Zootaxa. 4303(2); 297–300. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4303.2.10
- ^ Emmanuel Delfosse. 2015. A New Giant Leaf Insect Species of the Genus Phyllium from Thailand (Phasmatodea, Phylliidae). Bulletin de la Société entomologique de France. 120(3); 411-415.