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操演性

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操演性（英語：Performativity），或譯作表演性、展演性，是指語言作為社會行為形式發揮作用、產生效果的術語。[1] 操演性，在人類學、社會地理學、文化地理學、經濟學、性別研究、法學、語言學、戲劇理論、表演研究、歷史、管理學和哲學等不同領域有多種應用與定義。

術語，來自語言哲學家約翰·奧斯丁的言語行為理論。奧斯丁提到了一種特別的能力：通過言語和交流，來採取行動，或達成某項行動。奧斯丁將其與陳述敘說（英語：constative utterance）區分開來，稱為操演敘說（英語：performative utterance）。奧斯丁定義陳述敘說為可以「評估為真或假」的語句。而操演敘說[註 1]的常見例子，有：承諾、打賭、舉行婚禮、示威者宣佈罷工、或法官宣佈裁決。 [1]

受奧斯汀影響，性別研究哲學家朱迪思·巴特勒認為，性別是通過日常的言語行為和非語言行為在社會上構建的，有助於定義和維持身份。[2] 這種性別操演性的觀點顛覆了身份是言語、手勢等次生行為的原因。相反，性別操演性將行動、行為和手勢也視為是形成個人身份的原因，而不只是結果，而個人身份在不斷通過言語行為和象徵性交流中得到重新定義。[1] 巴特勒的此觀點也受到了傅柯、阿圖塞等哲學家的影響。[3]

參考

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註

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  1. ^ 或翻作「踐行敘說」、「展演敘說」等

註腳

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  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Cavanaugh, Jillian R. Performativity. Anthropology. 10 March 2015 [10 October 2017]. doi:10.1093/OBO/9780199766567-0114. （原始內容存檔於2023-03-21）. 
  2. ^ Butler, Judith. Gender Trouble. New York: Routledge. 1990. 
  3. ^ Cultural Studies and Discourse Analysis – Barker & Galasinski

延伸閱讀

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  • Boldyrev, Ivan and Svetlova, Ekaterina. 2016. Enacting Dismal Science: New Perspectives on the Performativity of Economics. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
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  • Butler, Judith. 2000. "Critically Queer", in Identity: A Reader. London: Sage Publications.
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  • Callon, Michel. 1998. "Introduction: the Embeddedness of Economic Markets in Economics". In M. Callon (ed.), The Laws of the Markets. Oxford: Blackwell.
  • Derrida, Jacques. 1971. "Signature, Event, Context", in Limited, inc., Evanston: Northwestern Univ. Press, 1988.
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  • Felluga, Dino. "Modules on Butler". Retrieved on 10/30/06 from Modules on Butler II: Performativity （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）.
  • Felman, Shoshana. 1980/2003. The Scandal of the Speaking Body: Don Juan With J.L. Austin, or Seduction in Two Languages. Translated by Catherine Porter. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
  • Garfinkel, Harold. 1967. Studies in Ethnomethodology. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
  • Goffman, Erving. 1959. The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life. Garden City, NY: Anchor.
  • Glass, Michael & Rose-Redwood, Reuben. 2014. Performativity, Politics, and the Production of Social Space. New York: Routledge.
  • Goffman, Erving. 1976. "Gender Display" and "Gender Commercials." Gender Advertisements. New York: Harper and Row.
  • Goffman, Erving. 1983. "Frame Analysis of Talk." The Goffman Reader, Lemert and Branaman, eds., Blackwell, 1997.
  • Green, Adam Isaiah. 2007. "Queer Theory and Sociology: Locating the Subject and the Self in Sexuality Studies." Sociological Theory 25.1: 26–45.
  • Hall, Stuart. 2000. "Who Needs Identity?" In Identity: A Reader. London: Sage Publications.
  • Hawkes, David. 2020. The Reign of Anti-logos: Performance in Postmodernity (Palgrave Insights into Apocalypse Economics), London and New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Kessler, Suzanne, and Wendy McKenna. 1978. Gender: An Ethnomethodological Approach. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • Kulick, Don. No. Language & Communication. April 2003, 23 (2): 139–151. doi:10.1016/S0271-5309(02)00043-5.  Pdf.
  • Lloyd, Moya. 1999. "Performativity, Parody, Politics", Theory, Culture & Society, 16(2), 195–213.
  • Matynia, Elzbieta. 2009. Performative Democracy. Boulder: Paradigm.
  • Membretti, Andrea. 2009. "Per un uso performativo delle immagini nella ricerca-azione sociale", Lo Squaderno n.12 (http://www.losquaderno.professionaldreamers.net/?p=1101 （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）)
  • McKenzie, Jon. "Perform or Else: From Discipline to Performance." London: Routledge, 2001.
  • McKenzie, Jon, Heike Roms, and C. J. Wan-ling. Wee. "Contesting Performance: Global Sites of Research." Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010.
  • Muñoz, Performing Disidentifications. Disidentifications: Queers of Color and the Performance of Politics. 1999.
  • Oliver, Kelly. 2003. "What Is Transformative about the Performative? From Repetition to Working Through." In Ann Cahill and Jennifer Hansen, eds., Continental Feminism Reader.
  • Parker and Sedgwick, Introduction: Performativity and Performance. Performativity and Performance. 1995.
  • Pickering, Andrew. 1995. The Mangle of Practice: Time, Agency and Science. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • Robinson, Douglas. 2003. Performative Linguistics: Speaking and Translating as Doing Things With Words. London and New York: Routledge.
  • Robinson, Douglas. 2006. Introducing Performative Pragmatics. London and New York: Routledge.
  • Roudavski, Stanislav. 2008. Staging Places as Performances: Creative Strategies for Architecture （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館） (PhD, University of Cambridge)
  • Rosaldo, Michele. 1980. The things we do with words: Ilongot speech acts and speech act theory in philosophy. Language in Society 11: 203–237.
  • Searle, John. 1969. "Speech Acts: An Essay in the Philosophy of Language （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）". Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Sedgwick, Eve Kosovsky. 2003. Touching Feeling: Affect, Pedagogy, Performativity. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
  • West, Candace and Don Zimmerman. 1987. "Doing Gender." Gender and Society 1.2: 121–151.
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