网足虫属

网足虫属
	网足虫(1)与其他有孔虫界的生物(2-7)
科学分类
门：	变形虫门 Amoebozoa
纲：	根足纲 Rhizopodea
目：	无壳目 Aconchulinida
科：	网虫足科 Gromiidae
属：	网足虫属 Gromia; Dujardin（英语：Félix Dujardin）, 1835
异名
	Arcellina Du Plessis, 1876; Blythella Haman, 1988;

网足虫属（学名：Gromia）是丝足虫门的一个属，为单细胞生物，栖息在淡水或海水中，本属生物形似变形虫，有一蛋白质组成的蜂窝状壳体（英语：Test (biology)）将细胞质包覆，并有许多伪足从壳体表面的孔洞中伸出，可互相交连形成网状结构^[1]，用以爬行移动^[2]。本属物种的直径介于0.4－30毫米间，细胞质中具有Stercomata（英语：Stercomata）（排泄物）与矿物颗粒^[3]，壳体形状多变，有球型者（G. oviformis），也有梨形者（G. pyriforminis），常作为本属物种的分类依据。本属生物可行无性生殖与有性生殖^[4]。

本属最早被发现的物种为G. oviformis，于1835年在英国海边的潮间带被发现^[5]，1990年代起开始有多种深海中的网足虫被发现，包括生存在4392米深处者^[3]，深海的网足虫可能在碳循环^[3] 与氮循环（反硝化反应）^[6]中扮演一定角色。有研究显示本属的一深海物种圆球网足虫可在海床上留下爬痕，与复杂多细胞动物所留下的遗迹化石类似，使考古学家怀疑此类化石是否能当作多细胞动物存在的依据^[7] 。

下属物种[编辑]

本属包括以下物种：^[8]

Gromia amygdaliformis Gooday & Holzmann, 2022
Gromia appendiculariae Brooks & Kellner, 1908
Gromia botelliformis Gooday & Holzmann, 2021
短网足虫 Gromia brevis Gooday & Holzmann, 2021
Gromia cedhageni Gooday & Holzmann, 2022
Gromia cucumiformis Gooday & Holzmann, 2021
Gromia dubia Gruber, 1884
Gromia dujardinii Schultze, 1854
Gromia fluvialis Dujardin, 1837
Gromia granulata Schulze, 1875
Gromia hyalina Schlumberger, 1845
Gromia landrethi Gooday & Holzmann, 2022
Gromia liasica Terquem, 1866
Gromia marmorea Rothe, Gooday, Cedhagen, Fahrni, Hughes, Page, Pearce & Pawlowski, 2009
Gromia melinus Rothe, Gooday, Cedhagen, Fahrni, Hughes, Page, Pearce & Pawlowski, 2009
Gromia oviformis Dujardin, 1835
Gromia pashukae Gooday & Holzmann, 2022
Gromia psammophila Gooday & Holzmann, 2022
Gromia pyriformis Gooday & Bowser, 2005
Gromia saoirsei Gooday & Holzmann, 2022
Gromia schulzei Norman, 1892
Gromia solenopus Zarnik, 1907
圆球网足虫 Gromia sphaerica Gooday, Bowser, Bett & Smith, 2000
Gromia winnetoui Rothe, Gooday, Cedhagen, Fahrni, Hughes, Page, Pearce & Pawlowski, 2009

参考文献[编辑]

^ Longet, D., Burki, F., Flakowski, J., Berney, C., Polet, S., Fahrni, J., & Pawlowski, J. (2004). Multigene evidence for close evolutionary relations between Gromia and foraminifera. Acta Protozoologica, 43(4), 303–311.
^ Matz, M. V., Frank, T. M., Marshall, N. J., Widder, E. A., & Johnsen, S. (2008). Giant Deep-Sea Protist Produces Bilaterian-like Traces. Current Biology, 18(23), 1849–1854. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2008.10.028
^ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Rothe, N., Gooday, A. J., Cedhagen, T., & Alan Hughes, J. (2011). Biodiversity and distribution of the genus Gromia (Protista, Rhizaria) in the deep Weddell Sea (Southern Ocean). Polar Biology, 34(1), 69–81. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-010-0859-z
^ ARNOLD, Z. M. (1966). Observations on the Sexual Generation of Gromia oviformis Dujardin. The Journal of Protozoology, 13(1), 23–27. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1966.tb01863.x
^ Hayward, B. W., Le Coze, F., & Gross, O. (2018). World Foraminifera Database. Gromia Dujardin. Retrieved February 26, 2020, from http://www.marinespecies.org/foraminifera/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=111984 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
^ Høgslund, S., Cedhagen, T., Bowser, S. S., & Risgaard-Petersen, N. (2017). Sinks and Sources of Intracellular Nitrate in Gromiids. Frontiers in Microbiology, 8(APR), 617. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.00617
^ Matz, M. V., Frank, T. M., Marshall, N. J., Widder, E. A., & Johnsen, S. (2008). Giant Deep-Sea Protist Produces Bilaterian-like Traces. Current Biology, 18(23), 1849–1854. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2008.10.028
^ Gromia Dujardin, 1835. GBIF. [2023-01-16]. （原始内容存档于2023-01-16）.

[1] Longet, D., Burki, F., Flakowski, J., Berney, C., Polet, S., Fahrni, J., & Pawlowski, J. (2004). Multigene evidence for close evolutionary relations between Gromia and foraminifera. Acta Protozoologica, 43(4), 303–311.

[2] Matz, M. V., Frank, T. M., Marshall, N. J., Widder, E. A., & Johnsen, S. (2008). Giant Deep-Sea Protist Produces Bilaterian-like Traces. Current Biology, 18(23), 1849–1854. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2008.10.028

[#1-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Rothe, N., Gooday, A. J., Cedhagen, T., & Alan Hughes, J. (2011). Biodiversity and distribution of the genus Gromia (Protista, Rhizaria) in the deep Weddell Sea (Southern Ocean). Polar Biology, 34(1), 69–81. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-010-0859-z

[4] ARNOLD, Z. M. (1966). Observations on the Sexual Generation of Gromia oviformis Dujardin. The Journal of Protozoology, 13(1), 23–27. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1966.tb01863.x

[5] Hayward, B. W., Le Coze, F., & Gross, O. (2018). World Foraminifera Database. Gromia Dujardin. Retrieved February 26, 2020, from http://www.marinespecies.org/foraminifera/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=111984 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）

[6] Høgslund, S., Cedhagen, T., Bowser, S. S., & Risgaard-Petersen, N. (2017). Sinks and Sources of Intracellular Nitrate in Gromiids. Frontiers in Microbiology, 8(APR), 617. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.00617

[7] Matz, M. V., Frank, T. M., Marshall, N. J., Widder, E. A., & Johnsen, S. (2008). Giant Deep-Sea Protist Produces Bilaterian-like Traces. Current Biology, 18(23), 1849–1854. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2008.10.028

[8] Gromia Dujardin, 1835. GBIF. [2023-01-16]. （原始内容存档于2023-01-16）.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]