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纹状体

维基百科,自由的百科全书
人类脑部的冠状切面图表现了基底核苍白球(globus pallidus)英语globus pallidus苍白球外核(globus pallidus external segment,GPe)英语External globus pallidus丘脑下核(subthalamic nucleus,STN)苍白球内核(globus pallidus internal segment,GPi)英语Internal globus pallidus,与黑质(substantia nigra,SN)

纹状体(英文:Striatum)是端脑皮质下的一部分,位于上丘脑。这是基底核的主要输入区。在解剖学上,纹状体包括了尾核(Caudate nucleus)和被壳(Putamen)。 具有调节肌肉张力、协调复杂运动的功能。纹状体依赖多巴胺才能正常工作,因此分泌多巴胺的细胞死亡(即黑质细胞),就会患帕金森疾病

历史

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在17世纪与18世纪时,词汇“Corpus striatum”(纹状体)用于称呼脑半球深色的皮质下部分(Vieussens, 1685)。福格茨(Vogts)(Cécile and Oskar, 1941)简化了命名法,提议将“striatum”词汇用在所有纹状的组成元素(参见主要基底核系统),包括尾核(Caudate nucleus)、被壳(Putamen)与基层纹体(fundus striati),后者是前述二部分连结至内囊(internal capsule)以下的腹侧部分。

“neostriatum”(新纹状体)是由比较解剖学家所创造的辞汇,他们比较了脊椎动物间的下皮质结构,因为新纹状体被认为是脑部纹状体的系统发生的新生部分。

参考文献

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  • Aosaki T, Kiuchi K & Kawaguchi Y (1998) Dopamine D1-like receptor activation excites rat striatal large aspiny neurons in vitro. J Neurosci 15, 5180–90
  • Apicella P (2002) Tonically active neurons in the primate striatum and their role in the processing of information about motivationally relevant events. Eur J Neurosci 16, 2017–26
  • Cossette, M., Lecomte, F. and Partent, A. (2005) Morphology and distribution of dopaminergic intrinsic to human striatum. J. Chem. Neuroanat. 29: 1-11
  • Holt DJ, Graybiel AM & Saper CB (1997) Neurochemical architecture of the human striatum. J Comp Neurol 21, 1–25
  • Morris G, Arkadir D, Nevet A, Vaadia E & Bergman H (2004) Coincident but distinct messages of midbrain dopamine and striatal tonically active neurons. Neuron 8, 133–43
  • Tepper JM & Bolam JP (2004) Functional diversity and specificity of neostriatal interneurons. Curr Opin Neurobiol 14, 685–92
  • Yamada H, Matsumoto N & Kimura M (2004) Tonically active neurons in the primate caudate nucleus and putamen differentially encode instructed motivational outcomes of action. J Neurosci 7, 3500–10
  • Yelnik, J., François, C., Percheron, G., Tandé, D. (1991) Morphological taxonomy of the neurons of the primate striatum. J. Comp. Neurol. 313:273-294
  • Zink, CF, Pagnoni G, Martin-Skurski ME, Chappelow JC, & Berns GS (2004). Human striatal responses to monetary reward depend on saliency. Neuron 42, 509-17


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