阿勒坡战役 (2024年)
 | 本文记述一起进行中的武装冲突。随着事态变化，内容或许会迅速更新。 |
| 2024年阿勒坡战役 | |||||||||
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| 叙利亚内战2024年西北叙利亚战役的一部分 | |||||||||
,_Aleppo.svg) 阿勒坡市战况地图： 由阿拉伯叙利亚共和国掌控
由叙利亚反对派掌控
由叙利亚民主力量掌控 | |||||||||
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| 参战方 | |||||||||
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| 伤亡与损失 | |||||||||
| 至少12名成员阵亡[12] |
 至少12名士兵阵亡[10]4辆T-55主战坦克被掳获[13] 1件铠甲导弹系统被掳获[14] | ||||||||
| 22名平民遭杀害[15][16] | |||||||||
2024年11月29日，2024年西北叙利亚战役开始的第三天，叙利亚反对派组织沙姆解放组织与其他受土耳其支持的军事组织一同攻进叙利亚阿拉伯政府陆军掌控的阿勒坡市。[17][18][19]这是自2012年第一次反对派攻势以来阿勒坡首次爆发战斗，[20]当时最终是由阿萨德政权的政府军于2016年完全收复。[21][12][22]
2024年11月30日，随著政府军的崩溃，反对派组织已占领了该市大部分地区。[23][24]
背景
[编辑]2024年11月27日，由沙姆解放组织（HTS）领导的叙利亚反对派各势力对叙利亚西北部的亲政府军发动攻势。这是反对派继2020年3月伊德利卜停火协议之后再度在叙利亚西北部发动攻势。在本次攻势开始后，反对派已成功占领阿勒颇省和伊德利布省约70个村镇。[25][26]
攻势
[编辑]
反对派势力于2024年11月29日来到阿勒坡市近郊，在经过两次自杀式汽车炸弹之后，反对派成功从西南方进入阿勒坡市，攻入哈姆达尼亚（Al-Hamdaniya / الحمدانية）、阿勒坡新城等城区。[21]反对派势力在当天下午占领了哈姆达尼亚、阿勒坡新城、三千公寓计画区（3000 Apartments / مشروع 3000 شقة）、贾米利亚（Al-Jamiliya / الجميلية）和萨拉丁（Salah al-Din / صلاح الدين）五个城区。[23]到了午夜，反对派继续攻入并占领了苏卡里亚（Al-Sukariyya / السكري）、福尔坎（Al-Furqan / الفرقان）、阿达米亚（Al-Adhamiya / الأعظمية）和赛义夫·道拉（Saif al-Dawla / سيف الدولة）城区的一部份，并宣称已掌控了阿勒坡市中心。[27][28][29]
在反对派势力入侵主城区数小时后，数千名平民通过主要的卡纳西尔阿特里耶（Khanasir Athriya）交流道逃离该市，其中大多数前往拉塔基亚和塞莱米耶。[7]
反对派势力随后发出疏散警告，呼吁阿勒坡居民“为了自身安全”向东避难。[30]叙利亚官方媒体报道称，反抗军发射的炮弹击中了阿勒颇大学的学生宿舍，造成四人死亡，其中包括两名学生。[31]
2024年11月30日凌晨，反对派势力占领了阿勒颇城堡与市政府总部，[27][32][33]阿勒坡到了早上以大多在反对派的掌控下，几乎没有遇到任何抵抗，迫使亲政府部队向塞菲拉方向撤退。[24]政府军和伊朗民兵仍然控制著阿勒坡东北部的一些城区。[34]俄罗斯军队放弃了该市周围至少三个军事基地。[4]
在亲政府部队撤离的同时，库德族的叙利亚民主力量（SDF）占领了阿勒颇国际机场和谢赫纳贾尔城区。[6]反对派势力对库德族控制的谢赫马克苏德（Sheikh Maqsoud）城区入侵失败，导致3名成员被俘。[35]30日晚上，反对派在没有发生冲突的情况下从SDF手上控制了阿勒坡机场。[36]据报道，由俄罗斯发动的一次空袭造成该市16名平民死亡，另有20人受伤。[16]另外两次对市郊反对派援军的空袭导致20名成员死亡。[37]叙利亚北部和东部自治政府（AANES）在当天报告称已协助2892名难民从阿勒坡进入叙利亚西北部。[38]
2024年12月1日，HTS占领了市郊的热电站、野战炮兵学院和军事学院，同时SDF与叙利亚国民军（SNA）在谢赫纳贾尔工业区交战，并关闭了连接阿勒坡北部乡村地区和阿勒坡市中心的道路。[11]当天稍晚，为了应对反对派势力在阿勒坡取得的迅速进展，AANES宣布进入总动员状态。[39]反对派则要求库德族武装带著武器离开阿勒坡并退到东北部。[40]
反应
[编辑]
叙利亚：叙利亚阿拉伯政府陆军（SAAF）发誓要击退这次袭击，并指责反对派散布有关其进展的“虚假讯息”。[41]然而军队后来承认反对派在该市“大部分地区”取得了进展，并报告称“数十名”士兵被杀，迫使其重新部署“旨在加强防线，以吸收攻击”并“保护平民和士兵的生命”。据报道，政府还准备反击，而该市内的反对派集结处遭到空袭。[10]
土耳其：土耳其外交部长哈坎·菲丹重申土耳其并没有参与阿勒坡持续的冲突。他还表示，政府正在采取“必要措施”，以避免边境再次发生移民危机。[42]
参考文献
[编辑]- ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 In parallel with the continuation of the "Deterrence of Aggression" operation: More than 30 airstrikes and the killing of about 100 members of the regime forces, the Authority and the factions in the Aleppo countryside. Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. 27 November 2024 [27 November 2024] （Arabic）.
- ^ Weeks after the Syrian Observatory published the preparations... "Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham" attacks the Aleppo countryside in the "Response to Aggression" operation. Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. 27 November 2024 [27 November 2024] （Arabic）.
- ^ Coinciding with the Authority's attack on the regime forces' positions in the Aleppo countryside... a squadron of Russian aircraft flies in the "Putin-Erdogan" airspace. Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. 27 November 2024 [27 November 2024] （Arabic）.
- ^ 4.0 4.1 Syrian rebels capture majority of Aleppo as Russia’s forces abandon bases. Telegraph. 30 November 2024 [30 November 2024]. （原始内容存档于2024-12-01）.
- ^ IRGC commander killed by rebels in Aleppo amid clashes. Rudaw. 28 November 2024 [2024-12-01]. （原始内容存档于2024-11-28）.
- ^ 6.0 6.1 6.2 بعد انسحاب الميليشيات الإيرانية وقوات النظام.. القوات الكردية تنتشر في مطار حلب الدولي ونبل والزهراء وتسيطر على الحواجز [After the withdrawal of Iranian militias and regime forces. Kurdish forces deploy in Aleppo International Airport, Nubl and Zahraa and control the checkpoints]. SOHR. 30 November 2024 [30 November 2024] （Arabic）.
- ^ 7.0 7.1 Syrian military confirms rebel forces overran Aleppo as thousands of civilians flee fighting. The National News. 30 November 2024 [29 November 2024]. （原始内容存档于2024-12-01）.
- ^ Russian strikes hit Aleppo as rebels take control. BBC. 30 November 2024 [2024-12-01]. （原始内容存档于2024-11-30）.
- ^ Syrian army withdraws troops from Aleppo to prepare counteroffensive. Politico. 30 November 2024 [2024-12-01]. （原始内容存档于2024-12-01）.
- ^ 10.0 10.1 10.2 Syrian rebels sweep into Aleppo, army says dozens of soldiers killed. Reuters. 30 November 2024 [30 November 2024] （English）.
- ^ 11.0 11.1 "Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham" and "National Army" control the towns of Khanaser and Al-Safira, Kuweires Airport in the Aleppo countryside, and military sites on the outskirts of Aleppo. SOHR. 1 December 2024 [1 December 2024] （Arabic）.
- ^ 12.0 12.1 Insurgents breach Syria's second-largest city Aleppo, fighters and a war monitor say. AP News. 2024-11-29 [2024-11-29] （英语）.
- ^ Insurgents' attack on Assad-controlled Aleppo revives Syrian war after five-year truce. www.euronews.com. [2024-11-29]. （原始内容存档于2024-11-30）.
- ^ The thermal power station in Aleppo city has been captured and a Pantsyr S1 air defense system has been seized by rebels. [2024-12-01]. （原始内容存档于2024-12-01）.
- ^ Dramatic escalation | Six students ki*lled and wounded in rocket fire by rebels on university student dormitory in Aleppo city. SOHR. 29 November 2024 [29 November 2024].
- ^ 16.0 16.1 استشهاد 16 شخص.. مجزرة مروعة ترتكبها الطائرات الحربية في مدينة حلب [16 people killed.. A horrific massacre committed by warplanes in the city of Aleppo]. SOHR. 30 November 2024 [30 November 2024] （Arabic）.
- ^ Syrian troops withdraw from Aleppo as rebels advance. BBC News. [2024-12-01]. （原始内容存档于2024-12-01）.
The latest offensive has been led by an Islamist militant group known at Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS) and allied factions backed by Turkey.
- ^ Syrian rebels sweep into Aleppo, Russia conducts strikes in support of Assad. Reuters.
With Assad backed by Russia and Iran, and Turkey supporting some of the rebels in the northwest where it maintains troops, the offensive has brought into focus the conflict's knotted geopolitics.
- ^ Aleppo: Rebels 'take control' of airport as thousands of fighters seize most of Syria's second-biggest city. Sky.
The insurgents, led by the Islamist militant group Hayat Tahrir al Sham and including Turkey-backed fighters, also claim to be in control of all of Idlib province after launching their offensive on Wednesday.
- ^ Setbacks for Russia, Iran and Hezbollah Turn Into a Catastrophe for Syria's Assad. Nov 30, 2024 [Nov 30, 2024]. （原始内容存档于2024-12-01）.
- ^ 21.0 21.1 بعد تفجير سيارتين مفخختين.. فصائل عملية "ردع العدوان" تدخل أجزاء من أحياء في مدينة حلب [After detonating two car bombs, the factions of the "Deterrence of Aggression" operation enter parts of neighborhoods in the city of Aleppo]. SOHR. 29 November 2024 [29 November 2024] （Arabic）.
- ^ Syrian rebels defend gains in Aleppo, push south. The Washington Post. November 30, 2024 [November 30, 2024]. （原始内容存档于2024-12-01）.
- ^ 23.0 23.1 وسط انهيار قوات النظام.. "الهيئة" والفصائل تسيطران على 5 أحياء في مدينة حلب و20 بلدة وقرية في ريفي حلب وإدلب [Amidst the collapse of the regime forces.. "Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham" and the factions control 5 neighborhoods in the city of Aleppo and 20 towns and villages in the countryside of Aleppo and Idlib]. 29 November 2024 [29 November 2024] （Arabic）.
- ^ 24.0 24.1 بعد غياب لنحو 8 سنوات.. الطيران الحربي يستهدف أحياء حلب.. وقوات "ردع العدوان" تتوغل في غالبية أحياء مدينة حلب [After an absence of about 8 years. Warplanes target Aleppo neighborhoods. and the "Deterrence of Aggression" forces penetrate most of Aleppo city neighborhoods]. SOHR. 30 November 2024 [30 November 2024] （Arabic）.
- ^ Syria insurgents breach second largest city of Aleppo, fighters and war monitor say. Voice of America. 2024-11-29 [2024-11-29] （英语）.
- ^ Armed groups opposed to Assad's regime in Syria enter Aleppo city center. Anadolu Agency. [2024-11-29]. （原始内容存档于2024-11-29）.
- ^ 27.0 27.1 After controlling 5 neighborhoods, "Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham" and factions enter the streets of a number of other neighborhoods in Aleppo city. SOHR. 29 November 2024 [29 November 2024] （Arabic）.
- ^ الميليشيات تعلن سيطرتها على قلعة حلب [Militias announce control over Aleppo Citadel]. ElKhabar. 2024-11-29 [2024-11-29]. （原始内容存档于2024-12-01） （阿拉伯语）.
- ^ Musa, Shelan Sheikh. سيطرة المعارضة السورية على قلعة حلب وأحياء بوسط المدينة [Syrian opposition takes control of Aleppo Citadel and downtown neighborhoods]. Solution Net. 2024-11-29 [2024-11-29]. （原始内容存档于2024-11-29） （阿拉伯语）.
- ^ Abdulrahim, Raja. Syrian Rebels Reach Outskirts of Major City in Escalating Offensive. The New York Times. 29 November 2024 [29 November 2024]. （原始内容存档于2024-12-01）.
- ^ El Deeb, Sarah. In a shock offensive, insurgents breach Syria's largest city for the first time since 2016. Associated Press. 30 November 2024 [30 November 2024].
- ^ Syrian opposition enters Aleppo, takes control of government headquarters and citadel. Al Jazeera. 29 November 2024: Arabic [29 November 2024]. （原始内容存档于2024-11-30）.
- ^ Abdulrahim, Raja. Syrian Rebels Breach City of Aleppo, in Biggest Advance in Years. The New York Times. 29 November 2024 [29 November 2024].
- ^ Kourdi, Eyad. Syrian rebels take control of most of Aleppo city. CNN. 2024-11-30 [2024-11-30] （英语）.
- ^ HPC arrests mercenaries tried to infiltrate Sheikh Maqsoud. ANHA. 30 November 2024 [30 November 2024]. （原始内容存档于2024-11-30）.
- ^ "الهيئة" تسيطر على مطار حلب الدولي والعديد من المدن والبلدات في ريف حماة الشمالي وسط انهيار كامل لقوات النظام ["The Authority" controls Aleppo International Airport and many cities and towns in the northern Hama countryside amid a complete collapse of the regime forces]. SOHR. 30 November 2024 [30 November 2024] （Arabic）.
- ^ Armed rebels occupy centre of Aleppo, Syria's largest city. Euronews. 30 November 2024 [29 November 2024]. （原始内容存档于2024-12-01）.
- ^ AANES facilitates entry of 2,892 returnees from Aleppo into NE Syria. ANHA. 30 November 2024 [1 December 2024] （English）.
- ^ Democratic Autonomous Administration declares stage of general mobilization. ANHA. 1 December 2024 [1 December 2024]. （原始内容存档于2024-12-01） （English）.
- ^ Fighting Rages in Syria as Rebels Advance. The New York Times. 1 December 2024 [1 December 2024]. （原始内容存档于2024-12-01） （English）.
- ^ In a shock offensive, insurgents breach Syria's largest city for the first time since 2016. AP News. 2024-11-29 [2024-11-29] （英语）.
- ^ Syrian rebels enter Aleppo three days into surprise offensive. ARK. [30 November 2024] （英国英语）.