嗜硫珠菌屬

硫髮菌屬
	納米比亞嗜硫珠菌的染色顯微照片
科學分類
域：	細菌域 Bacteria
門：	假單胞菌門 Pseudomonadota
綱：	γ-變形菌綱 Gammaproteobacteria
目：	硫髮菌目 Thiotrichales
科：	硫髮菌科 Thiotrichaceae
屬：	硫髮菌屬 Thiomargarita; Schulz et al. 1999
Species
	納米比亞嗜硫珠菌; Ca. Thiomargarita nelsonii; Ca. Thiomargarita joergensii; Ca. Thiomargarita magnifica;

嗜硫珠菌屬（英語："Thiomargarita"）是硫發菌科的一個屬，包括液泡硫細菌——納米比亞嗜硫珠菌、Candidatus Thiomargarita nelsonii和Ca. Thiomargarita joergensii。^[4] 2022年，科學家在加勒比海紅樹林發現了該屬的一種極其巨大的細菌，命名為華麗硫珠菌，其細胞肉眼可見，可達2 cm。^[5]

該屬可在富含硫化氫的環境，諸如冷泉、泥火山、鹽水池和富含有機物的沉積物、以及在本格拉洋流和秘魯涼流下發現的沉積物中找到。這些細菌通常歸類為化能營養生物，它們生存的海水環境，含有週期性上升洋流帶來的大量硝酸鹽。它們利用還原無機硫化物，以此為呼吸作用的電子供體來產生將碳固定成生物質能量，並把富餘的硝酸鹽留存在體內的液泡中。碳固定通過卡爾文循環和可逆克雷布斯循環發生。^[6]當缺乏硝酸鹽時，它們會動用體內的庫存。^[7]

參考

^ Thiomargarita. NCBI taxonomy. Bethesda, MD: National Center for Biotechnology Information. [29 December 2017]. （原始內容存檔於2017-12-30）（English）. Lineage( full ) cellular organisms; Bacteria; Proteobacteria; Gammaproteobacteria; Thiotrichales; Thiotrichaceae
^ Schulz, H.N., Brinkhoff, T., Ferdelman, T.G., Marine, M.H., Teske, A., Jorgensen, B.B. "Dense populations of a giant sulfur bacterium in Namibian shelf sediments." Science (1999) 284:493-495.
^ Volland, Jean-Marie; Gonzalez Rizzo, Silvina; Gros, Olivier; Tyml, Tomáš; Ivanova, Natalia; Schulz, Frederik; Goudeau, Danielle; Elisabeth, Nathalie H; Nath, Nandita; Udwary, Daniel; Malmstrom, Rex R; Guidi-Rontani, Chantal; Bolte-Kluge, Susanne; Davies, Karen M; Jean, Maïtena R; Mansot, Jean-Louis; Mouncey, Nigel J; Angert, Esther; Woyke, Tanja; Date, Shailesh V, A centimeter-long bacterium with DNA compartmentalized in membrane-bound organelles 376 (6600), Science: 1453–1458, 23 Jun 2022 [2024-02-18], （原始內容存檔於2024-01-30）
^ Salman, Verena; Amann, Rudolf; Girnth, Anne-Christin; Polerecky, Lubos; Bailey, Jake V.; Høgslund, Signe; Jessen, Gerdhard; Pantoja, Silvio; Schulz-Vogt, Heide N. A single-cell sequencing approach to the classification of large, vacuolated sulfur bacteria. Systematic and Applied Microbiology. 2011-06-01, 34 (4): 243–259. ISSN 1618-0984. PMID 21498017. doi:10.1016/j.syapm.2011.02.001.
^ Pennisi, Elizabeth. Largest bacterium ever discovered has an unexpectedly complex cell. Science. 23 February 2022 [25 February 2022]. doi:10.1126/science.ada1620. （原始內容存檔於2022-03-23）.
^ Flood, Beverly E.; Fliss, Palmer; Jones, Daniel S.; Dick, Gregory J.; Jain, Sunit; Kaster, Anne-Kristin; Winkel, Matthias; Mußmann, Marc; Bailey, Jake. Single-Cell (Meta-)Genomics of a Dimorphic Candidatus Thiomargarita nelsonii Reveals Genomic Plasticity. Frontiers in Microbiology. 2016-01-01, 7: 603. PMC 4853749 . PMID 27199933. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2016.00603 .
^ 尼克·萊恩（Nick Lane）. 复杂生命的起源. 由嚴, 曦翻譯. 貴州大學出版社. 2020: 170. ISBN 9787569103465.

[NCBI-1] Thiomargarita. NCBI taxonomy. Bethesda, MD: National Center for Biotechnology Information. [29 December 2017]. （原始內容存檔於2017-12-30）（English）. Lineage( full ) cellular organisms; Bacteria; Proteobacteria; Gammaproteobacteria; Thiotrichales; Thiotrichaceae

[Schulz-2] Schulz, H.N., Brinkhoff, T., Ferdelman, T.G., Marine, M.H., Teske, A., Jorgensen, B.B. "Dense populations of a giant sulfur bacterium in Namibian shelf sediments." Science (1999) 284:493-495.

[VollandGonzalez-RizzoGros2022n-3] Volland, Jean-Marie; Gonzalez Rizzo, Silvina; Gros, Olivier; Tyml, Tomáš; Ivanova, Natalia; Schulz, Frederik; Goudeau, Danielle; Elisabeth, Nathalie H; Nath, Nandita; Udwary, Daniel; Malmstrom, Rex R; Guidi-Rontani, Chantal; Bolte-Kluge, Susanne; Davies, Karen M; Jean, Maïtena R; Mansot, Jean-Louis; Mouncey, Nigel J; Angert, Esther; Woyke, Tanja; Date, Shailesh V, A centimeter-long bacterium with DNA compartmentalized in membrane-bound organelles 376 (6600), Science: 1453–1458, 23 Jun 2022 [2024-02-18], （原始內容存檔於2024-01-30）

[4] Salman, Verena; Amann, Rudolf; Girnth, Anne-Christin; Polerecky, Lubos; Bailey, Jake V.; Høgslund, Signe; Jessen, Gerdhard; Pantoja, Silvio; Schulz-Vogt, Heide N. A single-cell sequencing approach to the classification of large, vacuolated sulfur bacteria. Systematic and Applied Microbiology. 2011-06-01, 34 (4): 243–259. ISSN 1618-0984. PMID 21498017. doi:10.1016/j.syapm.2011.02.001.

[5] Pennisi, Elizabeth. Largest bacterium ever discovered has an unexpectedly complex cell. Science. 23 February 2022 [25 February 2022]. doi:10.1126/science.ada1620. （原始內容存檔於2022-03-23）.

[6] Flood, Beverly E.; Fliss, Palmer; Jones, Daniel S.; Dick, Gregory J.; Jain, Sunit; Kaster, Anne-Kristin; Winkel, Matthias; Mußmann, Marc; Bailey, Jake. Single-Cell (Meta-)Genomics of a Dimorphic Candidatus Thiomargarita nelsonii Reveals Genomic Plasticity. Frontiers in Microbiology. 2016-01-01, 7: 603. PMC 4853749 . PMID 27199933. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2016.00603 .

[7] 尼克·萊恩（Nick Lane）. 复杂生命的起源. 由嚴, 曦翻譯. 貴州大學出版社. 2020: 170. ISBN 9787569103465.

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