莧科

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莧科
化石時期:第三紀至現代
紫莖牛膝Achyranthes splendens var. rotundata
科學分類 編輯
界: 植物界 Plantae
演化支 維管束植物 Tracheophyta
演化支 被子植物 Angiosperms
演化支 真雙子葉植物 Eudicots
目: 石竹目 Caryophyllales
科: 莧科 Amaranthaceae
Juss., 1789
亞科

莧科[註 1](學名:Amaranthaceae)包括約1652040植物[1],多為草本灌木,稀有喬木藤本[2][3]

莧科廣泛分布在全世界,一般分布在亞熱帶熱帶地區,但也有許多種也分布在溫帶甚至寒溫帶地區[2][3]

2003年的APG II 分類法藜科合併到莧科中來,兩者的唯一區別是莧科被膜質,藜科附着粉狀或皮屑狀物;莧科蒴果,藜科胞果[2][3]

不包括藜科的莧科僅有65大約900,大部分生活在熱帶非洲北美洲,許多品種可以在鹽鹼地生長,有的品種是雜草,也有花卉品種。如雞冠花千日紅老來少[2][3]

莧科植物對生或互生,葉緣有齒,大部分無托葉。

屬列表[編輯]

亞科
莧亞科(Amaranthoideae) 牛膝屬 Achyranthes, Achyropsis, 白花莧屬 Aerva, 砂莧屬 Allmania, Allmaniopsis, 莧屬 Amaranthus, Arthraerua, 赤珠莧屬 Bosea, Calicorema, 青葙屬 Celosia, Centema, Centemopsis, Centrostachys, Chamissoa, 炬莧樹屬 Charpentiera, Chionothrix, 杯莧屬 Cyathula, Dasysphaera, Deeringia, 長序莧屬 Digera, Eriostylos, Henonia, Herbstia, Hermbstaedtia, Indobanalia, Kelita, Kyphocarpa, Lagrezia, Lecosia, 白球蛤屬 Leucosphaera, Lopriorea, Marcelliopsis,Mechowia, Nelsia, Neocentema, Nothosaerva, Nyssanthes, Omegandra, 脊被莧屬 Pandiaka, Pleuropetalum, Pleuropterantha, Polyrhabda, Pseudosericocoma, Psilotrichopsis, 林地莧屬 Psilotrichum, Ptilotus, Pupalia, Rosifax, Saltia, Sericocoma, Sericocomopsis, Sericorema, Sericostachys, Stilbanhtus, 針葉莧屬 Trichuriella, 長柄莧屬 Volkensinia, Wadithamnus
白花莧亞科(Aervoideae)
牛膝亞科(Achyranthoideae)
青葙亞科(Celosioideae)
千日紅亞科(Gomphrenoideae) Alternanthera, Blutaparon, Froelichia, Froelichiella, Gomphrena, Gossypianthus, Guilleminea, Hebanthe, Hebanthodes, Irenella, Iresine, Lithophila, Pedersenia, Pfaffia, Pseudogomphrena, Pseudoplantago, Quaternella, Tidestromia, Woehleria, Xerosiphon
甜菜亞科(Betoideae) Acroglochin, Aphanisma, Beta, Hablitzia, Oreobliton, Patellifolia
樟味藜亞科(Camphorosmoideae) Bassia, Camphorosma, Chenolea, Didymanthus, Dissocarpus, Enchylaena, Eokochia, Eremophea, Eriochiton, Grubovia, Maireana, Malacocera, Neobassia, Neokochia, Osteocarpum, Roycea, Sclerolaena, Sedobassia, Spirobassia, Threlkeldia
藜亞科(Chenopodioideae) Archiatriplex, Atriplex, Axyris, Baolia, Blitum, Ceratocarpus, Chenopodiastrum, Chenopodium, Cycloloma, Dysphania, Exomis, Extriplex, Grayia, Halimione, Holmbergia, Krascheninnikovia, Lipandra, Manochlamys, Microgynoecium, Micromonolepis, Oxybasis, Proatriplex, Spinacia, Stutzia, Suckleya, Teloxys
蟲實亞科(Corispermoideae) Agriophyllum, Anthochlamys, Corispermum
多節草亞科(Polycnemoideae) Hemichroa, Nitrophila, Polycnemum, Surreya
鹽角草亞科(Salicornioideae) Allenrolfea, Arthrocnemum, Halocnemum, Halopeplis, Halostachys, Heterostachys, Kalidium, Microcnemum, Salicornia, Sarcocornia, Tecticornia
豬毛菜亞科(Salsoloideae) Anabasis, Arthrophytum, Caroxylon, Climacoptera, Cornulaca, Cyathobasis, Fredolia, Girgensohnia, Halarchon, Halimocnemis, Halocharis, Halogeton, Halothamnus, Haloxylon, Hammada, Horaninowia, Iljinia, Kali, Kaviria, Lagenantha, Nanophyton, Noaea, Nucularia, Ofaiston, Petrosimonia, Piptoptera, Physandra, Pyankovia, Rhaphidophyton, Salsola, Sympegma, Traganum, Traganopsis, Turania, Xylosalsola
鹼蓬亞科(Suaedoideae) Bienertia, Suaeda
待定 赤珠莧屬(Bosea)、炬莧樹屬(Charpentiera)

注釋[編輯]

  1. ^ 「莧」,拼音xiàn注音ㄒ一ㄢˋ中古擬音ghrenh

參考文獻[編輯]

  1. ^ Christenhusz, Maarten J.M.; Byng, James W. The number of known plants species in the world and its annual increase. Phytotaxa. 2016-05-20, 261 (3): 201 [2021-11-20]. ISSN 1179-3163. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.261.3.1. (原始內容存檔於2022-02-17). 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 林春吉. 台灣的水生與溼地植物 (M). 台北: 綠世界出版社. 2005. 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Kai Müller; Thomas Borsch. Phylogenetics of Amaranthaceae based on matK/trnK sequence data - Evidence from parsimony, likelihood and Bayesian analyses. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden: 66–102.