𱁬
𱁬(,日語發音可作たいと、だいと或おとど等[1][2])是一個日本和製漢字,以其84劃的總筆畫數使之成為目前圖形上最複雜的CJK文字。這個罕見而複雜的漢字將36畫的漢字「䨺」(三重「雲」,意為多雲)以圖形疊加的方式置於48畫的「龘」(三重「龍」,意即龍騰飛的樣子)之上。除該字之外第二複雜的CJK漢字是58畫的漢字「𰻞」(biáng,),後者用於指代一種流行於陝西關中地區的油潑扯麵。
字源[編輯]
組成「」字的上下漢字結構均為會意字,其上半部分由多個12劃的漢字「雲」組成,視異體字不同可三重疊加為36畫的「䨺」(中文發音作「ㄉㄨㄟˋ」,意為多雲)或四重疊加為48畫的「𩇔」(中文發音作「ㄋㄨㄥˊ」,意為大範圍多雲);而下半部分則由16劃的漢字「龍」重疊組成,既可雙重疊加為32畫的「龖」或三重疊加為48畫的「龘」(均讀作「ㄉㄚˋ」,意為龍飛翔的模樣,兩字為異體字關係),也可四重疊加為64畫的「𪚥」(中文發音作「ㄓㄜˊ」,為「讋」的異體字,意為喋喋不休或多嘴)。
該字最常見的有兩種異體字(見右圖),二者主要的區別在於第一個「龍」字的位置。 在異體字1(讀作「daito」或「otodo」)中,第一個龍字寫在第二個和第三個雲字之間,從第25划起開始寫;在異體字2(讀作「taito」)中,第一個龍字寫在第三個雲字之下,從第37划起開始寫。
用途[編輯]
一些專業的日語詞典當中可能會收錄該字符。Ono 和 Fujita (1977) 的讀音困難的日本人名詞典中收錄了發音為daito或otodo的異體字1。而Ōsuga (1964) 的姓氏詞典以及 Sugaware 和 Hida (1990) 的國字詞典中則包含了發音為taito的變體字2。
這個由84畫漢字書寫的死語於2000年在現實中被真正采納為名字,當時千葉縣北松戶站附近的一家拉麵店使用發音為Otodo的變體字1命名(Sasahara 2001)。
中文詞典[編輯]
Unabridged dictionaries of Chinese characters do not include either Japanese 84-stroke taito variant. Both Morohashi Tetsuji's Chinese-Japanese Dai Kan-Wa jiten, which has 49,964 head entries for characters, and the Chinese Hanyu Da Zidian (1989), which has 54,678, list the three most graphically complex characters as the 52-stroke Japanese hō or bō and Chinese bèng 䨻 "sound of thunder" (with quadruple 雷 "thunder"; 1960: 12693, 1989 6: 4085), 64-stroke tetsu or techi and zhé 𪚥 "chatter; be garrulous" (with quadruple 龍 "dragon"; 13747, 7: 4806), and 64-stroke sei and zhéng 𠔻 "meaning unknown" (with quadruple 興 "rise"; 9816, 1: 254)—the first occurrence of the ghost word 𠔻 was in Sima Guang's (1066) Leipian dictionary, which gives the pronunciation gloss zhèng 政 but no semantic gloss.
編碼[編輯]
Some extensive encoding systems for Japanese kanji (preceding Unicode) include taito variant character 2. The superseded Mojikyo font, which comprised 142,228 rare and obsolete characters, included it as number [066147]. The deprecated BTRON Business computer architecture TRON project (TRON stands for "The Real-time Operating system Nucleus") also included taito [3-7D6B], and it was included in the font under development by the Tokyo University of Foreign Studies's Jitī shotai GT書體 project.
In December 2015 it was included in document IRGN2107 as one of 1,640 characters submitted to the Ideographic Rapporteur Group for encoding in Unicode (character source reference UTC-02960).[3] The character was provisionally included in "IRG Working Set 2015", which are candidates for inclusion in a future CJK Unified Ideographs extension.[4]
This character was added to Unicode version 13.0 in March 2020. The character is located at U+3106C (𱁬) in the CJK Unified Ideographs Extension G block in the newly-allocated Tertiary Ideographic Plane.[5]
參考文獻[編輯]
- ^ 『読売新聞』朝刊2020年10月8日【言の葉巡り】最多84畫の元幽霊文字(編集委員 伊藤剛寛)
- ^ 辭書になかった最多畫數の漢字「幽霊文字」の怪…「タイト」さんをご存じないですか? (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館)、読売新聞オンライン、2020年11月21日
- ^ IRGN2107R: UK Submission for IRG Working Set 2015. Ideographic Rapporteur Group. 12 December 2015 [2023-09-18]. (原始內容存檔於2023-03-28).
- ^ IRGN2133: CJK Working Set 2015 v1.1. Ideographic Rapporteur Group. 23 January 2016 [2023-09-18]. (原始內容存檔於2023-03-28).
- ^ CJK Unified Ideographs Extension G (PDF). Unicode: 454. 11 March 2020 [2023-09-18]. (原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2020-03-24).
書目[編輯]
- Carr, Michael (1986), "Semantic Crystals in Chinese Characters (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館)", Review of Liberal Arts (人文研究), 71:79-97.
- Halpern, Jack (1981), "The Sound of One Land" (part 9), "A Method in the Madness" PHP, December 1981: 73–80.
- Hanyu da zidian weiyuanhui 漢語大字典委員會, eds. (1989), Hanyu Da Zidian 漢語大字典 [Comprehensive Chinese Character Dictionary], 8 vols., Hubei cishu chubanshe and Sichuan cishu chubanshe. (中文)
- Morohashi Tetsuji (1960), Dai Kan-Wa jiten 大漢和辭典 [Comprehensive Chinese-Japanese Character Dictionary], 13 vols.,Taishukan. (日語)
- Needham, Joseph (1954), Science and Civilisation in China, Introductory Orientations, vol. 1, Cambridge University Press.
- Ōno, Shirō 大野史朗 and Fujita, Yutaka 藤田豊 (1977), Nandoku seishi jiten 難読姓氏辭典 [Dictionary of Names with Difficult Readings], Tōkyōdō Shuppan. (日語)
- Ōsuga, Tsuruhiko 大須賀鶴彥 (1964), Jitsuyō seishi jiten 実用姓氏辭典 Practical Dictionary of Surnames, Mēringu. (日語)
- Sasahara Hiroyuki 笹原宏之 (2011), 漢字の現在 第82回 幽霊文字からキョンシー文字へ? (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館) [From ghost character to vampire character?], 三省堂辭書サイト Sanseido Word-Wise Web, 8 February 2011. (日語)
- Sugawara, Yoshizō 菅原義三 and Hida, Yoshifumi 飛田良文 (1990), Kokuji no jiten 國字の字典 [Dictionary of Kokuji], Tōkyōdō. (日語)
外部連結[編輯]
- 維基共享資源上的相關多媒體資源:𱁬
- 維基詞典中的詞條「𱁬」
- character 66147, Mojikyo entry for variant 2
- character GT-57123 or u2ff1-u4a3a-u9f98 (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館), GT entry for variant 2, GlyphWiki