Frank, S.A. (1998). Foundations of social evolution. Princeton University Press, Princeton NJ.[1] (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
Hamilton, W.D. (1964). The genetical evolution of social behaviour I and II. — Journal of Theoretical Biology7: 1-16 and 17-52.
Korotayev, Andrey. World Religions and Social Evolution of the Old World Oikumene Civilizations: A Cross-cultural Perspective First Edition. Lewiston, New York: Edwin Mellen Press. 2004. ISBN 0-7734-6310-0. 引文格式1维护:冗余文本 (link)