英国皇家科学院圣诞讲座
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圣诞讲座,或称耶诞讲座(英语:Royal Institution Christmas Lectures)是指自1825年以来由英国皇家科学院在伦敦所办的系列讲座,向大众介绍科学新知为名,而以易懂且富娱乐性为其特色,如化学家法拉第的最著名的通俗科学演讲蜡烛系列讲座[1]。
历年讲座
[编辑]没有电视直播的年代:1825到1965
[编辑]年份 | 演讲者 | 主题 |
---|---|---|
1825 | John Millington | 自然哲学 |
1826 | John Wallis[2] | 解剖学 |
1827 | 麦可·法拉第 | 化学 |
1828 | J. Wood | 建筑学 |
1829 | 麦可·法拉第 | 电学 |
1830 | Thomas Webster | 地质学 |
1831 | James Rennie | 动物学 |
1832 | 麦可·法拉第 | 化学 |
1833 | 约翰·林德利 | 植物学 |
1834 | 威廉·托马斯·布兰德 | Chemistry |
1835 | 麦可·法拉第 | Electricity |
1836 | 威廉·托马斯·布兰德 | Chemistry of the Gases |
1837 | 麦可·法拉第 | Chemistry |
1838 | John Wallis[2] | Astronomy |
1839 | 威廉·托马斯·布兰德 | The Chemistry of the Atmosphere and the Ocean |
1840 | 约翰·弗雷德里克·丹尼尔 | The First Principles of Franklinic Electricity |
1841 | 麦可·法拉第 | The Rudiments of Chemistry |
1842 | 威廉·托马斯·布兰德 | The Chemistry of the Non-Metallic Elements |
1843 | 麦可·法拉第 | First Principles of Electricity |
1844 | 威廉·托马斯·布兰德 | The Chemistry of the Gases |
1845 | 麦可·法拉第 | The Rudiments of Chemistry |
1846 | John Wallis[2] | The Rudiments of Astronomy |
1847 | 威廉·托马斯·布兰德 | The Elements of Organic Chemistry |
1848 | 麦可·法拉第 | The Chemical History of a Candle |
1849 | Robert Walker | The Properties of Matter and the Laws of Motion |
1850 | 威廉·托马斯·布兰德 | The Chemistry of Coal |
1851 | 麦可·法拉第 | Attractive Forces |
1852 | Chemistry | |
1853 | Voltaic Electricity | |
1854 | The Chemistry of Combustion | |
1855 | The Distinctive Properties of the Common Metals | |
1856 | Attractive Forces | |
1857 | Static Electricity | |
1858 | The Metallic Properties | |
1859 | The Various Forces of Matter and their Relations to Each Other | |
1860 | The Chemical History of a Candle | |
1861 | 约翰·丁达尔 | Light |
1862 | 爱德华·弗兰克兰 | Air and Water |
1863 | 约翰·丁达尔 | Electricity at Rest and Electricity in Motion |
1864 | 爱德华·弗兰克兰 | The Chemistry of a Coal |
1865 | 约翰·丁达尔 | Sound |
1866 | 爱德华·弗兰克兰 | The Chemistry of Gases |
1867 | 约翰·丁达尔 | Heat and Cold |
1868 | 威廉·奥德林 | The Chemical Changes of Carbon |
1869 | 约翰·丁达尔 | Light |
1870 | 威廉·奥德林 | Burning and Unburning |
1871 | 约翰·丁达尔 | Ice, Water, Vapour and Air |
1872 | 威廉·奥德林 | Air and Gas |
1873 | 约翰·丁达尔 | The Motion and Sensation of Sound |
1874 | 约翰·贺尔·格莱斯顿 | The Voltaic Battery |
1875 | 约翰·丁达尔 | Experimental Electricity |
1876 | 约翰·贺尔·格莱斯顿 | The Chemistry of Fire |
1877 | 约翰·丁达尔 | Heat, Visible and Invisible |
1878 | 詹姆斯·杜瓦 | A Soap Bubble |
1879 | 约翰·丁达尔 | Water and Air |
1880 | 詹姆斯·杜瓦 | Atoms |
1881 | 罗伯特·斯德威尔·鲍尔 | The Sun, the Moon and the Planets |
1882 | 约翰·丁达尔 | Light and the Eye |
1883 | 詹姆斯·杜瓦 | Alchemy in Relation to Modern Science |
1884 | 约翰·丁达尔 | The Sources of Electricity |
1885 | 詹姆斯·杜瓦 | The Story of a Meteorite |
1886 | The Chemistry of Light and Photography | |
1887 | 罗伯特·斯德威尔·鲍尔 | Astronomy |
1888 | 詹姆斯·杜瓦 | Clouds and Cloudland |
1889 | Arthur Rücker | Electricity |
1890 | 詹姆斯·杜瓦 | 霜与火 |
1891 | 约翰·格雷·麦肯特列克 | Life in Motion; or the Animal Machine |
1892 | 罗伯特·斯德威尔·鲍尔 | Astronomy |
1893 | 詹姆斯·杜瓦 | 空气:气体和液体 |
1894 | 约翰·弗莱明 | 电流作的功 |
1895 | 约翰·格雷·麦肯特列克 | Sound, Hearing and Speech |
1896 | Sylvanus Phillips Thompson | Light, Visible and Invisible |
1897 | Oliver Lodge | The Principles of the Electric Telegraph |
1898 | 罗伯特·斯德威尔·鲍尔 | Astronomy |
1899 | 查理士·凡而侬·波伊斯 | 运动和静止状态下的流体 |
1900 | 罗伯特·斯德威尔·鲍尔 | Great Chapters from the Book of Nature |
1901 | 约翰·弗莱明 | 水、空气和以太的波浪和涟漪 |
1902 | Henry Selby Hele-Shaw | Locomotion : On the Earth, Through the Water, in the Air |
1903 | E·雷·兰克斯特 | Extinct Animals |
1904 | Henry Cunynghame | Ancient and Modern Methods of Measuring Time |
1905 | 赫伯特·霍尔·特纳 | Astronomy |
1906 | 威廉·达德尔 | Signalling to a Distance |
1907 | 戴维·吉尔 | 新旧天文学 |
1908 | 威廉·斯特林 | The Wheel of Life |
1909 | 威廉·达德尔 | Modern Electricity |
1910 | Sylvanus Phillips Thompson | Sound: Musical and Non-Musical |
1911 | Peter Chalmers Mitchell | The Childhood of Animals |
1912 | 詹姆斯·杜瓦 | 最后一次圣诞讲座 |
1913 | 赫伯特·霍尔·特纳 | A Voyage in Space |
1914 | 查理士·凡而侬·波伊斯 | 住宅中的科学 |
1915 | 赫伯特·霍尔·特纳 | Wireless Messages from the Stars |
1916 | 阿瑟·基思 | The Human Machine Which All Must Work |
1917 | 约翰·弗莱明 | 我们有用的仆人:磁和电 |
1918 | 达西·汤普森 | The Fish of the Sea |
1919 | 威廉·亨利·布拉格 | 声音的世界 |
1920 | John Arthur Thomson | The Haunts of Life |
1921 | 约翰·弗莱明 | 电波与无线电话 |
1922 | 赫伯特·霍尔·特纳 | Six Steps Up the Ladder to the Stars |
1923 | 威廉·亨利·布拉格 | 关于事物的本质 |
1924 | Francis Balfour-Browne | Concerning the Habits of Insects |
1925 | 威廉·亨利·布拉格 | 老手艺与新知识 |
1926 | 阿奇博尔德·希尔 | 神经和肌肉:我们的感觉和运动 |
1927 | 爱德华·安德拉德 | Engines |
1928 | Alexander Wood | Sound Waves and their Uses |
1929 | Stephen Glanville | How Things Were Done in Ancient Egypt |
1930 | Arthur Mannering Tyndall | The Electric Spark |
1931 | 威廉·亨利·布拉格 | 光的宇宙 |
1932 | Alexander Oliver Rankine | The Round of the Waters |
1933 | 詹姆士·金斯 | 穿越时空 |
1934 | 威廉·劳伦斯·布拉格 | 电 |
1935 | Charles Edward Kenneth Mees | Photography |
1936 | 杰弗里·泰勒 | 轮船 |
1937 | 朱利安·赫胥黎 | 珍稀野生动物的消失 |
1938 | James Kendall | Young Chemists and Great Discoveries |
1939–1942 | 因第二次世界大战爆发而暂停 | |
1943 | 爱德华·安德拉德 | Vibrations and Waves |
1944 | Harold Spencer Jones | Astronomy in our Daily Life |
1945 | 劳勃·华生-瓦特 | 无线电报 |
1946 | Hamilton Hartridge | Colours and How We See Them |
1947 | 埃里克·凯特利·里德尔 | Chemical Reactions: How They Work |
1948 | 弗雷德里克·巴特莱特 | 工作和娱乐的大脑 |
1949 | Percy Dunsheath | The Electric Current |
1950 | 爱德华·安德拉德 | Waves and Vibrations |
1951 | 詹姆斯·格雷 | How Animals Move |
1952 | F. Sherwood Taylor | How Science Has Grown |
1953 | John Ashworth Ratcliffe | The Uses of Radio Waves |
1954 | 弗兰克·惠特尔 | 石油的故事 |
1955 | Harry W. Melville | Big Molecules |
1956 | Harry Baines | Photography |
1957 | 朱利安·赫胥黎和James Fisher | Birds |
1958 | John Ashworth Ratcliffe, James M. Stagg, Robert L. F. Boyd, Graham Sutton, George E. R. Deacon, Gordon de Quetteville Robin |
国际地球物理年 |
1959 | Thomas Allibone | The Release and Use of Atomic Energy |
1960 | Vernon Ellis Cosslett | Seeing the Very Small |
1961 | 威廉·劳伦斯·布拉格 | Electricity |
1962 | R. E. D. (Richard Evelyn Donohue) Bishop | Vibration |
1963 | Ronald King | Energy |
1964 | 德斯蒙德·莫利斯 | Animal Behaviour |
1965 | Bernard Lovell, Francis Graham-Smith, 马丁·赖尔、安东尼·休伊什 |
Exploration of the Universe |
电视直播的年代:1966至今
[编辑]年份 | 演讲者 | 主题 | 分节标题 | 电视台 |
---|---|---|---|---|
1966 | 埃里克·莱思韦特 Eric Laithwaite |
The Engineer in Wonderland[3] 仙境中的工程师 |
1. The White Rabbit
2. Only the Grin was Left 3. The Caucus Race 4. Curiouser and Curiouser 5. If only I were the right size to do it 6. It's the Oldest Rule in the Book |
BBC Two |
1967 | 理查德·L·格里高利 Richard Langton Gregory |
The Intelligent Eye[4] 聪明的眼睛 |
1. Ancient Eyes and Simple Brains
2. Learning to See Things 3. Playing with Illusions 4. How Illusions Play Games with Us 5. Human Eyes in Space 6. The Future-Machines that See? | |
1968 | 菲利普·莫里森 Philip Morrison |
Gulliver's Laws: The Physics of Large and Small[5] 格列佛定律:关于大和小的物理学 |
1. The World of Captain Gulliver
2. Meat and Drink Sufficient... 3. A Prodigious Leap? 4. Lilliput and Brobdingnag since the Industrial Revolution 5. Dwarf and Giant Numbers 6. Beyond the Map | |
1969 | 乔治·波特 George Porter |
Time Machines[6] 时间机器 |
1. In the Beginning...
2. Clockwork Harmony 3. The Tick of the Atom 4. Big Time, Little Time 5. Faster, Faster 6. To the Ends of Time | |
1970 | 约翰·R·内皮尔 John Napier |
Monkeys Without Tails: A Giraffe's Eye-view of Man[7] 没有尾巴的猴子:长颈鹿眼中的人类 |
1. Man has a very short neck and no tail
2. Man comes in several different sizes and shapes 3. Fancy having to climb trees in order to eat 4. Man chooses a sensible place to live at last 5. Why choose to walk on two legs when it is much safer on four? 6. What's the idea of shooting at us? | |
1971 | 查尔斯·A·泰勒 Charles Taylor |
Sounds of Music: The Science of Tones and Tune[8] 音乐之声:音调和曲调的科学 |
1. Making and Measuring the Waves
2. From Small Beginnings 3. Growing and Changing 4. Craftsmanship and Technology 5. On the Way to the Ear 6. The End of the Journey | |
1972 | Geoffrey G. Gouriet | Ripples in the Ether: The Science of Radio Communication[9] |
1. How It All Began
2. Getting Rid of the Wires 3. The Sound of Broadcasting 4. Pictures With and Without Wires 5. But Electrons aren't Coloured! 6. Vision of the Future | |
1973 | 戴维·阿滕伯勒 David Attenborough |
The Language of Animals 动物的语言 |
1. Beware!
2. Be Mine 3. Parents and Children 4. Simple Signs and Complicated Communications 5. Foreign Languages 6. Animal Language, Human Language | |
1974 | 埃里克·莱思韦特 Eric Laithwaite |
The Engineer Through the Looking Glass | 1. Looking Glass House
2. Tweedledum and Tweedledee 3. Jam Yesterday, Jam Tomorrow 4. The Jabberwock 5. The Time has come the Walrus said 6. It's my own Invention | |
1975 | Heinz Wolff | Signals from the Interior | 1. You as an engine
2. Pumps pipes and flows 3. Spikes and waves 4. Probes, sondes and sounds 5. Looking through your skin 6. Signals from the mind | |
1976 | 乔治·波特 George Porter |
The Natural History of a Sunbeam[10] | 1. First Light
2. Light and Life 3. A Leaf from Nature 4. Candles from the Sun 5. Making Light Work 6. Survival Under the Sun | |
1977 | 卡尔·萨根 Carl Sagan |
The Planets | 1. The Earth as a Planet
2. The Outer Solar System and Life 3. The History of Mars 4. Mars before Viking 5. Mars after Viking 6. Planetary Systems Beyond Our Sun | |
1978 | 埃里克·克里斯托弗·齐曼 Erik Christopher Zeeman |
Mathematics into Pictures | 1. Linking and Knotting
2. Numbers and Geometry 3. Infinity and Perspective 4. Games and Evolution 5. Waves and Music 6. Catastrophe and Psychology | |
1979 | Eric M. Rogers | Atoms for Engineering Minds: A Circus of Experiments[11] | 1. Getting to Know Atoms
2. Molecules in Motion 3. Electrified Atoms 4. Atoms that Explode 5. Atoms and Energy 6. Seeing Atoms at Last | |
1980 | 大卫·奇尔顿·菲利浦斯 马克斯·佩鲁茨演讲了第5节 David Chilton Phillips with Max Perutz in Lecture 5 |
The Chicken, the Egg and the Molecules | 1. What are chickens made of?
2. Machine tools of life 3. Muscle power 4. Eggs, genes and proteins 5. Haemoglobin: the breathing molecule 6. Molecules at work | |
1981 | Reginald Victor Jones | From Magna Carta to Microchip[12] | 1. Principles, Standards and Methods
2. The Measurement of Time 3. More and More About Less and Less 4. Onwards to the Stars 5. Measurement and Navigation in War 6. Some Impacts of Measurement on Life: And Can We Take it too Far? | |
1982 | 科林·布莱克默 Colin Blakemore |
Common Sense[13] | 1. Making Sense
2. The Sound of Silence 3. The Sixth Sense - and the Rest 4. Show Me the Way to Go Home 5. Vive la différence 6. Enchanted Loom | |
1983 | Leonard Maunder | Machines in Motion[14] | 1. Driving Forces
2. Gathering Momentum 3. Vibration 4. Under Control 5. Fluids and Flight 6. Living Machines | |
1984 | 沃尔特·博德默尔 Walter Bodmer |
The Message of the Genes[15] | 1. We're All Different
2. The Spice of Life 3. Genetic Engineering 4. Bodies and Antibodies 5. Normal Cells and Cancer Cells 6. When Will Pigs Have Wings? | |
1985 | 约翰·大卫·皮耶 John David Pye |
Communicating[16] 交流 |
1. No Man is an Island
2. Animal Talk 3. The Bionic Bat 4. The Pace of Technology 5. The Integrated Body 6. Computers | |
1986 | 刘易斯·沃尔珀特 Lewis Wolpert |
Frankenstein's Quest: Development of Life[17] | 1. First Take an Egg...
2. The Medium and the Message 3. The Right Stuff 4. Genes and Flies 5. Chain of Command 6. Growing Up and Growing Old | |
1987 | 约翰·默瑞格·托马斯和大卫·菲利普斯 John Meurig Thomas and David Phillips |
Crystals and Lasers 晶体与激光器 |
1. Introducing the characters
2. The architecture of crystals 3. Semiconductors, superconductors and catalysts 4. Constructing a laser 5. Applications of lasers 6. Crystals, lasers and the human body | |
1988 | Gareth Roberts | The Home of the Future[18] | 1. Appliance Science
2. Home, Safe Home 3. Electronics for Pleasure 4. Home, Smart Home 5. Mixers, Meters and Molecules | |
1989 | 查尔斯·A·泰勒 Charles Taylor |
Exploring Music[19] | 1. What Is Music?
2. The Essence of an Instrument 3. Science, Strings and Symphonies 4. Technology, Trumpets and Tunes 5. Scales, Synthesisers and Samplers | |
1990 | Malcolm Longair | Origins[20] | 1. The Grand Design
2. The Birth of the Stars 3. The Origin of Quasars 4. The Origin of the Galaxies 5. The Origin of the Universe | |
1991 | 理查德·道金斯 Richard Dawkins |
Growing Up in the Universe | 1. Waking Up in the Universe
2. Designed and Designoid Objects 3. Climbing Mount Improbable 4. The Ultraviolet Garden 5. The Genesis of Purpose | |
1992 | Charles J. M. Stirling | Our World Through the Looking Glass | 1. Man in the Mirror
2. Narwhals, Palindromes and Chesterfield Station 3. The Handed Molecule 4. Symmetry, Sensation and Sex 5. In the Hands of Giants | |
1993 | 弗兰克·克洛斯 Frank Close |
The Cosmic Onion | 1. A is for Atoms
2. To the Centre of the Sun 3. Invaders from Outer Space 4. Anti-Matter Matters 5. An Hour to Make the Universe | |
1994 | 苏珊·格林菲尔德 Susan Greenfield |
Journey to the Centre of the Brain[21][22] | 1. The Electric Ape
2. Through a Glass Darkly 3. Bubble Bubble Toil and Trouble 4. The Seven Ages of the Brain 5. The Mind's I | |
1995 | James Jackson | Planet Earth, An Explorer's Guide | 1. On the Edge of the World
2. Secrets of the Deep 3. Volcanoes: Melting the Earth 4. The Puzzle of the Continents 5. Waterworld | |
1996 | Simon Conway Morris | The History in our Bones[23] | 1. Staring into the Abyss
2. The Fossils Come Alive 3. The Great Dyings: Life after Death 4. Innovations And Novelty 5. Feet on the Ground, Head in the Stars: The History of Man | |
1997 | 艾恩·史都华 Ian Stewart |
The Magical Maze | 1. Sunflowers and Snowflakes
2. The Pattern of Tiny Feet 3. Outrageous Fortune 4. Chaos and Cauliflowers 5. Fearful Symmetry | |
1998 | Nancy Rothwell | Staying Alive | 1. Sense and Sensitivity
2. Fats and figures 3. Chilling out 4. Times of our lives 5. Pushing the limits | |
1999 | Neil F. Johnson | Arrows of Time[24] | 1. Back to the Future
2. Catching the Waves 3. The Quantum Leap 4. Edge of Chaos 5. Shaping the Future | |
2000 | 凯文·沃威克 Kevin Warwick |
Rise of the Robots[25] | 1. Anatomy of an Android
2. Things That Think 3. Remote Robots 4. Bionic Bodies 5. I, Robot |
Channel 4 |
2001 | 约翰·苏尔斯顿 John Sulston |
The Secrets of Life[26] | 1. What is life?
2. How do I grow? 3. What am I? 4. Can we fix it? 5. Future of life? | |
2002 | Tony Ryan | Smart Stuff[27] | 1. The Spider that Spun a Suspension Bridge
2. The Trainer That Ran Over The World 3. The Phone that Shrank the Planet 4. The Plaster that Stretches Life 5. The Ice Cream that Will Freeze Granny | |
2003 | Monica Grady | Voyage in Space and Time[28] | 1. Blast Off
2. Mission to Mars 3. Planet Patrol 4. Collision Course 5. Anybody Out There? | |
2004 | Lloyd Peck | Antarctica[28] | 1. Ice People
2. Ice Life 3. Ice World | |
2005 | John Krebs | The Truth About Food | 1. The ape that cooks
2. Yuck or yummy? 3. You are what you eat 4. When food goes wrong 5. Food for the future |
Channel Five |
2006 | 马库斯·杜·索托伊 Marcus du Sautoy |
The Num8er My5teries[29] | 1. The curious incident of the never-ending numbers
2. The quest to predict the future 3. The story of the elusive shapes 4. The case of the uncrackable code 5. The secret of the winning streak | |
2007 | Hugh Montgomery | Back from the Brink: The Science of Survival | 1. Peak Performance
2. Completely Stuffed 3. Grilled and Chilled 4. Fight, Flight and Fright 5. Luck, Genes and Stupidity | |
2008 | 克里斯多福·毕晓普 Christopher Bishop |
Hi-tech Trek 高科技之旅 |
1. Breaking the Speed Limit
2. Chips with Everything 3. The Ghost in the Machine 4. Untangling the Web 5. Digital Intelligence | |
2009 | Sue Hartley | The 300-Million-Year War | 1. Plant Wars
2. The Animals Strike Back 3. Talking Trees 4. Dangerous to Delicious 5. Weapons of the Future |
More4 |
2010 | 马克·米奥多尼克 Mark Miodownik |
Size Matters 尺寸迷思 |
1. Why Elephants Can't Dance but Hamsters Can Skydive
2. Why Chocolate Melts and Jet Planes Don't 3. Why Mountains Are So Small |
BBC Four |
2011 | Bruce Hood | Meet Your Brain[30] 认识大脑 |
1. What's in your head?
2. Who's in charge here anyway? 3. Are you thinking what I'm thinking? | |
2012 | 彼得·沃瑟斯 Peter Wothers |
The Modern Alchemist 现代炼金术士 |
1. Air: the elixir of life
2. Water: the fountain of youth 3. Earth: the philosopher's stone | |
2013 | 艾丽森·伍拉德 Alison Woollard |
Life Fantastic 奇妙的生命 |
1. Where do I come from?
2. Am I a Mutant? 3. Could I live forever? | |
2014 | 丹妮尔·乔治 Danielle George |
Sparks will fly: How to Hack your Home 让火花飞:如何利用你的家 |
1. The light bulb moment
2. Making contact 3. A new revolution | |
2015 | Kevin Fong | How to survive in space 如何在太空中生存 |
1. Lift off!
2. Life in Orbit 3. The next frontier | |
2016 | Saiful Islam | Supercharged: Fuelling the future 超限储能:驱动未来 |
1. Let there be light!
2. People Power 3. Fully charged | |
2017 | 索菲·斯科特 Sophie Scott |
The Language of Life | 1. Say it with Sound
2. Silent Messages 3. The Word | |
2018 | Alice Roberts | Who am I?[31] 我是谁 |
1. Where Do I Come From?
2. What Makes Me Human? 3. What Makes Me, Me? | |
2019 | Hannah Fry | Secrets and Lies: The Hidden Power of Maths[32] | 1. How to Get Lucky
2. How to Bend the Rules 3. How Can We All Win? | |
2020 | Christopher Jackson 海伦·切尔斯基Helen Czerski |
Planet Earth: A user's guide[33] 行星地球 |
||
2021 | Jonathan Van-Tam | Going viral: How Covid changed science forever[34] | 1. The Invisible Enemy
2. The Perfect Storm 3. Fighting Back | |
2022 | Sue Black | Secrets of Forensic Science[35] | 1. Dead Body
2. Missing Body 3. Living Body | |
2023 | 迈克尔·沃德里奇 Michael Wooldridge |
The Truth about AI AI的真相[36][37] |
1. How to Build an Intelligent Machine
2. My AI Life 3. The Future of AI: Dream or Nightmare? |
参考书目
[编辑]- ^ 倪简白. 法拉第的蠟燭科學. 台湾商务印书馆. 2012年11月1日. (原始内容存档于2012年11月12日).
- ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 James, Frank A. J. L. Christmas at the Royal Institution. World Scientific. 2007: xvii.
- ^ BBC Two England - 27 December 1966 - BBC Genome. genome.ch.bbc.co.uk. [2017-03-20]. (原始内容存档于2017-03-21).
- ^ BBC Two England - 28 December 1967 - BBC Genome. genome.ch.bbc.co.uk. [2017-03-20]. (原始内容存档于2017-03-21).
- ^ BBC Two England - 28 December 1968 - BBC Genome. genome.ch.bbc.co.uk. [2017-03-20]. (原始内容存档于2017-03-21).
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外部链接
[编辑]- 台湾【探索基础科学讲座】 (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)灵感来自于英国皇家科学院19世纪开始的皇家科学耶诞讲座