菸酰胺單核苷酸

菸酰胺單核苷酸
	IUPAC名; 3-Carbamoyl-1-[5-O-(hydroxyphosphinato)-β-D-ribofuranosyl]pyridinium
別名	Nicotinamide ribonucleoside 5'-phosphate; Nicotinamide D-ribonucleotide; β-Nicotinamide ribose monophosphate; Nicotinamide nucleotide;
識別
CAS號	1094-61-7
PubChem	16219737
ChemSpider	13553
SMILES	c1cc(c[n+](c1)[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O2)COP(=O)(O)[O-])O)O)C(=O)N;
Beilstein	3570187
EINECS	214-136-5
ChEBI	16171
KEGG	C00455
性質
化學式	C11H15N2O8P
摩爾質量	334.22 g·mol−1
	若非註明，所有數據均出自標準狀態（25 ℃，100 kPa）下。

菸酰胺單核苷酸（英語：Nicotinamide Mononucleotide，縮寫「NMN」或「β-NMN」）是一種由核糖和菸酰胺衍生的核苷酸。^[1]與菸酰胺核糖苷一樣，NMN是菸酸的衍生物，人類也有利用NMN生成菸酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NADH)的酶^[1]。在小鼠中，NMN在10分鐘內通過小腸進入細胞，通過Slc12a8 NMN轉運體轉化為NAD+。^[2]

因為NADH是線粒體內過程、去乙酰酶和PARP的輔因子，NMN已經在動物模型中作為潛在的神經保護和抗衰老劑而被研究^[3]^[4]。膳食補充劑公司積極推銷NMN產品，宣傳這些好處。^[5]日本東京新宿慶應義塾大學醫學院最近的一項人體研究表明，不超過500毫克的NMN劑量對男性是安全的。^[6]

菸酰胺核苷(NR)激酶對NR和NMN的外源性利用至關重要。^[7]^[8] 當外源性給藥時，NMN必須轉化為NR才能進入細胞並被重新磷酸化回NMN。NR和NMN都易受CD38環ADP核糖水解酶的胞外降解^[8]，而CD38酶可被CD38- in -78c.等化合物抑制^[9]。

參考文獻

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 Bogan KL, Brenner C. Nicotinic acid, nicotinamide, and nicotinamide riboside: a molecular evaluation of NAD+ precursor vitamins in human nutrition. Annual Review of Nutrition. 2008, 28: 115–30. PMID 18429699. doi:10.1146/annurev.nutr.28.061807.155443.
^ Slc12a8 is a nicotinamide mononucleotide transporter. Nature. January 2019 [2021-01-05]. （原始內容存檔於2022-01-07）.
^ Brazill JM, Li C, Zhu Y, Zhai RG. + synthase… It's a chaperone… It's a neuroprotector. Current Opinion in Genetics & Development. June 2017, 44: 156–162. PMC 5515290 . PMID 28445802. doi:10.1016/j.gde.2017.03.014.
^ Long-Term Administration of Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Mitigates Age-Associated Physiological Decline in Mice. Cell Metabolism. 13 December 2016 [2021-01-05]. （原始內容存檔於2020-09-09）.
^ Stipp D. Beyond Resveratrol: The Anti-Aging NAD Fad. Scientific American Blog Network. March 11, 2015 [2021-01-05]. （原始內容存檔於2021-01-26）（英語）.
^ Irie, Junichiro; Inagaki, Emi; Fujita, Masataka; Nakaya, Hideaki; Mitsuishi, Masanori; Yamaguchi, Shintaro; Yamashita, Kazuya; Shigaki, Shuhei; Ono, Takashi; Yukioka, Hideo; Okano, Hideyuki. Effect of oral administration of nicotinamide mononucleotide on clinical parameters and nicotinamide metabolite levels in healthy Japanese men. Endocrine Journal. 2020, 67 (2): 153–160 [2021-01-05]. ISSN 0918-8959. doi:10.1507/endocrj.EJ19-0313. （原始內容存檔於2021-04-06）（英語）.
^ Fletcher RS, Lavery GG. The emergence of the nicotinamide riboside kinases in the regulation of NAD+ metabolism. Journal of Molecular Endocrinology. October 2018, 61 (3): R107–R121. PMC 6145238 . PMID 30307159. doi:10.1530/JME-18-0085.
^ ^8.0 ^8.1 Cambronne XA, Kraus WL. + Synthesis and Functions in Mammalian Cells. Trends in Biochemical Sciences. October 2020, 45 (10): 858–873 [2021-01-05]. PMC 7502477 . PMID 32595066. doi:10.1016/j.tibs.2020.05.010. （原始內容存檔於2020-10-20）.
^ Tarragó MG, Chini CC, Kanamori KS, Warner GM, Caride A, de Oliveira GC, et al. + Decline. Cell Metabolism. May 2018, 27 (5): 1081–1095.e10. PMC 5935140 . PMID 29719225. doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2018.03.016.

[Bogan2008-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Bogan KL, Brenner C. Nicotinic acid, nicotinamide, and nicotinamide riboside: a molecular evaluation of NAD+ precursor vitamins in human nutrition. Annual Review of Nutrition. 2008, 28: 115–30. PMID 18429699. doi:10.1146/annurev.nutr.28.061807.155443.

[2] Slc12a8 is a nicotinamide mononucleotide transporter. Nature. January 2019 [2021-01-05]. （原始內容存檔於2022-01-07）.

[3] Brazill JM, Li C, Zhu Y, Zhai RG. + synthase… It's a chaperone… It's a neuroprotector. Current Opinion in Genetics & Development. June 2017, 44: 156–162. PMC 5515290 . PMID 28445802. doi:10.1016/j.gde.2017.03.014.

[4] Long-Term Administration of Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Mitigates Age-Associated Physiological Decline in Mice. Cell Metabolism. 13 December 2016 [2021-01-05]. （原始內容存檔於2020-09-09）.

[5] Stipp D. Beyond Resveratrol: The Anti-Aging NAD Fad. Scientific American Blog Network. March 11, 2015 [2021-01-05]. （原始內容存檔於2021-01-26）（英語）.

[6] Irie, Junichiro; Inagaki, Emi; Fujita, Masataka; Nakaya, Hideaki; Mitsuishi, Masanori; Yamaguchi, Shintaro; Yamashita, Kazuya; Shigaki, Shuhei; Ono, Takashi; Yukioka, Hideo; Okano, Hideyuki. Effect of oral administration of nicotinamide mononucleotide on clinical parameters and nicotinamide metabolite levels in healthy Japanese men. Endocrine Journal. 2020, 67 (2): 153–160 [2021-01-05]. ISSN 0918-8959. doi:10.1507/endocrj.EJ19-0313. （原始內容存檔於2021-04-06）（英語）.

[pmid30307159-7] Fletcher RS, Lavery GG. The emergence of the nicotinamide riboside kinases in the regulation of NAD+ metabolism. Journal of Molecular Endocrinology. October 2018, 61 (3): R107–R121. PMC 6145238 . PMID 30307159. doi:10.1530/JME-18-0085.

[pmid32595066-8] 8.0 ^8.1 Cambronne XA, Kraus WL. + Synthesis and Functions in Mammalian Cells. Trends in Biochemical Sciences. October 2020, 45 (10): 858–873 [2021-01-05]. PMC 7502477 . PMID 32595066. doi:10.1016/j.tibs.2020.05.010. （原始內容存檔於2020-10-20）.

[9] Tarragó MG, Chini CC, Kanamori KS, Warner GM, Caride A, de Oliveira GC, et al. + Decline. Cell Metabolism. May 2018, 27 (5): 1081–1095.e10. PMC 5935140 . PMID 29719225. doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2018.03.016.

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