沙蝰
科學分類
界:
動物界 Animalia
門:
脊索動物門 Chordata
綱:
爬蟲綱 Reptilia
目:
有鱗目 Squamata
亞目:
蛇亞目 Serpentes
科:
蝰科 Viperidae
屬:
蝰屬 Vipera
種:
沙蝰 V. ammodytes
二名法
Vipera ammodytes
異名 [2]
Coluber Ammodytes Linnaeus, 1758
Vipera Illyrica Laurenti , 1768
Vipera ammodytes — Sonnini & Latreille , 1801
[Vipera (Echidna )] Ammodytes — Merrem , 1820
Cobra ammodytes — Fitzinger , 1826
[Pelias ] Col [uber ]. ammodytes — F. Boie , 1827
Vipera (Rhinechis ) Ammodytes — Fitzinger, 1843
V [ipera ]. (Vipera ) ammodytes — Jan , 1863
Vipera ammodytes — Eber, 1863
Vipera ammodytes — Boulenger , 1896
[Vipera ammodytes ] var. steindachneri F. Werner , 1897
Vipera ammodytes [ammodytes ] — Boulenger, 1903
Vipera ammodytes ammodytes — Zarevsky, 1915
Teleovipera ammodytes — A.F. Reuss, 1927
Vipera ammodytes ammodytes — Mertens & L. Müller , 1928
Rhinaspis illyrica litoralis A.F. Reuss, 1935
Rhinaspis illyrica velebitensis A.F. Reuss, 1935
Rhinaspis illyrica f[orma]. melanura A.F. Reuss, 1937
Vipera ammodytes ruffoi Bruno, 1968
Vipera (Rhinaspis ) ammodytes ammodytes — Obst , 1983
Vipera ammodytes — Golay et al., 1993
沙蝰 (學名:Vipera ammodytes )是蝰屬 的一種毒蛇 [3] ,分佈於南歐和巴爾幹半島、中東地區。它是歐洲最危險的一種毒蛇 [4] 。其種加詞來自希臘語,意思是「沙」(ammos)、「穴居者」(dutes),但實際上它更偏好生活在岩石間,而非沙地中[5] 。
它有五個亞種[6] ,此外一些文獻還包含有亞種V. a. ruffoi (Bruno, 1968;分佈於意大利阿爾卑斯山區),但大多數學者認為它和V. a. gregorwalineri 是V. a. ammodytes 的異名。V. a. transcaucasiana 有時也被視為一個單獨的種。[4]
全長可達95 cm(37.5英寸),但一般不超過85 cm(33.5英寸),而且其北方個體明顯比南方個體要大。其平均長度在50—70 cm(19.5—27.5英寸)之間。[7]
參考文獻 [ 編輯 ]
^ Aram Agasyan; Aziz Avci; Boris Tuniyev; Jelka Crnobrnja Isailovic; Petros Lymberakis; Claes Andrén; Dan Cogalniceanu; John Wilkinson; Natalia Ananjeva; Nazan Üzüm; et al. Vipera ammodytes . The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (IUCN ). 2009, 2009 : e.T62255A12584303. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2009.RLTS.T62255A12584303.en .
^ McDiarmid, R.W., Campbell, J.A. , Touré, T. 1999. Snake Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, Volume 1 . Herpetologists' League. 511 pp. ISBN 1-893777-00-6 (series). ISBN 1-893777-01-4 (volume).
^ Street, D. 1979. The Reptiles of Northern and Central Europe . London: B.T. Batsford Ltd. 268 pp. ISBN 0-7134-1374-3 .
^ 4.0 4.1 Mallow, D., Ludwig, D., Nilson, G. 2003. True Vipers: Natural History and Toxinology of Old World Vipers . Malabar, Florida: Krieger Publishing Company. 359 pp. ISBN 0-89464-877-2 .
^ Gotch, A.F. 1986. Reptiles – Their Latin Names Explained . Poole, UK: Blandford Press. 176 pp. ISBN 0-7137-1704-1 .
^ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Vipera ammodytes (Linnaeus, 1758) . ITIS . [26 July 2006] .
^ Strugariu, A. 2006. The European Horn-Nosed Viper 互聯網檔案館 的存檔 ,存檔日期14 October 2013.. VenomousReptiles.org.
外部連結 [ 編輯 ]
Vipera ammodytes Coluber ammodytes