棘山蚁属
棘山蚁属
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| Polyrhachis gracilior | |
科学分类 
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| 界： | 动物界 Animalia |
| 门： | 节肢动物门 Arthropoda |
| 纲： | 昆虫纲 Insecta |
| 目： | 膜翅目 Hymenoptera |
| 科： | 蚁科 Formicidae |
| 亚科： | 蚁亚科 Formicinae |
| 属： | 棘山蚁属 Polyrhachis |
| 模式种 | |
| Formica bihamata | |
| 亚属 | |
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| 多样性[1] | |
| 702 种 | |
| 异名 | |
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Cephalomyrma Karavaiev, 1935 | |
棘山蚁属（Polyrhachis）为山蚁亚科下的属，主要分布于旧世界。共 701 个现生物种及 1 个化石物种[2]。该属还未被完整地整理过，因此包含很多习性迥异的物种，如织叶（如双齿多刺蚁Polyrhachis dives ）、游泳（如Polyrhachis sokolova ）、土栖（如Polyrhachis proxima ）、树栖（如Polyrhachis bicolor ）。
形态描述[编辑]
工蚁体长 5 - 10 毫米。具有复眼，无单眼。触角 12 节。触角着生处紧邻头楯后缘。有些物种中躯生有一个以上的棘，位于前胸背板、中胸背板或前伸腹节上。腹柄节生有棘或齿。第一腹垂节背板发达，从背面观其长度长于其他腹垂节背板总和。腹垂节尖端有开口可用于释放蚁酸，开口周围没有毛[3]。
生态[编辑]
棘山蚁筑巢习性多样，地栖、土栖、树栖都有。有些物种会利用幼虫的丝筑巢，这种行为类似织叶蚁属。
棘山蚁没有螫针，但他们有酸孔可以释放蚁酸，攻击时会先用大颚咬住敌人再释放蚁酸。棘山蚁没有后胸侧板腺，它们可能是用蚁酸来抵抗微生物，当无法使用蚁酸时，棘山蚁比较会受到微生物感染[4]。有些物种行社会性寄生，如Polyrachis lemalidens，Polyrachis lemalidens 栖息于朝鲜半岛、中国和东北亚，于 9 月底至 12 月底婚飞，具体时间依气候而异。婚飞后蚁后会脱掉翅膀并寻找宿主，宿主通常为日本巨山蚁，但在朝鲜半岛主要宿主为 Camponotus atrox ，韩国的蚂蚁饲养者说 Polyrachis lemalidens 也会接受日本山蚁和 Camponotus quadrinotatus 作为宿主。找到宿主后，Polyrachis lemalidens 会攻击小工蚁并“复制”费洛蒙，重复好几次后，Polyrachis lemalidens 会潜入宿主的巢穴并进入蚁后所在的巢腔，它会咬住蚁后的后颈并吸取蚁后的血体液，还有“复制”费洛蒙，最后咬断宿主蚁后的脖子，整个过程需时 2 - 4 天，有时候可持续超过两个礼拜。Polyrachis lemalidens 寄生的过程和其他行社会寄生的物种大同小异。
下属物种[编辑]
本属包括以下物种：[5]
- Polyrhachis abbreviata
- Polyrhachis (Aulacomyrma) abdita
- Polyrhachis abdominalis
- Polyrhachis abnormis Donisthorpe, 1948
- Polyrhachis abrupta Mayr, 1867
- Polyrhachis aciculatus
- Polyrhachis aculeata Mayr, 1879
- Polyrhachis aedipus Forel, 1893
- Polyrhachis aenescens Stitz, 1910
- Polyrhachis aerope Wheeler, 1922
- Polyrhachis affinis
- Polyrhachis agesilas Forel, 1913
- Polyrhachis albertisi Emery, 1887
- Polyrhachis alexandri Karavaiev, 1906
- Polyrhachis alexisi Forel, 1916
- Polyrhachis alluaudi Emery, 1892
- Polyrhachis alphea Smith, 1863
- Polyrhachis alphena Smith, 1860
- Polyrhachis amana Smith, 1861
- Polyrhachis ammon (Fabricius, 1775)
- Polyrhachis ammonoeides Roger, 1863
- 安德森多刺蚁 Polyrhachis anderseni
- Polyrhachis andrei Emery, 1921
- Polyrhachis andromache Roger, 1863
- Polyrhachis angusta Forel, 1902
- Polyrhachis annae Mann, 1919
- Polyrhachis annosus Wappler et al., 2009
- Polyrhachis (Aulacomyrma) annulata
- Polyrhachis antennata Viehmeyer, 1912
- Polyrhachis antinorii
- Polyrhachis antoniae Stitz, 1911
- Polyrhachis appendiculata Emery, 1893
- Polyrhachis arachne Emery, 1896
- Polyrhachis arcuata (Le Guillou, 1842)
- Polyrhachis arcuspinosa
- Polyrhachis argenteosignata Emery, 1900
- Polyrhachis argenteus Mayr, 1862
- Polyrhachis argentosa Forel, 1902
- 阿玛多刺蚁 Polyrhachis armata (Le Guillou, 1842)
- Polyrhachis arnoldi Forel, 1914
- Polyrhachis asomaningi Bolton, 1973
- Polyrhachis aspasia Forel, 1911
- Polyrhachis (Myrma) atalanta
- Polyrhachis atossa Forel, 1913
- Polyrhachis atropos Smith, 1860
- Polyrhachis atrovirens Emery, 1900
- Polyrhachis aurea Mayr, 1876
- Polyrhachis aureovestita Donisthorpe, 1937
- Polyrhachis aurichalceus
- Polyrhachis auriformis Donisthorpe, 1943
- Polyrhachis aurita Emery, 1911
- 澳洲多刺蚁 Polyrhachis australis Mayr, 1870
- 巴卡多刺蚁 Polyrhachis bakana Xu, 1998
- Polyrhachis bakeri Viehmeyer, 1916
- Polyrhachis bamaga Kohout, 1990
- Polyrhachis banghaasi Viehmeyer, 1922
- Polyrhachis barretti Clark, 1928
- Polyrhachis basirufa Emery, 1900
- Polyrhachis batesi Forel, 1911
- Polyrhachis beauforti Emery, 1911
- Polyrhachis beccarii Mayr, 1872
- Polyrhachis (Aulacomyrma) bedeloweryi
- Polyrhachis bedoti Forel, 1902
- Polyrhachis bellicosa Smith, 1859
- Polyrhachis (Myrma) bequaerti
- 双色多刺蚁 Polyrhachis bicolor Smith, 1858
- 双钩多刺蚁 Polyrhachis bihamata (Drury, 1773)
- Polyrhachis binghamii Forel, 1893
- Polyrhachis biroi Forel, 1907
- Polyrhachis bispinosus
- Polyrhachis boltoni
- Polyrhachis bouvieri Santschi, 1928
- Polyrhachis braxa Bolton, 1973
- Polyrhachis (Aulacomyrma) breviata
- 短胸多刺蚁 Polyrhachis brevicorpa Xu, 2002
- Polyrhachis brevinoda
- Polyrhachis brevipilosa
- Polyrhachis bubala Stitz, 1925
- Polyrhachis bubastes Smith, 1863
- Polyrhachis bugnioni Forel, 1908
- Polyrhachis burmanensis Donisthorpe, 1938
- Polyrhachis busiris
- Polyrhachis caeciliae Forel, 1912
- Polyrhachis cafrorum Forel
- Polyrhachis calabarica For.
- Polyrhachis calliope Emery, 1900
- Polyrhachis calypso Forel, 1911
- Polyrhachis campbelli
- Polyrhachis carbonaria Smith, 1857
- Polyrhachis carinata (Fabricius, 1804)
- Polyrhachis castaneiventris Smith, 1858
- Polyrhachis caulomma Viehmeyer, 1914
- Polyrhachis cedarensis Forel, 1915
- Polyrhachis cephalotes Emery, 1893
- Polyrhachis ceramensis Mayr, 1883
- Polyrhachis chalybea Smith, 1857
- Polyrhachis chaonia
- Polyrhachis charaxa Smith, 1860
- Polyrhachis chartifex Emery, 1900
- Polyrhachis cheesmanae Donisthorpe, 1937
- Polyrhachis cingula Donisthorpe, 1947
- Polyrhachis circumdata Viehmeyer, 1913
- Polyrhachis clarkei Donisthorpe, 1949
- Polyrhachis cleopatra Forel, 1902
- Polyrhachis cleophanes Smith, 1861
- Polyrhachis clio Forel, 1902
- Polyrhachis clotho Forel, 1902
- Polyrhachis clypeatus Mayr
- Polyrhachis coerulescens Emery, 1897
- Polyrhachis compressicornis Smith, 1860
- Polyrhachis concava Andre, 1889
- Polyrhachis confusa Wong & Guénard, 2021
- Polyrhachis conops Forel, 1901
- Polyrhachis consimilis Smith, 1858
- Polyrhachis constricta Emery, 1897
- Polyrhachis constructor Smith, 1857
- Polyrhachis contemta Mayr, 1876
- Polyrhachis continua Emery, 1887
- 凸颊多刺蚁 Polyrhachis convexa Roger, 1863
- Polyrhachis cornata
- 方肩多刺蚁 Polyrhachis cornihumera Xu, 2002
- Polyrhachis cornuta Stitz, 1910
- Polyrhachis coronata Santschi, 1928
- Polyrhachis craddocki Bingham, 1903
- Polyrhachis crassispinosa Viehmeyer, 1914
- Polyrhachis crawleyi Forel, 1916
- Polyrhachis creusa Emery, 1897
- Polyrhachis croceiventris Emery, 1900
- Polyrhachis cryptoceroides Emery, 1887
- Polyrhachis cubaensis Mayr, 1862
- Polyrhachis cupreata Emery, 1895
- Polyrhachis curta Emery, 1890
- Polyrhachis cuspidatus
- Polyrhachis cyaneus
- 青腹多刺蚁 Polyrhachis cyaniventris Smith, 1858
- 驼背多刺蚁 Polyrhachis cyphonota Xu, 1998
- Polyrhachis cyrtomyrmoides Donisthorpe, 1947
- Polyrhachis cyrus Forel, 1901
- Polyrhachis daemeli Mayr, 1876
- Polyrhachis dahlii Forel, 1901
- Polyrhachis danum
- Polyrhachis daphne Wheeler, 1919
- Polyrhachis davydovi Karavaiev, 1927
- 德比利多刺蚁 Polyrhachis debilis Emery, 1887
- Polyrhachis decellei Bolton, 1973
- Polyrhachis decemdentata Andre, 1889
- Polyrhachis decemdentate
- Polyrhachis decipiens Roger, 1863
- Polyrhachis decora
- Polyrhachis defensus
- Polyrhachis delicata Crawley, 1915
- 德曼多刺蚁 Polyrhachis demangei Santschi, 1910
- Polyrhachis democles
- Polyrhachis dentata Donisthorpe, 1947
- Polyrhachis denticulata Karavaiev, 1927
- 齿肩多刺蚁 Polyrhachis dentihumera Xu, 2002
- Polyrhachis derecyna Smith, 1871
- Polyrhachis diana Wheeler, 1909
- Polyrhachis diaphanta Smith, 1861
- Polyrhachis diotima Forel, 1911
- Polyrhachis distincta Karavaiev, 1927
- 双齿多刺蚁（拟黑多刺蚁） Polyrhachis dives Smith, 1857
- Polyrhachis doddi Donisthorpe, 1938
- Polyrhachis dohrni Forel, 1901
- Polyrhachis dolichocephala Viehmeyer, 1914
- Polyrhachis dolomedes Smith, 1863
- 背皱多刺蚁 Polyrhachis dorsorugosa Forel, 1913
- Polyrhachis doudou
- Polyrhachis dubia
- Polyrhachis durbanensis Forel, 1914
- Polyrhachis durvillei Donisthorpe, 1938
- Polyrhachis edwardi Donisthorpe, 1948
- Polyrhachis elii Emery, 1900
- Polyrhachis emeryana Mann, 1919
- Polyrhachis emmae Santschi, 1920
- Polyrhachis epinotalis Santschi
- Polyrhachis equina Smith, 1857
- Polyrhachis erato Forel, 1902
- Polyrhachis eremita Kohout, 1990
- Polyrhachis erosispina Emery, 1900
- Polyrhachis esarata Bolton, 1973
- Polyrhachis escherichi Viehmeyer, 1914
- Polyrhachis etheli Chapman, 1963
- Polyrhachis eudora Smith, 1860
- Polyrhachis euryala Smith, 1863
- Polyrhachis eurynota Emery, 1897
- Polyrhachis eurytus
- Polyrhachis euterpe Forel, 1902
- 直刺多刺蚁 Polyrhachis euthiacaena Zhou et Zheng, 1997
- Polyrhachis exarata Emery, 1887
- Polyrhachis exasperatus
- Polyrhachis excellens Viehmeyer, 1912
- Polyrhachis excisa Mayr, 1867
- Polyrhachis excitata Viehmeyer, 1913
- Polyrhachis exercita (Walker, 1859)
- Polyrhachis exotica Kohout, 1987
- Polyrhachis fellowesi Wong & Guénard, 2021
- Polyrhachis femorata Smith, 1858
- Polyrhachis fervens Smith, 1860
- Polyrhachis fissa Mayr, 1902
- Polyrhachis flavibasis Clark, 1930
- Polyrhachis flavicornis Smith, 1857
- Polyrhachis flavoflagellata Karavaiev, 1927
- Polyrhachis follicula Menozzi, 1926
- Polyrhachis foreli Kohout, 1989
- Polyrhachis fornicata Emery, 1900
- Polyrhachis fortis Emery, 1893
- Polyrhachis frauenfeldi Mayr, 1862
- Polyrhachis fruhstorferi Emery, 1898
- Polyrhachis fulgens Viehmeyer, 1912
- 叉多刺蚁 Polyrhachis furcata Smith, 1858
- Polyrhachis furcula Emery, 1911
- Polyrhachis fuscipes Mayr, 1862
- Polyrhachis gab Forel, 1879
- Polyrhachis gagates Smith, 1858
- Polyrhachis gamaii Santschi, 1917
- Polyrhachis geminata Mann, 1919
- Polyrhachis (Aulacomyrma) gentilis
- Polyrhachis geometrica Smith, 1859
- Polyrhachis gerstaeckeri Forel
- Polyrhachis gestroi Emery, 1900
- Polyrhachis gibba Emery, 1901
- Polyrhachis gibbula
- Polyrhachis glabrinota Clark, 1930
- Polyrhachis glykera Forel, 1912
- Polyrhachis gracilior Forel, 1893
- Polyrhachis grandis Donisthorpe, 1949
- Polyrhachis gravis Clark, 1930
- Polyrhachis greensladei Kohout, 1990
- Polyrhachis (Aulacomyrma) gressitti
- Polyrhachis gribodoi Emery, 1887
- Polyrhachis guerini Roger, 1863
- 哈氏多刺蚁 Polyrhachis halidayi Emery, 1889
- Polyrhachis halmaheirae
- Polyrhachis hastata (Latreille, 1802)
- Polyrhachis hauxwelli Bingham, 1903
- Polyrhachis hector Smith, 1857
- Polyrhachis heinlethii Forel, 1895
- Polyrhachis hemiopticoides Mukerjee, 1930
- Polyrhachis hera Forel, 1911
- Polyrhachis hermione Emery, 1895
- Polyrhachis hexacantha (Erichson, 1842)
- 锡兰多刺蚁 Polyrhachis hippomanes Smith, 1861
- Polyrhachis hirsuta Mayr, 1876
- Polyrhachis hirta Viehmeyer, 1914
- Polyrhachis hodgsoni Forel, 1902
- Polyrhachis hookeri Lowne, 1865
- Polyrhachis horacei Hung, 1967
- Polyrhachis horni Emery, 1901
- Polyrhachis hostilis Smith, 1859
- Polyrhachis hunggeuk Wong & Guénard, 2021
- Polyrhachis hungi Bolton, 1974
- Polyrhachis ignota Kohout, 1987
- 梅氏刺蚁 Polyrhachis illaudata Walker, 1859
- Polyrhachis (Aulacomyrma) impressa
- Polyrhachis inclusa Viehmeyer, 1912
- Polyrhachis inconspicua Emery, 1887
- Polyrhachis indificans (Jerdon, 1851)
- Polyrhachis inermis Smith, 1858
- Polyrhachis insularis Emery, 1887
- Polyrhachis inusitata Kohout, 1989
- Polyrhachis io Forel, 1915
- Polyrhachis isacantha Emery, 1887
- Polyrhachis ithona Smith, 1860
- Polyrhachis jacksoniana Roger, 1863
- Polyrhachis jacobsoni Forel, 1909
- Polyrhachis jerdonii Forel, 1892
- 江华多刺蚁 Polyrhachis jianghuaensis Wang & Wu, 1991
- Polyrhachis jurii Karavaiev, 1935
- Polyrhachis kaipi Mann, 1919
- Polyrhachis karawaiewi Santschi, 1928
- Polyrhachis keratifera Karavaiev, 1927
- Polyrhachis (Hedomyrma) kershawi
- Polyrhachis khepra Bolton, 1973
- Polyrhachis kohli Forel
- Polyrhachis (Aulacomyrma) kokoda
- Polyrhachis labella Smith, 1860
- Polyrhachis laboriosa Smith, 1858
- Polyrhachis lachesis Forel, 1897
- Polyrhachis laciniata Emery, 1900
- Polyrhachis lacteipennis Smith, 1858
- Polyrhachis laevigata Smith, 1857
- Polyrhachis laevissima Smith, 1858
- Polyrhachis lama Kohout, 1994
- 赤胸多刺蚁 Polyrhachis lamellidens Smith, 1874
- Polyrhachis laminata Mayr, 1867
- Polyrhachis lanuginosa Santschi, 1910
- Polyrhachis lata Emery, 1895
- Polyrhachis latharis Bolton, 1973
- Polyrhachis latifrons
- Polyrhachis latinota Viehmeyer, 1912
- Polyrhachis latispina Emery, 1925
- 侧多刺蚁 Polyrhachis latona Wheeler, 1909
- Polyrhachis latreillei (Guérin-Méneville, 1838)
- Polyrhachis lauta Santschi, 1910
- Polyrhachis leae Forel, 1913
- Polyrhachis leonidas Forel, 1901
- Polyrhachis leopoldi Santschi, 1932
- Polyrhachis lepida
- Polyrhachis lestoni Bolton, 1973
- Polyrhachis levior Roger, 1863
- Polyrhachis lilianae Forel, 1911
- Polyrhachis limbata Emery, 1897
- Polyrhachis limitis Santschi, 1939
- Polyrhachis linae Donisthorpe, 1938
- Polyrhachis lombokensis Emery, 1898
- Polyrhachis longipes Smith, 1859
- Polyrhachis longipilosa [6]
- Polyrhachis longiseta
- Polyrhachis loriai Emery, 1897
- Polyrhachis loweryi Kohout, 1990
- Polyrhachis lownei Forel, 1895
- Polyrhachis lucens Donisthorpe, 1947
- 光亮多刺蚁 Polyrhachis lucidula Emery, 1893
- Polyrhachis luctuosa Emery, 1921
- Polyrhachis lugens Mayr, 1867
- Polyrhachis (Aulacomyrma) lumi
- Polyrhachis luteipes
- Polyrhachis lycidas Smith, 1861
- Polyrhachis lydiae Forel, 1902
- Polyrhachis (Aulacomyrma) maai
- Polyrhachis machaon Santschi, 1920
- Polyrhachis mackayi Donisthorpe, 1938
- Polyrhachis macropa Wheeler, 1916
- Polyrhachis maculata Forel, 1915
- Polyrhachis magnifica Menozzi, 1926
- Polyrhachis malaensis Mann, 1919
- Polyrhachis malignus
- Polyrhachis (Aulacomyrma) mamba
- Polyrhachis marginata Smith, 1859
- 梅氏多刺蚁 Polyrhachis mayri Roger, 1859
- Polyrhachis medusa Forel, 1897
- Polyrhachis (Myrma) medusae
- Polyrhachis melpomene Emery, 1897
- Polyrhachis menelas Forel, 1904
- Polyrhachis menozzii Karavaiev, 1927
- Polyrhachis merops
- 哀愁棘山蚁 Polyrhachis mesota Emery, 1887
- Polyrhachis metella Smith, 1860
- Polyrhachis micans Mayr, 1876
- Polyrhachis militaris (Fabricius, 1782)
- Polyrhachis mindanaensis Emery, 1923
- Polyrhachis (Aulacomyrma) minima
- Polyrhachis mitrata Menozzi, 1932
- Polyrhachis mjobergi Forel, 1915
- Polyrhachis mkomaziae Taylor & McGavin, 2020
- Polyrhachis modesta Smith, 1857
- Polyrhachis moeschi Forel, 1912
- 迈氏多刺蚁 Polyrhachis moesta Emery, 1887
- Polyrhachis mondoi Donisthorpe, 1938
- Polyrhachis monista Santschi, 1910
- Polyrhachis montana Hung, 1970
- Polyrhachis monteithi
- Polyrhachis (Aulacomyrma) monticola
- Polyrhachis mucronata Smith, 1859
- Polyrhachis muelleri Forel, 1893
- 墙多刺蚁 Polyrhachis murina Emery, 1893
- Polyrhachis mutatus
- Polyrhachis mutiliae
- Polyrhachis mystica Karavaiev, 1927
- Polyrhachis neptunus Smith, 1865
- Polyrhachis nidificans
- Polyrhachis niger
- Polyrhachis nigra Mayr, 1862
- Polyrhachis nigrescens Karavaiev, 1927
- Polyrhachis nigriceps Smith, 1863
- Polyrhachis nigriseta
- Polyrhachis nigrita Mayr, 1895
- Polyrhachis nigropilosa Mayr, 1872
- Polyrhachis nitens Donisthorpe, 1943
- Polyrhachis nitida Smith, 1857
- Polyrhachis noesaensis
- Polyrhachis nofra Bolton, 1975
- Polyrhachis nudata Smith, 1860
- Polyrhachis numeria Smith, 1861
- Polyrhachis obesior
- Polyrhachis obscura Forel, 1895
- Polyrhachis (Cyrtomyrma) obsidiana Karawajew, 1927
- Polyrhachis obtusa Emery, 1897
- Polyrhachis ochracea Karavaiev, 1927
- Polyrhachis oedacantha Wheeler, 1919
- Polyrhachis olena Smith, 1861
- Polyrhachis olybria Forel, 1912
- Polyrhachis omissa
- Polyrhachis omyrmex (Donisthorpe, 1938)
- Polyrhachis opalescens Clark, 1930
- Polyrhachis ops Forel, 1907
- 圆肩多刺蚁 Polyrhachis orbihumera Xu, 2002
- Polyrhachis ornata Mayr, 1876
- Polyrhachis (Aulacomyrma) orokana
- Polyrhachis orpheus Forel, 1911
- Polyrhachis orsylla Smith, 1861
- Polyrhachis osae Mann, 1919
- Polyrhachis osiris Bolton, 1975
- Polyrhachis otleti Forel, 1916
- Polyrhachis pallescens Mayr, 1876
- Polyrhachis pallipes Donisthorpe, 1948
- Polyrhachis pandarus
- Polyrhachis parabiotica Chapman, 1963
- 拟弓刺蚁 Polyrhachis paracamponota Wang & Wu, 1991
- Polyrhachis paromala Smith, 1863
- Polyrhachis (Aulacomyrma) parva
- Polyrhachis patiens Santschi, 1920
- Polyrhachis paxilla Smith, 1863
- Polyrhachis peetersi Wong & Guénard, 2021
- Polyrhachis (Aulacomyrma) pelecta
- Polyrhachis pellita Menozzi, 1922
- Polyrhachis penelope Forel, 1895
- Polyrhachis peregrina Smith, 1860
- Polyrhachis personata Wheeler, 1919
- Polyrhachis phalerata Menozzi, 1926
- Polyrhachis phidias Forel, 1910
- Polyrhachis philippinensis Smith, 1858
- Polyrhachis phipsoni
- Polyrhachis phryne Forel, 1907
- Polyrhachis phyllophilus
- Polyrhachis piliventris Smith, 1858
- Polyrhachis pilosa Donisthorpe, 1938
- Polyrhachis pirata Sorger & Zettel, 2009
- Polyrhachis (Aulacomyrma) planata
- Polyrhachis plato Forel, 1911
- Polyrhachis platynota Stitz, 1933
- Polyrhachis platyomma Emery, 1921
- Polyrhachis polymnia Forel, 1902
- Polyrhachis porcata Emery, 1921
- Polyrhachis pressa Mayr, 1862
- Polyrhachis prometheus Santschi, 1920
- 拟梅氏多刺蚁 Polyrhachis proxima Roger, 1863
- Polyrhachis pruinosa Mayr, 1872
- 拟三尖叉多刺蚁 Polyrhachis pseudothrinax Hung, 1967
- 半眼多刺蚁 Polyrhachis pubescens Mayr, 1879
- Polyrhachis punctata Karavaiev, 1927
- 刻点多刺蚁 Polyrhachis punctillata Roger, 1863
- Polyrhachis punctiventris Mayr, 1876
- 城堡多刺蚁 Polyrhachis pyrgops Viehmeyer, 1912
- Polyrhachis pyrrhus Forel, 1910
- Polyrhachis queenslandica Emery, 1895
- Polyrhachis ralumensis Forel, 1901
- 四刺蚁 Polyrhachis rastellata (Latreille, 1802)
- 结多刺蚁 Polyrhachis ratellata (Latreille,1802)
- Polyrhachis reclinata Emery, 1887
- Polyrhachis regesa Bolton, 1973
- Polyrhachis regularis Mayr, 1867
- Polyrhachis relucens (Latreille, 1802)
- Polyrhachis rere Mann, 1919
- Polyrhachis restituta Viehmeyer, 1913
- Polyrhachis retrorsa Emery, 1900
- Polyrhachis (Aulacomyrma) retusa
- Polyrhachis revoili Andre, 1887
- Polyrhachis rhea Forel, 1911
- Polyrhachis ridleyi Forel, 1912
- Polyrhachis rixosa Smith, 1858
- Polyrhachis (Aulacomyrma) roberti
- Polyrhachis robsoni
- Polyrhachis (Aulacomyrma) roomi
- Polyrhachis rossi Donisthorpe, 1948
- 圆顶多刺蚁 Polyrhachis rotoccipita Xu, 2002
- Polyrhachis rotumana Wilson & Taylor, 1967
- Polyrhachis rotundiceps Karavaiev, 1927
- Polyrhachis rowlandi Forel, 1910
- 红腹多刺蚁 Polyrhachis rubigastrica Wu & Wang, 1991
- Polyrhachis rubiginosa (Le Guillou, 1842)
- Polyrhachis ruficornis Smith, 1857
- Polyrhachis rufifemur Forel, 1907
- Polyrhachis rufipalpis Santschi, 1910
- 红足多刺蚁 Polyrhachis rufipes Smith, 1858
- Polyrhachis rufofemorata Smith, 1859
- Polyrhachis rugifrons Smith, 1860
- Polyrhachis rugulosus
- Polyrhachis rupicapra Roger, 1863
- Polyrhachis rustica Kohout, 1990
- Polyrhachis saevissima Smith, 1860
- Polyrhachis saigonensis Forel, 1886
- Polyrhachis salomo Forel, 1910
- Polyrhachis santschii Mann, 1919
- Polyrhachis sappho Forel, 1911
- Polyrhachis scabra Kohout, 1987
- Polyrhachis scapulata Santschi, 1932
- 畅多刺蚁 Polyrhachis schang Forel, 1879
- Polyrhachis schenckii Forel, 1886
- Polyrhachis schenkii
- Polyrhachis schistacea (Gerstaecker, 1859)
- Polyrhachis schizospina Karavaiev, 1927
- Polyrhachis schlueteri Forel, 1886
- Polyrhachis schoopae Forel, 1902
- Polyrhachis schwiedlandi Forel, 1902
- Polyrhachis scissa (Roger, 1862)
- Polyrhachis sculpta Emery, 1887
- Polyrhachis sculpturata Smith, 1860
- Polyrhachis scutulata Smith, 1859
- Polyrhachis semiaurata Mayr, 1876
- Polyrhachis semiobscura Donisthorpe, 1944
- Polyrhachis semipolita Andre, 1896
- Polyrhachis senilis Forel, 1902
- Polyrhachis sericata (Guerin-Meneville, 1831)
- Polyrhachis sericeopubescens Donisthorpe, 1941
- Polyrhachis serratus
- Polyrhachis sexspinosa (Latreille, 1802)
- 始兴多刺蚁 Polyrhachis shixingensis Wu et Wang, 1995
- Polyrhachis sidnica Mayr, 1866
- Polyrhachis similis Viehmeyer, 1912
- Polyrhachis simillima Emery, 1900
- Polyrhachis simplex Mayr
- Polyrhachis (Aulacomyrma) simulans
- Polyrhachis smithi Emery, 1901
- Polyrhachis (Aulacomyrma) snellingi
- Polyrhachis sokolova Forel, 1902
- Polyrhachis solivaga Menozzi, 1926
- Polyrhachis solmsi Emery, 1887
- Polyrhachis sophocles Forel, 1908
- Polyrhachis sparaxes Smith, 1863
- Polyrhachis spec Hector
- Polyrhachis spec Pandarus
- Polyrhachis spengeli Forel, 1912
- Polyrhachis spinicola Forel, 1894
- Polyrhachis spinicollis
- Polyrhachis spinigera Mayr
- Polyrhachis spitteleri Forel, 1916
- Polyrhachis splendens Santschi, 1932
- Polyrhachis stigmatifera Kohout, 1990
- 条纹多刺蚁 Polyrhachis striata Mayr, 1862
- Polyrhachis striatorugosus
- Polyrhachis strictifrons Emery, 1898
- Polyrhachis stylifera Karavaiev, 1935
- Polyrhachis subaenescens Viehmeyer, 1912
- Polyrhachis subcyanea Emery, 1897
- Polyrhachis subfossa Viehmeyer, 1913
- Polyrhachis subfossoides Karavaiev, 1927
- Polyrhachis submarginata
- 亚毛多刺蚁 Polyrhachis subpilosa Emery, 1895
- Polyrhachis subtridens Emery, 1900
- Polyrhachis sulcata Andre, 1895
- Polyrhachis (Aulacomyrma) sulcifera
- Polyrhachis sumatrensis Smith, 1858
- Polyrhachis sylvicola (Jerdon, 1851)
- Polyrhachis tambourinensis Forel, 1915
- Polyrhachis taylori Kohout, 1988
- Polyrhachis templi Forel, 1902
- Polyrhachis ternatae Karavaiev, 1933
- Polyrhachis terpsichore Forel, 1893
- Polyrhachis textor Smith, 1857
- Polyrhachis thailandica
- Polyrhachis thais Forel, 1910
- 汤普森多刺蚁 Polyrhachis thompsoni Bingham, 1903
- 三尖叉多刺蚁 Polyrhachis thrinax Roger, 1863
- Polyrhachis thusnelda Forel, 1902
- 光胫多刺蚁 Polyrhachis tibialis Smith, 1858
- Polyrhachis townsvillei Donisthorpe, 1938
- Polyrhachis tragos Stitz, 1925
- Polyrhachis transiens Bolton, 1973
- Polyrhachis trapezoidea Mayr, 1876
- Polyrhachis triaena Wheeler, 1919
- Polyrhachis tricuspis Andre, 1887
- Polyrhachis trina Donisthorpe, 1944
- Polyrhachis trispinosa Smith, 1861
- Polyrhachis tristis Mayr, 1867
- Polyrhachis trophima Smith, 1863
- 舟山多刺蚁 Polyrhachis tschu Forel, 1879
- Polyrhachis tubericeps Forel, 1893
- Polyrhachis tubifera Forel, 1902
- Polyrhachis tubifex Karavaiev, 1926
- Polyrhachis turneri Forel, 1895
- 暴棘山蚁 Polyrhachis tyrannica Fr. Smith, 1858，暴多刺蚁，也拼作Polyrhachis tyrannicus
- Polyrhachis ugiensis Mann, 1919
- Polyrhachis ulysses Forel, 1910
- Polyrhachis (Aulacomyrma) umboi
- Polyrhachis unicuspis Emery, 1898
- Polyrhachis urania Forel, 1902
- Polyrhachis valerus
- Polyrhachis (Aulacomyrma) variegata
- Polyrhachis venus Forel, 1893
- Polyrhachis vermiculosa Mayr, 1876
- Polyrhachis verticalis Santschi, 1928
- Polyrhachis vestita Smith, 1860
- Polyrhachis vibidia
- 鼎突多刺蚁 Polyrhachis vicina Roger, 1863
- Polyrhachis viehmeyeri Emery, 1921
- 大眼多刺蚁 Polyrhachis vigilans Smith, 1858
- Polyrhachis vigilans Viehmeyer, 1912
- Polyrhachis villipes Smith, 1857
- Polyrhachis villosa Emery, 1897
- Polyrhachis vindex Smith, 1857
- Polyrhachis violaceonigra Viehmeyer, 1914
- Polyrhachis viscosa Smith, 1858
- 维氏多刺蚁 Polyrhachis vitalisi Santschi, 1920
- Polyrhachis volkarti Forel, 1916
- Polyrhachis wagneri Viehmeyer, 1914
- Polyrhachis wallacei Emery, 1887
- Polyrhachis (Aulacomyrma) wamuki
- Polyrhachis (Aulacomyrma) wardi
- Polyrhachis weissi Santschi, 1910
- Polyrhachis wellmani Forel, 1909
- Polyrhachis wheeleri Mann, 1919
- Polyrhachis wilmsi Forel
- Polyrhachis (Aulacomyrma) wilsoni
- 渥氏多刺蚁 Polyrhachis wolfi Forel, 1912
- Polyrhachis wroughtonii Forel, 1894
- Polyrhachis xanthippe Forel, 1911
- Polyrhachis xiphias Smith, 1863
- Polyrhachis yarrabahensis Forel, 1915
- Polyrhachis yerburyi Forel, 1893
- Polyrhachis yorkana Forel, 1915
- Polyrhachis ypsilon Emery, 1887
- Polyrhachis zimmerae Clark, 1941
- Polyrhachis zopyra Smith, 1861
参考资料[编辑]
- ^ Bolton, B. Polyrhachis. AntCat. 2014 [17 July 2014].
- ^ Barry Bolton. AntCat. [2020-06-08]. （原始内容存档于2020-06-08）.
- ^ Hung, ACF. A Revision of the Ant Genus Polyrhachis at the Subgeneric Level (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Transactions of the American Entomological Society. 1967, 93 (4): 395–422.
- ^ Graystock, Peter; Hughes, William O. H. Disease resistance in a weaver ant, Polyrhachis dives, and the role of antibiotic-producing glands. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology. 2011. doi:10.1007/s00265-011-1242-y.
- ^ Polyrhachis Smith, 1857. GBIF. [2023-01-02]. （原始内容存档于2022-11-04）.
- ^ Weeyawat Jaitrong, Seiki Yamane and Nawee Noon-anant. 2023. The Thai Species of the Polyrhachis (Myrmatopa) flavicornis Smith, 1857 Species Group, with description of A New Species (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Formicinae). Zootaxa. 5249(4); 446-464. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5249.4.3, http://facebook.com/weejai96/posts/10210661082919073
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