偉大的模仿者

偉大的模仿者（英語：The Great Imitator／The Great Masquerader，或譯為偉大的偽裝者）是形容部分無明顯症狀或特徵的疾病因不易診斷或辨別，進而造成醫療者將之與其他疾病混淆的情形。^[1]許多被稱為「偉大的模仿者」的疾病均是器官系統類型的疾病。下列的疾病因病徵不明顯，因此有時會被稱為「偉大的模仿者」：

許多不同類型的癌症^[2]
許多風濕病症狀，其中包括：
多發性硬化症^[8]
乳糜瀉^[9]
愛迪生氏病^[10]
肺栓塞^[11]
許多不同的感染性疾病，其中包括：
- 梅毒^[12]
- 萊姆病^[13]
- 土壤絲菌膿胸（英语：Nocardiosis）^[14]
- 結核病^[15]
- 布魯氏菌病
- 瘧疾^[16]

參考文獻

^ J.C. Segen.
^ Kufe, Donald W. Holland-Frei cancer medicine 8th. New York: McGraw-Hill Medical. 2009: 1–3 [2016-07-31]. ISBN 978-1-60795-014-1. （原始内容存档于2016-04-11）.
^ Fibromyalgia as the great imitator （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, retrieved December 16th, 2006
^ Excerpt from NINDS Neurological Sequelae Of Lupus Information Page. [2016-07-31]. （原始内容存档于2010-12-30）.
^ Bell, JM; Nair, R; Solon, A; Walker, PD. SLE: The great imitator strikes again. American Journal of Kidney Diseases. 2005, 45 (1): 219–22. PMID 15696465. doi:10.1053/j.ajkd.2004.05.049.
^ Rooney, J. Systemic lupus erythematosus: Unmasking a great imitator. Nursing. 2005, 35 (11): 54–60; quiz 60–61. PMID 16280927. doi:10.1097/00152193-200511000-00049.
^ Tchernev, G. Cutaneous sarcoidosis: The 'great imitator': Etiopathogenesis, morphology, differential diagnosis, and clinical management. American journal of clinical dermatology. 2006, 7 (6): 375–82. PMID 17173472. doi:10.2165/00128071-200607060-00006.
^ Multiple Sclerosis as the great imitator （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, retrieved December 16th, 2006
^ 存档副本. [2016-07-31]. （原始内容存档于2011-12-19）.
^ Williams, Penny; Evans, Sorcha; Thachil, Jecko. The Great Imitator. The American Journal of Medicine. 2010, 123 (7): e5. PMID 20609673. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2009.12.027.
^ Sharma, GV; Sasahara, AA; McIntyre, KM. Pulmonary embolism: The great imitator. Disease-a-month. 1976, 22 (7): 4–38. PMID 770102. doi:10.1016/s0011-5029(76)80005-3.
^ STD Facts from the CDC. [2016-07-31]. （原始内容存档于2015-12-22）.
^ NYT article on Lyme disease （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, retrieved December 16th, 2006
^ Lederman, Edith R.; Crum, Nancy F. A Case Series and Focused Review of Nocardiosis. Medicine. 2004, 83 (5): 300–13. PMID 15342974. doi:10.1097/01.md.0000141100.30871.39.
^ Sivers, Maurice L. The Second "Great Imitator" - Tuberculosis. JAMA. 1961, 176 (9): 809–810. doi:10.1001/jama.1961.63040220009017a.
^ 存档副本. [2016-07-31]. （原始内容存档于2020-04-06）.

[Segen1992-1] J.C. Segen.

[Card10-2] Kufe, Donald W. Holland-Frei cancer medicine 8th. New York: McGraw-Hill Medical. 2009: 1–3 [2016-07-31]. ISBN 978-1-60795-014-1. （原始内容存档于2016-04-11）.

[3] Fibromyalgia as the great imitator （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, retrieved December 16th, 2006

[4] Excerpt from NINDS Neurological Sequelae Of Lupus Information Page. [2016-07-31]. （原始内容存档于2010-12-30）.

[pmid15696465-5] Bell, JM; Nair, R; Solon, A; Walker, PD. SLE: The great imitator strikes again. American Journal of Kidney Diseases. 2005, 45 (1): 219–22. PMID 15696465. doi:10.1053/j.ajkd.2004.05.049.

[pmid16280927-6] Rooney, J. Systemic lupus erythematosus: Unmasking a great imitator. Nursing. 2005, 35 (11): 54–60; quiz 60–61. PMID 16280927. doi:10.1097/00152193-200511000-00049.

[pmid17173472-7] Tchernev, G. Cutaneous sarcoidosis: The 'great imitator': Etiopathogenesis, morphology, differential diagnosis, and clinical management. American journal of clinical dermatology. 2006, 7 (6): 375–82. PMID 17173472. doi:10.2165/00128071-200607060-00006.

[8] Multiple Sclerosis as the great imitator （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, retrieved December 16th, 2006

[9] 存档副本. [2016-07-31]. （原始内容存档于2011-12-19）.

[pmid20609673-10] Williams, Penny; Evans, Sorcha; Thachil, Jecko. The Great Imitator. The American Journal of Medicine. 2010, 123 (7): e5. PMID 20609673. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2009.12.027.

[pmid770102-11] Sharma, GV; Sasahara, AA; McIntyre, KM. Pulmonary embolism: The great imitator. Disease-a-month. 1976, 22 (7): 4–38. PMID 770102. doi:10.1016/s0011-5029(76)80005-3.

[12] STD Facts from the CDC. [2016-07-31]. （原始内容存档于2015-12-22）.

[13] NYT article on Lyme disease （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, retrieved December 16th, 2006

[pmid15342974-14] Lederman, Edith R.; Crum, Nancy F. A Case Series and Focused Review of Nocardiosis. Medicine. 2004, 83 (5): 300–13. PMID 15342974. doi:10.1097/01.md.0000141100.30871.39.

[http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=331211-15] Sivers, Maurice L. The Second "Great Imitator" - Tuberculosis. JAMA. 1961, 176 (9): 809–810. doi:10.1001/jama.1961.63040220009017a.

[16] 存档副本. [2016-07-31]. （原始内容存档于2020-04-06）.

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