硝酸鎿(IV)

硝酸鎿(IV)
英文名	Neptunium tetranitrate
別名	四硝酸鎿
識別
CAS號	25933-55-5 ; 14644-54-3（二水）
PubChem	3015250
SMILES	[N+](=O)([O-])[O-].[N+](=O)([O-])[O-].[N+](=O)([O-])[O-].[N+](=O)([O-])[O-].[Np];
EINECS	247-352-3
性質
化學式	Np(NO3)4
摩爾質量	485.02 g·mol⁻¹
外觀	綠色晶體（二水合物）; 灰白色（1.2 N2O5合物）; 灰綠色（2.5 DMA合物）
溶解性（水）	可溶
相關物質
其他陽離子	硝酸鈈(IV)
	若非註明，所有數據均出自標準狀態（25 ℃，100 kPa）下。

硝酸鎿(IV)是一種無機化合物，化學式為Np(NO₃)₄。它是易溶於水的晶體，可以形成水合物。^[3]

製備

硝酸鎿(IV)可由新制的氫氧化鎿(IV)和稀硝酸反應製得：^[4]

{\mathsf {Np(OH)_{4}+4HNO_{3}\ {\xrightarrow {}}\ Np(NO_{3})_{4}+4H_{2}O}}

性質

硝酸鎿(IV)在溶液中為黃綠色，在酸性環境（1.3 N HNO₃）中，它可以被甲醛次硫酸氫鈉或單鹽酸肼還原為Np³⁺而顯亮黃色。^[5]它也可以被Pu(IV)氧化為Np(V)。^[6]

它可以在水溶液中被磷酸三丁酯萃取，^[7]溶液中存在硝酸時體系無明顯反應，但加熱時經NpO₂⁺氧化至NpO₂²⁺。^[8]

它可以和二甲基乙酰胺、二甲基亞碸等配體形成配合物，也能和硝酸根形成配陰離子[Np(NO₃)₆]²⁻。^[1]

用途

硝酸鎿(IV)和鈾、鈈的硝酸鹽混合溶液與水合肼反應，可以製備混合二氧化物(U, Np, Pu)O₂，以用於快中子反應堆。^[6]

參考文獻

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 Ahrland, S.; Bagnall, K.W.; Brown, D. The Chemistry of the Actinides: Comprehensive Inorganic Chemistry. Elsevier Science. 2016: 292 [2021-08-18]. ISBN 978-1-4831-5934-8. （原始內容存檔於2021-08-18）（英語）.
^ Laidler, J. B. Neptunium nitrates. Journal of the Chemical Society A: Inorganic, Physical, Theoretical (Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)). 1966: 780. ISSN 0022-4944. doi:10.1039/j19660000780 （英語）.
^ Alian, A.; Haggag, A. Amine extraction and determination of activity coefficients of neptunium and plutonium nitrates. Journal of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry. 1 May 1967, 29 (5): 1355–1363 [17 August 2021]. ISSN 0022-1902. doi:10.1016/0022-1902(67)80378-6. （原始內容存檔於2021-08-17）（英語）.
^ Seaborg, Glenn Theodore. The Transuranium Elements: Research Papers. McGraw-Hill. 1949: 1102 [17 August 2021]. （原始內容存檔於2022-02-19）（英語）.
^ Gel'man, A. D.; Mefod'eva, M. P. The preparation of trivalent neptunium. Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR. 1957, 117: 225–226. ISSN 0002-3264 （俄語）.
^ ^6.0 ^6.1 Kulyako, Y. M.; Perevalov, S. A.; Trofimov, T. I.; Malikov, D. A.; Vinokurov, S. E.; Samsonov, M. D.; Myasoedov, B. F.; Fedoseev, A. M.; Bessonov, A. A.; Shadrin, A. Y. UO2, NpO2 and PuO2 preparation in aqueous nitrate solutions in the presence of hydrazine hydrate. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry (Springer Science and Business Media LLC). 2013-12-05, 299 (3): 1293–1298. ISSN 0236-5731. doi:10.1007/s10967-013-2756-8 （英語）.
^ Hesford, E.; McKay, H. A. C. The extraction of nitrates by tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP). Part 3.—Extraction at trace concentrations. Trans. Faraday Soc. (Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)). 1958, 54 (0): 573–586. ISSN 0014-7672. doi:10.1039/tf9585400573 （英語）.
^ Koltunov, V. S; Taylor, R. J.; Savilova, O. A.; Zhuravleva, G. I.; Denniss, I. S.; Wallwork, A. L. Kinetics and Mechanism of the Oxidation of Neptunium(IV) by Nitric Acid in Tributyl Phosphate Solution. ract (Walter de Gruyter GmbH). 1997-01-01, 76 (1-2): 45–54. ISSN 2193-3405. doi:10.1524/ract.1997.76.12.45 （英語）.

拓展閱讀

Horner, D. E. Plutonium Extraction from Nitrate and Sulfate Solutions by Amines and Organophosphorus Compounds. Oak Ridge National Laboratory. 1961: 17 [2021-08-17]. （原始內容存檔於2022-02-19）（英語）.
Ikeda-Ohno, Atsushi; Hennig, Christoph; Rossberg, André; Funke, Harald; Scheinost, Andreas C.; Bernhard, Gert; Yaita, Tsuyoshi. Electrochemical and Complexation Behavior of Neptunium in Aqueous Perchlorate and Nitrate Solutions. Inorganic Chemistry. 15 September 2008, 47 (18): 8294–8305 [2021-08-17]. ISSN 0020-1669. doi:10.1021/ic8009095. （原始內容存檔於2021-08-17）（英語）.
Guillaume, B.; Moulin, J.P.; Maurice, Ch. Chemical Properties Of Neptunium Applied To Neptunium Management In Extraction Cycles Of Purex Process (PDF). 1984-11-27~29 [2021-08-17]. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2021-08-17）（英語）. 請檢查|date=中的日期值 (幫助)

[Ahrland-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Ahrland, S.; Bagnall, K.W.; Brown, D. The Chemistry of the Actinides: Comprehensive Inorganic Chemistry. Elsevier Science. 2016: 292 [2021-08-18]. ISBN 978-1-4831-5934-8. （原始內容存檔於2021-08-18）（英語）.

[2] Laidler, J. B. Neptunium nitrates. Journal of the Chemical Society A: Inorganic, Physical, Theoretical (Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)). 1966: 780. ISSN 0022-4944. doi:10.1039/j19660000780 （英語）.

[3] Alian, A.; Haggag, A. Amine extraction and determination of activity coefficients of neptunium and plutonium nitrates. Journal of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry. 1 May 1967, 29 (5): 1355–1363 [17 August 2021]. ISSN 0022-1902. doi:10.1016/0022-1902(67)80378-6. （原始內容存檔於2021-08-17）（英語）.

[4] Seaborg, Glenn Theodore. The Transuranium Elements: Research Papers. McGraw-Hill. 1949: 1102 [17 August 2021]. （原始內容存檔於2022-02-19）（英語）.

[5] Gel'man, A. D.; Mefod'eva, M. P. The preparation of trivalent neptunium. Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR. 1957, 117: 225–226. ISSN 0002-3264 （俄語）.

[Kulyako-6] 6.0 ^6.1 Kulyako, Y. M.; Perevalov, S. A.; Trofimov, T. I.; Malikov, D. A.; Vinokurov, S. E.; Samsonov, M. D.; Myasoedov, B. F.; Fedoseev, A. M.; Bessonov, A. A.; Shadrin, A. Y. UO2, NpO2 and PuO2 preparation in aqueous nitrate solutions in the presence of hydrazine hydrate. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry (Springer Science and Business Media LLC). 2013-12-05, 299 (3): 1293–1298. ISSN 0236-5731. doi:10.1007/s10967-013-2756-8 （英語）.

[7] Hesford, E.; McKay, H. A. C. The extraction of nitrates by tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP). Part 3.—Extraction at trace concentrations. Trans. Faraday Soc. (Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)). 1958, 54 (0): 573–586. ISSN 0014-7672. doi:10.1039/tf9585400573 （英語）.

[8] Koltunov, V. S; Taylor, R. J.; Savilova, O. A.; Zhuravleva, G. I.; Denniss, I. S.; Wallwork, A. L. Kinetics and Mechanism of the Oxidation of Neptunium(IV) by Nitric Acid in Tributyl Phosphate Solution. ract (Walter de Gruyter GmbH). 1997-01-01, 76 (1-2): 45–54. ISSN 2193-3405. doi:10.1524/ract.1997.76.12.45 （英語）.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

閱論編鎿化合物
鎿(III)	NpF₃ NpCl₃ NpBr₃ NpI₃
鎿(IV)	NpF₄ NpCl₄ NpBr₄ NpO₂ Np(C₈H₈)₂ Np(C₅H₅)₃Cl
鎿(V)	NpF₅
鎿(VI)	NpF₆ NpO₂(NO₃)₂