莧科

莧科; 化石时期：第三纪至現代 PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N
	紫莖牛膝（Achyranthes splendens var. rotundata）
科学分类
界：	植物界 Plantae
演化支：	维管植物 Tracheophyta
演化支：	被子植物 Angiosperms
演化支：	真双子叶植物 Eudicots
目：	石竹目 Caryophyllales
科：	莧科 Amaranthaceae; Juss., 1789
亞科
	莧亞科 Amaranthoideae; 甜菜亞科 Betoideae; 藜亞科 Chenopodioideae; 千日紅亞科 Gomphrenoideae; 鹽角草亞科 Salicornioideae; 豬毛菜亞科 Salsoloideae;

莧科^{[註 1]}（学名：Amaranthaceae）包括160属大约2,400种植物，多为草本或灌木，稀有乔木或藤本^[1]^[2]。

莧科广泛分布在全世界，一般分布在亚热带和热带地区，但也有许多种也分布在温带甚至寒温带地区^[1]^[2]。

2003年的APG II 分类法将藜科合并到苋科中来，两者的唯一区别是苋科花被膜质，藜科附着粉状或皮屑状物；苋科蒴果，藜科胞果^[1]^[2]。

不包括藜科的苋科仅有65属大约900种，大部分生活在热带非洲和北美洲，许多品种可以在盐碱地生长，有的品种是杂草，也有花卉品种。如鸡冠花、千日红和老来少等^[1]^[2]。

苋科植物单叶对生或互生，叶缘有齿，大部分无托叶。

屬列表

亞科	屬
Amaranthoideae	Achyranthes, Achyropsis, Aerva, Allmania, Allmaniopsis, Amaranthus, Arthraerua, Bosea, Calicorema, Celosia, Centema, Centemopsis, Centrostachys, Chamissoa, Charpentiera, Chionothrix, Cyathula, Dasysphaera, Deeringia, Digera, Eriostylos, Henonia, Herbstia, Hermbstaedtia, Indobanalia, Kelita, Kyphocarpa, Lagrezia, Lecosia, Leucosphaera, Lopriorea, Marcelliopsis,Mechowia, Nelsia, Neocentema, Nothosaerva, Nyssanthes, Omegandra, Pandiaka, Pleuropetalum, Pleuropterantha, Polyrhabda, Pseudosericocoma, Psilotrichopsis, Psilotrichum, Ptilotus, Pupalia, Rosifax, Saltia, Sericocoma, Sericocomopsis, Sericorema, Sericostachys, Stilbanhtus, Trichuriella, Volkensinia, Wadithamnus
Gomphrenoideae	Alternanthera, Blutaparon, Froelichia, Froelichiella, Gomphrena, Gossypianthus, Guilleminea, Hebanthe, Hebanthodes, Irenella, Iresine, Lithophila, Pedersenia, Pfaffia, Pseudogomphrena, Pseudoplantago, Quaternella, Tidestromia, Woehleria, Xerosiphon
Betoideae	Acroglochin, Aphanisma, Beta, Hablitzia, Oreobliton, Patellifolia
Camphorosmoideae	Bassia, Camphorosma, Chenolea, Didymanthus, Dissocarpus, Enchylaena, Eokochia, Eremophea, Eriochiton, Grubovia, Maireana, Malacocera, Neobassia, Neokochia, Osteocarpum, Roycea, Sclerolaena, Sedobassia, Spirobassia, Threlkeldia
Chenopodioideae	Archiatriplex, Atriplex, Axyris, Baolia, Blitum, Ceratocarpus, Chenopodiastrum, Chenopodium, Cycloloma, Dysphania, Exomis, Extriplex, Grayia, Halimione, Holmbergia, Krascheninnikovia, Lipandra, Manochlamys, Microgynoecium, Micromonolepis, Oxybasis, Proatriplex, Spinacia, Stutzia, Suckleya, Teloxys
Corispermoideae	Agriophyllum, Anthochlamys, Corispermum
Polycnemoideae	Hemichroa, Nitrophila, Polycnemum, Surreya
Salicornioideae	Allenrolfea, Arthrocnemum, Halocnemum, Halopeplis, Halostachys, Heterostachys, Kalidium, Microcnemum, Salicornia, Sarcocornia, Tecticornia
Salsoloideae	Anabasis, Arthrophytum, Caroxylon, Climacoptera, Cornulaca, Cyathobasis, Fredolia, Girgensohnia, Halarchon, Halimocnemis, Halocharis, Halogeton, Halothamnus, Haloxylon, Hammada, Horaninowia, Iljinia, Kali, Kaviria, Lagenantha, Nanophyton, Noaea, Nucularia, Ofaiston, Petrosimonia, Piptoptera, Physandra, Pyankovia, Rhaphidophyton, Salsola, Sympegma, Traganum, Traganopsis, Turania, Xylosalsola
Suaedoideae	Bienertia, Suaeda

注释

^ 「莧」，拼音：xiàn，注音：ㄒ一ㄢˋ，中古擬音：ghrenh

参考文献

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 林春吉. 台灣的水生與溼地植物 (M). 台北: 綠世界出版社. 2005.
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 Kai Müller; Thomas Borsch. Phylogenetics of Amaranthaceae based on matK/trnK sequence data - Evidence from parsimony, likelihood and Bayesian analyses. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden: 66–102.

[1] 「莧」，拼音：xiàn，注音：ㄒ一ㄢˋ，中古擬音：ghrenh

[林春吉-2] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 林春吉. 台灣的水生與溼地植物 (M). 台北: 綠世界出版社. 2005.

[Müller-3] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 Kai Müller; Thomas Borsch. Phylogenetics of Amaranthaceae based on matK/trnK sequence data - Evidence from parsimony, likelihood and Bayesian analyses. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden: 66–102.

[註 1]

[1]

[2]