胡蜂科
胡蜂科
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| 德國黃胡蜂 | |
科学分类 
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| 界： | 动物界 Animalia |
| 门： | 节肢动物门 Arthropoda |
| 纲： | 昆虫纲 Insecta |
| 目： | 膜翅目 Hymenoptera |
| 总科： | 胡蜂總科 Vespoidea |
| 科： | 胡蜂科 Vespidae |
| 亞科 | |
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蜾蠃亞科 Eumeninae | |
胡蜂科（Vespidae）是膜翅目胡蜂總科下的一個大科，其下有將近五千種生物，既有群居的蜂；也有獨居的蜂。其下的多種生物都是花粉的傳播者[1]。
胡蜂科下的馬蜂亞科（Polistinae）和胡蜂亞科（Vespinae）全部是群居性生物，而蜾蠃亞科、Euparagiinae和Masarinae與之完全相反，全部是獨居生物。只有狭腹胡蜂亚科的生物二者兼具。
馬蜂亞科和胡蜂亞科的生物並不直接取用獵物，而是在將其餵給幼蟲後食用幼蟲排出的含有高氨基酸的液體[2]。
下属分类
[编辑]本科包括以下属：[3]
- Acarepipona Giordani Soika, 1985
- Acutopterocheilus Kurzenko, 1988
- Aethiopicodynerus Gusenleitner, 1997
- Agalaia
- Agelaia Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau, 1836
- Alastoroides Saussure, 1856
- Alivespa Wu et al., 2020
- Alpha Dalla Torre, 1904
- Alstor
- Ancistrocerus Wesmael, 1836
- Ancystrocerus Dalla Torre, 1894
- Angiopolybia Araujo, 1946
- Anischnogaster
- Anthreneida White, 1841
- Apoica Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau, 1836
- Archaeovespa Wu et al., 2020
- Asiapterocheilus Kurzenko, 1988
- Asteloeca Raw, 1985
- Atropancistrocerus Blüthgen, 1938
- Baeoprymna Cameron, 1912
- Beta Dalla Torre, 1904
- Brachygastra Perty, 1833
- Caba Ihering, 1904
- Cesachilus Koçak et Kemal, 2010
- Chalogaster Carpenter et Starr, 2000
- Chartergellus Bequaert, 1938
- Charterginus Fox, 1898
- Chatergellus
- Clypearia de Saussure, 1854
- Clypeopolybia Brèthes, 1923
- Covextrocerus
- Curiosavespa
- Curiosivespa Rasnitsyn, 1975
- Cyanotiphia Cameron, 1907
- Cyrtalabulus
- Deuterapoica Dalla Torre, 1904
- Deuterepipona Blüthgen, 1951
- Didymogastra Perty, 1833
- Dolchivespula
- 长黄胡蜂属 Dolichovespula Rohwer, 1916
- Duckea Silveira, 2008
- Emeryrhynchium Gusenleitner, 2007
- Epicnemius Richards, 1973
- Epipona Latreille, 1802
- Estiella Giordani Soika, 1992
- Eualastor Dalla Torre, 1904
- Euceramius Dalla Torre, 1904
- Euleptochilus Bluthgen, 1943
- Eumenes Latreille, 1802
- Eumenidium
- Eumontezumia Dalla Torre, 1904
- Euodynerus Dalla Torre, 1904
- Eupolybia Dalla Torre, 1904
- Eurrhynchium Dalla Torre, 1904
- Eustennogaster ，也拼作 Eustenogaster
- Eusynagris Dalla Torre, 1904
- Extraepipona Gusenleitner, 2014
- Extreuodynerus Gusenleitner, 2007
- Fuscopolistes Richards, 1973
- Ghilarocheilus Kurzenko, 1988
- Gibberrhynchium Gusenleitner, 2002
- Gibbodynerus Gusenleitner, 2000
- Gnatho Klug, 1810
- Gribodiana Gusenleitner, 2011
- Gymnopolybia Ducke, 1914
- Hymenosmithia Dalla Torre, 1904
- Hypalastoroidwes
- Hypodynerus Saussure, 1855
- Icaria de Saussure, 1853
- Icariastrum Dalla Torre, 1904
- Immutatus Gusenleitner, 2011
- Indodynerus Gusenleitner, 2008
- Ischnogaster
- Ischogasteroides
- Kalliepipona Giordani Soika, 1952
- Leipomeles Möbius, 1856
- Leptocilus
- Leptopolistes Blüthgen, 1943
- Lionotus Thomson, 1870
- Liostenogaster
- Marimbonda Richards, 1978
- Masariella Brauns, 1905
- Megacanothopus
- Megacanthopus Ducke, 1904
- Megaodynerus
- Megapterocheilus Bohart, 1940
- Melissaia Shuckard, 1841
- Metapolybia Ducke, 1905
- Metischnogaster
- Micropterocheilus Bohart, 1940
- Mischocyttarius
- Mischocyttarus Saussure, 1853
- Mischocyttarys
- Mischocyytarus
- Monacanthocnemis Ducke, 1905
- Monerebia Saussure, 1852
- Monoplomerus Blüthgen, 1941
- Myrapetra White, 1841
- Myraptera Curtis, 1844
- Nectarina Shuckard, 1840
- Nectarinella Bequaert, 1938
- Neodiscoelius Stange, 1979
- Neopterocheilus Kurzenko, 1988
- Nicastrocerus
- Norteumenes Gusenleitner et Gusenleitner, 2013
- Nygmopolistes Richards, 1973
- Odnyerus
- 盾蜾蠃属 Latreille, 1802
- Okinawepipona Nguyen, Nguyen et Bozdoğan, 2018
- Onchopterocheilus Bohart, 1940
- Onerarius Richards, 1973
- Orientalicesa Koçak et Kemal, 2010
- Pachyodynerus
- Palaeopolistes Perrard et Carpenter, 2014
- Palaeopolybia Antropov, 2014
- 古黄蜂属 Palaeovespa Cockerell, 1906
- Palisotius Richards, 1973
- Paraceramius Saussure, 1855
- Parachartergus R.von Ihering, 1904
- Paraicaria Gribodo, 1892
- Parapolybia Saussure, 1854
- Pararhaphidoglossa von Schulthess, 1910
- Parastalor Blöthgen, 1939
- Parasymmorphus Gumming & van der Vecht, 1986
- Paratropancistrocerus Blüthgen, 1938
- Paravespa Bell, 1936
- 侧狭腹胡蜂属 Parischnogaster Schulthess, 1914
- Polistarchus Richards, 1973
- Polistoides Dalla Torre, 1904
- Polistoides Reemer
- Polistratus Cameron, 1906
- Polybia Richards, 1978
- Polybioides Buysson, 1913
- Priorparagia Brothers et Rasnitsyn, 2008
- Priorvespa Carpenter et Rasnitsyn, 1990
- Protapoica Dalla Torre, 1904
- Protonectarina Ducke, 1910
- Protopolistes Antropov, 2014
- Protopolybia Ducke, 1905
- Protovespa Perrard et Carpenter, 2017
- Provespa Ashmead, 1903
- Pseudepipona Blüthgen, 1938
- Pseudochartergus Ducke, 1905
- Pseudomicrodyneru
- Pseudonortonia Giordani Soika, 1936
- Pseudopolybia de Saussure, 1863
- Pseudopterochilus Kostuilev, 1940
- Pseudpolistes
- Psiloglossa Dalla Torre, 1894
- Rethus
- Rhaphidoglossa Dalla Torre, 1894
- 铃腹胡蜂属 Ropalidia Guérin-Méneville, 1831
- Sarochilus Gusenleitner, 1970
- Saryara Kuznetzov, 1923
- Saussurea Silveira, 2008
- Scytokeraia Cooper, 1997
- Sibyllina Westwood, 1868
- Simplepipona Gusenleitner, 2004
- Smithia Saussure, 1855
- Sphaerancistrocerus Antropov, 2014
- Stelopolybia Ducke, 1910
- Stenancistrocerus Blüthgen, 1938
- Stenochilus Giordani Soika, 1987
- Stenodyneroides Giordani Soika, 1940
- Stenodyneru
- Stenogaster Guérin, 1831
- Sybillina Dalla Torre, 1894
- Synoeca de Saussure, 1852
- Synoecoides Ducke, 1905
- Tanyzethus Cameron, 1910
- Tatua Saussure, 1854
- Tetrarthra Dalla Torre, 1904
- Triarthra Dalla Torre, 1904
- Trichinothorax Carpenter et Day, 1988
- Trichothorax Richards, 1978
- Ubirodynerus Borsato, 1994
- 胡蜂属 Linnaeus, 1758
- 黄胡蜂属 Thomson, 1869
- Wettsteinia Dalla Torre, 1904
- Zetamenes Bertoni, 1925
- Zethoides Fox, 1899
参考文献
[编辑]- ^ Sühs, R.B.; Somavilla, A.; Putzke, J.; Köhler, A. 2009.Pollen vector wasps (Hymenoptera, Vespidae) of Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi (Anacardiaceae), Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. Brazilian Journal of Biosciences 7, n. 2, p. 138-143.
- ^ Hunt, J. H., I. Baker, and H. G. Baker. 1982. Similarity of amino acids in nectar and larval saliva: the nutritional basis for trophallaxis in social wasps. Evolution 36: 1318-1322
- ^ Vespidae. GBIF. [2022-12-16]. （原始内容存档于2023-07-18）.
