灵猫属

灵猫属; 化石时期：中新世至現今 PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N
	大靈貓（Viverra zibetha）
科学分类
界：	动物界 Animalia
门：	脊索动物门 Chordata
纲：	哺乳纲 Mammalia
目：	食肉目 Carnivora
科：	靈貓科 Viverridae
属：	灵猫属 Viverra; Linnaeus, 1758
模式種
	Viverra zibetha;
物種
	見內文
	靈貓屬的分布：大靈貓（紅色）、馬來靈貓（綠色）、馬拉巴靈貓（藍色）、大斑靈貓（紫色）

靈貓屬（學名：Viverra）是哺乳動物靈貓科下的一個屬，係由卡爾·林奈於1758年首次命名與描述，最初包含了包括大靈貓（V. zibetha）在內的數個物種^[2]。1821年，約翰·愛德華·格雷將本屬歸入靈貓科^[3]。

特徵

靈貓屬物種在外形上可藉由前足構造與靈貓亞科（英语：Viverrinae）的其他屬做為區別：靈貓屬的第三與第四趾具有皮瓣，可作為保護套包覆牠們可伸縮的爪，且足部的肉墊周圍圍繞著毛髮。牠們的頭骨長而狹窄，眶後突（英语：Postorbital process）較小，位置略偏前，介於前方前上頜骨尖端與後方枕嵴（英语：Occipital crest）之間中點的稍前處。矢狀嵴在成年個體中相對發達。頰部的眶下部分相對較短。顴弓前方骨骼與上頜骨之間的骨縫（英语：Suture (anatomy)），其長度遠短於鼻骨的中線長度、短於頰齒列長度的一半，也短於兩枕髁（英语：Occipital condyle）之間的寬度；此寬度則大於複合聽泡（英语：Auditory bulla）的長度^[4]。

現存物種

物種	圖像	IUCN紅色名錄狀態與分布
大靈貓（V. zibetha）Linnaeus, 1758		無危^[5]
馬來靈貓（V. tangalunga）Gray, 1832^[6]		無危^[7]
大斑靈貓（V. megaspila）Blyth, 1862^[8]		瀕危^[9]
馬拉巴靈貓（V. civettina）Blyth, 1862^[8]		極危^[10]

參考文獻

^ Viverra. 古生物學資料庫.
^ Linnaeus, C. Viverra. Caroli Linnæi Systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Holmiae: Laurentii Salvii. 1758: 43–44.
^ Gray, J. E. On the natural arrangement of vertebrose animals. London Medical Repository. 1821, 15 (1): 296–310.
^ Pocock, R. I. Genus Viverra Linnaeus. The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Mammalia. – Volume 1. London: Taylor and Francis. 1939: 344–354. 前文含有公有领域來源内容。
^ Timmins, R. J.; Duckworth, J. W.; Chutipong, W.; Ghimirey, Y.; Willcox, D. H. A.; Rahman, H.; Long, B. & Choudhury, A. Viverra zibetha. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2024 [6 July 2025]. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T41709A259358081.en .
^ Gray, J. E. On the family of Viverridae and its generic sub-divisions, with an enumeration of the species of several new ones. Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London. 1832, 2: 63–68.
^ Duckworth, J. W.; Mathai, J.; Wilting, A.; Holden, J.; Hearn, A. & Ross, J. Viverra tangalunga. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016. no identifier
^ ^8.0 ^8.1 Blyth, E. Report of Curator, Zoological Department, February 1862. The Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. 1862, 31 (3): 331–345.
^ Timmins, R.; Duckworth, J. W.; WWF-Malaysia; Roberton, S.; Gray, T. N. E.; Willcox, D. H. A.; Chutipong, W. & Long, B. Viverra megaspila. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016. no identifier
^ Mudappa, D.; Helgen, K. & Nandini, R. Viverra civettina. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016. no identifier

[1] Viverra. 古生物學資料庫.

[2] Linnaeus, C. Viverra. Caroli Linnæi Systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Holmiae: Laurentii Salvii. 1758: 43–44.

[Gray1821-3] Gray, J. E. On the natural arrangement of vertebrose animals. London Medical Repository. 1821, 15 (1): 296–310.

[Pocock1939-4] Pocock, R. I. Genus Viverra Linnaeus. The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Mammalia. – Volume 1. London: Taylor and Francis. 1939: 344–354. 前文含有公有领域來源内容。

[5] Timmins, R. J.; Duckworth, J. W.; Chutipong, W.; Ghimirey, Y.; Willcox, D. H. A.; Rahman, H.; Long, B. & Choudhury, A. Viverra zibetha. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2024 [6 July 2025]. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T41709A259358081.en .

[6] Gray, J. E. On the family of Viverridae and its generic sub-divisions, with an enumeration of the species of several new ones. Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London. 1832, 2: 63–68.

[7] Duckworth, J. W.; Mathai, J.; Wilting, A.; Holden, J.; Hearn, A. & Ross, J. Viverra tangalunga. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016. no identifier

[Blyth1862-8] 8.0 ^8.1 Blyth, E. Report of Curator, Zoological Department, February 1862. The Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. 1862, 31 (3): 331–345.

[9] Timmins, R.; Duckworth, J. W.; WWF-Malaysia; Roberton, S.; Gray, T. N. E.; Willcox, D. H. A.; Chutipong, W. & Long, B. Viverra megaspila. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016. no identifier

[10] Mudappa, D.; Helgen, K. & Nandini, R. Viverra civettina. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016. no identifier

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