集体得救

集体得救，或集体救赎是一种宗教信仰的概念，该信仰理论应为，群体的成员会集体影响其所属群体的救赎，特别是来世的救赎。集体救续也认为，一个群体的本质上就如一个人一样。 ^[1]集体救赎的概念有时出现在基督教、 ^[2]伊斯兰教、 ^[3]和犹太教中。 ^[4]

在犹太教中，传统犹太神学预言犹太弥赛亚会为犹太人带来集体救赎。 ^[4]《但以理书》指出，神对犹太人的集体宽恕，但也规定了对不义之人的个人审判。 ^[5]

在早期基督教的背景下，西普里安在公元3世纪，即313年米兰法令之前推广了这一思想，当时大多数基督徒都受到迫害并生活在社会之外。希波的奥古斯丁（354-430）也在他的 5 世纪初的著作《上帝之城》中讨论了这个话题，并指出有些人教导说整个天主教会都会得救。 ^[6]当时教会认为，《哥林多前书》12:12-14将基督徒描述为“一体”，意味着集体救赎。不过，奥古斯丁拒绝了这个概念，认为那些过着不道德生活的人永远无法得救，即使他们参加了圣事。 ^[2]

参考

^ Max Scheler; Manfred S. Frings, Formalism in ethics and non-formal ethics of values: a new attempt toward the foundation of an ethical personalism, Northwestern University Press: 554, 1973, ISBN 978-0-8101-0620-8
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 Everett Ferguson, Doctrines of human nature, sin, and salvation in the early church, Taylor & Francis: 247, 1993, ISBN 978-0-8153-1070-9
^ Andrew Rippin, The Blackwell companion to the Qurʼān, Wiley-Blackwell: 29, 2006, ISBN 978-1-4051-1752-4
^ ^4.0 ^4.1 Todd M. Endelman, Comparing Jewish societies, University of Michigan Press: 64, 1997, ISBN 978-0-472-06592-9 Todd M. Endelman (1997), Comparing Jewish societies, University of Michigan Press, p. 64, ISBN 978-0-472-06592-9
^ Gabriele Boccaccini, Roots of Rabbinic Judaism: an intellectual history, from Ezekiel to Daniel, Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing: 194, 2002, ISBN 978-0-8028-4361-6
^ Compare: Salisbury, Joyce E. Ferguson, Everett , 编. Doctrines of Human Nature, Sin, and Salvation in the Early Church. Studies in early Christianity : a collection of scholarly essays / ed. by Everett Ferguson 10. Taylor & Francis. 1993: 2531993 [24 January 2019]. ISBN 9780815310709. The Donatists were continuing the Cyprianic tradition of collective salvation rather than moving toward the Augustinian one of individual salvation.

参见

[schel-1] Max Scheler; Manfred S. Frings, Formalism in ethics and non-formal ethics of values: a new attempt toward the foundation of an ethical personalism, Northwestern University Press: 554, 1973, ISBN 978-0-8101-0620-8

[ferg-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Everett Ferguson, Doctrines of human nature, sin, and salvation in the early church, Taylor & Francis: 247, 1993, ISBN 978-0-8153-1070-9

[ripp-3] Andrew Rippin, The Blackwell companion to the Qurʼān, Wiley-Blackwell: 29, 2006, ISBN 978-1-4051-1752-4

[ende-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Todd M. Endelman, Comparing Jewish societies, University of Michigan Press: 64, 1997, ISBN 978-0-472-06592-9 Todd M. Endelman (1997), Comparing Jewish societies, University of Michigan Press, p. 64, ISBN 978-0-472-06592-9

[bocc-5] Gabriele Boccaccini, Roots of Rabbinic Judaism: an intellectual history, from Ezekiel to Daniel, Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing: 194, 2002, ISBN 978-0-8028-4361-6

[6] Compare: Salisbury, Joyce E. Ferguson, Everett , 编. Doctrines of Human Nature, Sin, and Salvation in the Early Church. Studies in early Christianity : a collection of scholarly essays / ed. by Everett Ferguson 10. Taylor & Francis. 1993: 2531993 [24 January 2019]. ISBN 9780815310709. The Donatists were continuing the Cyprianic tradition of collective salvation rather than moving toward the Augustinian one of individual salvation.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]