螔螺屬

螔螺屬
	在阿拉斯加的海裡拍攝到的一隻螔螺（Limacina helicina）
科學分類
界：	動物界 Animalia
門：	軟體動物門 Mollusca
綱：	腹足綱 Gastropoda
目：	翼足目 Pteropoda
科：	螔螺科 Limacinidae
屬：	螔螺屬 Limacina; Bosc, 1817
模式種
	Clio helicina Phipps, 1774;
種
	見內文
異名
	Heterofusus Fleming, 1823; Limacina (Limacina) Bosc, 1817 · accepted, alternate representation; Lornia Marwick, 1926; Munthea van der Spoel, 1967 (unavailable name: no type species designated); Scaea Philippi, 1844; Spiratella Blainville, 1817 (Objective synonym of Limacina); Spirialis Eydoux & Souleyet, 1840;

螔螺屬（學名：Limacina）是翼足目螔螺科之下的一個海洋腹足綱軟體動物門屬，即俗稱「海蝴蝶」的一種。本屬物種是腹足綱之下其中一個物種非常豐富的屬^[3]^[4]。

本屬的學名「Limacina」本身的意思其實就是「像蝸牛」^[5]

作為一種在海洋的浮游生物界生活的腹足綱物種，螔螺屬透過拍動牠們的一雙擬足（亦作疣足，parapoida）來在水中暢泳，所以得來「海蝴蝶」的美名。

海蝴蝶是有殼翼足類支序（Thecosomata）的成員，與之相對的是屬於裸殼翼足類支序（Gymnosomata）的海天使。這兩個支序的成員合組成為翼足類。兩者的分別在於有殼翼足類的成員的背上還留有一個或大或小的殼，但裸殼翼足類的殼已完全褪化。

物種[編輯]

本屬物種同時有化石種及生存種，分別如下：

† Limacina atypica (Laws, 1944)
(recent) Limacina bulimoides (d'Orbigny, 1836)^[6]^[7]- Bulimoid pteropod. Distribution: Red Sea, Pacific. Length: 1.2 mm.
† Limacina erasmiana Janssen, 2010^[8]
† Limacina dilatata (Koenen, 1892)
† Limacina ferax (Laws, 1944)
† Limacina gormani (Curry, 1982)^[7]
† Limacina guersi Janssen, 2010^[8]
螔螺 Limacina helicina (Phipps, 1774)：模式種^[6]。
(recent) Limacina lesueurii (d'Orbigny, 1836) - Distribution: North America, Western Atlantic.
† Limacina limata (Marwick, 1926)
† Limacina pygmaea (Lamarck, 1805)^[7]^[8]
(recent) Limacina rangii (d'Orbigny, 1834)
後彎螔螺 Limacina retroversa (Fleming, 1823)：分布於北美洲的西大西洋及北冰洋，屬於是亞寒帶種。
† Limacina sculptilis (Maxwell, 1992)
† Limacina taylori (Curry, 1965)^[8]
(recent) Limacina trochiformis (d'Orbigny, 1836) - Trochiform pteropod. Distribution: North America, Western Atlantic, Red Sea, Pacific. Length: 1 mm.
† Limacina valvatina (Reuss, 1867)^[7]
† Limacina? vegrandis Cahuzac & Janssen, 2010^[7]

下列物種皆為同種異名：

(recent) Limacina antarctica Woodward, 1854::^[9]synonym of Limacina rangii f. antarctica Woodward, 1854: synonym of Limacina rangii (d'Orbigny, 1834)
Limacina balea Møller, 1841: synonym of Limacina retroversa (Fleming, 1823)
Limacina contorta Sykes, 1905: synonym of Limacina trochiformis (d'Orbigny, 1834)
Limacina crossei Pelseneer, 1888: synonym of Limacina lesueurii (d'Orbigny, 1835)
Limacina cucullata Gould, 1852: synonym of Limacina rangii f. antarctica Woodward, 1854: synonym of Limacina rangii (d'Orbigny, 1834)
Limacina helicialis Lamarck, 1819: synonym of Limacina helicina (Phipps, 1774)
(recent) Limacina helicoides Jeffreys, 1877 - synonym of Thielea helicoides (Jeffreys, 1877)
(recent) Limacina inflata (d'Orbigny, 1836) - Planorbid pteropod. Distribution: circumglobal, Red Sea, Pacific. Length: 1 mm. Description: the shell is flatly twisted, resembling the shell of the cephalopod Nautilus. - synonym: Heliconoides inflata (d』Orbigny, 1836)
Limacina naticoides Souleyet, 1852: synonym of Limacina trochiformis (d'Orbigny, 1834)
Limacina pacifica Dall, 1871: synonym of Limacina helicina pacifica Dall, 1871
Limacina scaphoidea Gould, 1852: synonym of Heliconoides inflatus (d'Orbigny, 1834)

參考文獻[編輯]

^ Bosc, L. A. G. "Cléodore". Nouveau Dictionnaire d』Histoire naturelle (自然歷史新詞典). 1817, 7: 188 （法語）.
^ 引用錯誤：沒有為名為WoRMS的參考文獻提供內容
^ Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S. Limacina. WoRMS. 2012 [2012-07-18].
^ Lalli, Carol M.; Gilmer, Ronald W. Pelagic Snails: The Biology of Holoplanktonic Gastropod Mollusks. : 6 （英語）.
^ Woodward, S. P. A manual of the Mollusca; or, A rudimentary treatise of recent and fossil shells 2. London: 207. 1854 （英語）.
^ ^6.0 ^6.1 Janssen, A. W. Holoplanktonic Mollusca (Gastropoda: Pterotracheoidea, Janthinoidea, Thecosomata and Gymnosomata) from the Pliocene of Pangasinan (Luzon, Philippines). Scripta Geologica. 2007, 137 [2015-05-10]. （原始內容存檔於2011-07-24）（英語）.
^ ^7.0 ^7.1 ^7.2 ^7.3 ^7.4 Cahuzac B. & Janssen A. W. (2010). "Eocene to Miocene holoplanktonic Mollusca (Gastropoda) of the Aquitaine Basin, southwest France". Scripta Geologica 141: http://www.scriptageologica.nl/10/nr141/a01 （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）
^ ^8.0 ^8.1 ^8.2 ^8.3 Janssen A. W. (2010). "Pteropods (Mollusca, Euthecosomata) from the Early Eocene of Rotterdam (The Netherlands)". Scripta Geologica 07 http://www.scriptageologica.nl/10/nr007/a09 （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）
^ WoRMS (2010). Limacina antarctica Woodward, 1854. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=509607 （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） on 2011-01-29

Vaught, K.C. (1989). A classification of the living Mollusca. American Malacologists: Melbourne, FL (USA). ISBN 0-915826-22-4. XII, 195 pp.
Gofas, S.; Le Renard, J.; Bouchet, P. (2001). Mollusca, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 180–213

外部連結[編輯]

[1] Bosc, L. A. G. "Cléodore". Nouveau Dictionnaire d』Histoire naturelle (自然歷史新詞典). 1817, 7: 188 （法語）.

[WoRMS-2] 引用錯誤：沒有為名為WoRMS的參考文獻提供內容

[WoRMS_138122-3] Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S. Limacina. WoRMS. 2012 [2012-07-18].

[4] Lalli, Carol M.; Gilmer, Ronald W. Pelagic Snails: The Biology of Holoplanktonic Gastropod Mollusks. : 6 （英語）.

[5] Woodward, S. P. A manual of the Mollusca; or, A rudimentary treatise of recent and fossil shells 2. London: 207. 1854 （英語）.

[Janssen_2007-6] 6.0 ^6.1 Janssen, A. W. Holoplanktonic Mollusca (Gastropoda: Pterotracheoidea, Janthinoidea, Thecosomata and Gymnosomata) from the Pliocene of Pangasinan (Luzon, Philippines). Scripta Geologica. 2007, 137 [2015-05-10]. （原始內容存檔於2011-07-24）（英語）.

[Cahuzac_2010-7] 7.0 ^7.1 ^7.2 ^7.3 ^7.4 Cahuzac B. & Janssen A. W. (2010). "Eocene to Miocene holoplanktonic Mollusca (Gastropoda) of the Aquitaine Basin, southwest France". Scripta Geologica 141: http://www.scriptageologica.nl/10/nr141/a01 （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）

[Janssen_2010-8] 8.0 ^8.1 ^8.2 ^8.3 Janssen A. W. (2010). "Pteropods (Mollusca, Euthecosomata) from the Early Eocene of Rotterdam (The Netherlands)". Scripta Geologica 07 http://www.scriptageologica.nl/10/nr007/a09 （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）

[9] WoRMS (2010). Limacina antarctica Woodward, 1854. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=509607 （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） on 2011-01-29

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