猪丁型冠状病毒

猪丁型冠状病毒
病毒分类
（未分级）：	病毒 Virus
域：	核糖病毒域 Riboviria
界：	正核糖病毒界 Orthornavirae
门：	小核糖病毒门 Pisuviricota
纲：	小南嵌套病毒纲 Pisoniviricetes
目：	套式病毒目 Nidovirales
科：	冠状病毒科 Coronaviridae
属：	丁型冠状病毒属 Deltacoronavirus
种：	猪丁型冠状病毒 Porcine coronavirus HKU15
异名
	Swine deltacoronavirus;

猪丁型冠状病毒（学名：Porcine coronavirus HKU15、PorCoV、PdCV），又称冠状病毒HKU15（Coronavirus HKU15），是丁型冠状病毒属的一种病毒，可感染猪，造成痢疾与呕吐等肠胃症状，与猪传染性胃肠炎病毒（TGEV）、猪流行性腹泻病毒（PEDV）等冠状病毒感染的症状相似^[1]。

此病毒与麻雀冠状病毒HKU17（SpCoV HKU17）和鹌鹑冠状病毒HKU30（QuaCoV UAE-HKU30）的复制酶保守区域的胺基酸序列相似度高于90%，显示三种病毒应为同一物种的不同亚种^[2]。

研究历史

猪丁型冠状病毒最早于2012年在香港的一次动物冠状病毒检测中在猪的粪便样本中被发现^[3]，当时尚不知其感染所造成的症状^[4]。2014年2月，美国俄亥俄州的一处养猪场爆发猪只痢疾的疫情，于粪便样本中又发现了猪丁型冠状病毒^[5]^[4]，同年此病毒的基因组定序完成^[6]。随后猪丁型冠状病毒又多次在亚洲与北美洲的猪只痢疾疫情中被发现。除了感染肠道外，此病毒可能也可感染猪只的呼吸道^[7]。

2021年发表的研究在海地三名发烧的病童样本中发现了猪丁型冠状病毒，感染毒株的非结构蛋白nsp15与刺突蛋白皆发生突变^[8]。

基因组

猪丁型冠状病毒的基因组约长25400nt，编码冠状病毒皆有的复制酶（1a/1b）和刺突蛋白（S）、膜蛋白（M）、外膜蛋白（E）与衣壳蛋白（N）等四种结构蛋白，另外还有两个开放阅读框NS6与NS7编码两种辅助蛋白，其基因排列顺序为1ab-S-E-M-NS6-N-NS7，其中NS7的开放阅读框位于衣壳蛋白的开放阅读框之内^[3]。

参见

以下为其他感染猪的冠状病毒：

参考文献

^ Ma, Yuanmei; Zhang, Yu; Liang, Xueya; Lou, Fangfei; Oglesbee, Michael; Krakowka, Steven; Li, Jianrong; Parker, John; Griffin, Diane E. Origin, Evolution, and Virulence of Porcine Deltacoronaviruses in the United States. mBio. 2015, 6 (2). ISSN 2150-7511. doi:10.1128/mBio.00064-15.
^ Lau, Susanna K. P.; Wong, Emily Y. M.; Tsang, Chi-Ching; Ahmed, Syed Shakeel; Au-Yeung, Rex K. H.; Yuen, Kwok-Yung; Wernery, Ulrich; Woo, Patrick C. Y.; Gallagher, Tom. Discovery and Sequence Analysis of Four Deltacoronaviruses from Birds in the Middle East Reveal Interspecies Jumping with Recombination as a Potential Mechanism for Avian-to-Avian and Avian-to-Mammalian Transmission. Journal of Virology. 2018, 92 (15). ISSN 0022-538X. doi:10.1128/JVI.00265-18.
^ ^3.0 ^3.1 Woo, P. C. Y.; Lau, S. K. P.; Lam, C. S. F.; Lau, C. C. Y.; Tsang, A. K. L.; Lau, J. H. N.; Bai, R.; Teng, J. L. L.; Tsang, C. C. C.; Wang, M.; Zheng, B.-J.; Chan, K.-H.; Yuen, K.-Y. Discovery of Seven Novel Mammalian and Avian Coronaviruses in the Genus Deltacoronavirus Supports Bat Coronaviruses as the Gene Source of Alphacoronavirus and Betacoronavirus and Avian Coronaviruses as the Gene Source of Gammacoronavirus and Deltacoronavirus. Journal of Virology. 2012, 86 (7): 3995–4008. ISSN 0022-538X. doi:10.1128/JVI.06540-11.
^ ^4.0 ^4.1 Wang, Leyi; Byrum, Beverly; Zhang, Yan. Porcine Coronavirus HKU15 Detected in 9 US States, 2014. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2014, 20 (9): 1594–1595. ISSN 1080-6040. doi:10.3201/eid2009.140756.
^ Ohio Department of Agriculture finds new pig virus. Reuters. 2014-02-12 [2020-02-17]. （原始内容存档于2020-01-31）.
^ Wang, L.; Zhang, Y.; Byrum, B. Complete Genome Sequence of Porcine Coronavirus HKU15 Strain IN2847 from the United States. Genome Announcements. 2014, 2 (2). ISSN 2169-8287. doi:10.1128/genomeA.00291-14.
^ Woo, Patrick CY; Lau, Susanna KP; Tsang, Chi-Ching; Lau, Candy CY; Wong, Po-Chun; Chow, Franklin WN; Fong, Jordan YH; Yuen, Kwok-Yung. Coronavirus HKU15 in respiratory tract of pigs and first discovery of coronavirus quasispecies in 5′-untranslated region. Emerging Microbes & Infections. 2019, 6 (1): 1–7. ISSN 2222-1751. doi:10.1038/emi.2017.37.
^ Lednicky JA, Tagliamonte MS, White SK, Elbadry MA, Alam MM, Stephenson CJ; et al. Independent infections of porcine deltacoronavirus among Haitian children.. Nature. 2021, 600 (7887): 133–137. PMC 8636265 . PMID 34789872. doi:10.1038/s41586-021-04111-z.

[MaZhang2015-1] Ma, Yuanmei; Zhang, Yu; Liang, Xueya; Lou, Fangfei; Oglesbee, Michael; Krakowka, Steven; Li, Jianrong; Parker, John; Griffin, Diane E. Origin, Evolution, and Virulence of Porcine Deltacoronaviruses in the United States. mBio. 2015, 6 (2). ISSN 2150-7511. doi:10.1128/mBio.00064-15.

[LauWong2018-2] Lau, Susanna K. P.; Wong, Emily Y. M.; Tsang, Chi-Ching; Ahmed, Syed Shakeel; Au-Yeung, Rex K. H.; Yuen, Kwok-Yung; Wernery, Ulrich; Woo, Patrick C. Y.; Gallagher, Tom. Discovery and Sequence Analysis of Four Deltacoronaviruses from Birds in the Middle East Reveal Interspecies Jumping with Recombination as a Potential Mechanism for Avian-to-Avian and Avian-to-Mammalian Transmission. Journal of Virology. 2018, 92 (15). ISSN 0022-538X. doi:10.1128/JVI.00265-18.

[WooLau2012-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Woo, P. C. Y.; Lau, S. K. P.; Lam, C. S. F.; Lau, C. C. Y.; Tsang, A. K. L.; Lau, J. H. N.; Bai, R.; Teng, J. L. L.; Tsang, C. C. C.; Wang, M.; Zheng, B.-J.; Chan, K.-H.; Yuen, K.-Y. Discovery of Seven Novel Mammalian and Avian Coronaviruses in the Genus Deltacoronavirus Supports Bat Coronaviruses as the Gene Source of Alphacoronavirus and Betacoronavirus and Avian Coronaviruses as the Gene Source of Gammacoronavirus and Deltacoronavirus. Journal of Virology. 2012, 86 (7): 3995–4008. ISSN 0022-538X. doi:10.1128/JVI.06540-11.

[WangByrum2014-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Wang, Leyi; Byrum, Beverly; Zhang, Yan. Porcine Coronavirus HKU15 Detected in 9 US States, 2014. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2014, 20 (9): 1594–1595. ISSN 1080-6040. doi:10.3201/eid2009.140756.

[5] Ohio Department of Agriculture finds new pig virus. Reuters. 2014-02-12 [2020-02-17]. （原始内容存档于2020-01-31）.

[WangZhang2014-6] Wang, L.; Zhang, Y.; Byrum, B. Complete Genome Sequence of Porcine Coronavirus HKU15 Strain IN2847 from the United States. Genome Announcements. 2014, 2 (2). ISSN 2169-8287. doi:10.1128/genomeA.00291-14.

[WooLau2019-7] Woo, Patrick CY; Lau, Susanna KP; Tsang, Chi-Ching; Lau, Candy CY; Wong, Po-Chun; Chow, Franklin WN; Fong, Jordan YH; Yuen, Kwok-Yung. Coronavirus HKU15 in respiratory tract of pigs and first discovery of coronavirus quasispecies in 5′-untranslated region. Emerging Microbes & Infections. 2019, 6 (1): 1–7. ISSN 2222-1751. doi:10.1038/emi.2017.37.

[pmid34789872-8] Lednicky JA, Tagliamonte MS, White SK, Elbadry MA, Alam MM, Stephenson CJ; et al. Independent infections of porcine deltacoronavirus among Haitian children.. Nature. 2021, 600 (7887): 133–137. PMC 8636265 . PMID 34789872. doi:10.1038/s41586-021-04111-z.

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