星雲和星團總表

星雲和星團總表（CN，Catalogue of Nebulae and Clusters of Stars）是威廉·赫歇爾和他的助手卡羅琳·赫歇爾編輯的天體目錄，初版在1786年發行。之後，他的兒子約翰·赫歇爾擴充另編一本星雲和星團總表（GC，General Catalogue of Nebulae and Clusters of Stars），並在1864年出版。CN和GC是目前所使用，由約翰·路易·埃米爾·德雷耳編輯的星雲和星團新總表（NGC，New General Catalogue）的前身。

歷史

星雲和星團總表（CN）是威廉·赫歇爾編輯，初版於1786年由自然科學會報發行^[1]在1789年，他另外加印了1,000本^[2]，最後在1802年再發行500本^[3]，總數成為2,500本。這是最先採用字母和數字的組合最為識別碼的目錄，以大寫字母"H"接續數字來代表條目^[4]。

在1864年，CN被他的兒子約翰·赫歇爾擴充成為星雲和星團總表（GC ）^[5]。GC收錄了5,079個天體。稍後，補充的版本加入了多星和雙星，稱為10,300多星和雙星總目錄^[6]，以小寫字母"h"跟隨着數字編號代表條目^[4]

在1878年，約翰·路易·埃米爾·德雷耳出版了擴充的總目錄 ^[7]在1886年，他建議再次補充總目錄，但英國皇家天文學會要求他編一本全新的目錄來取代。這導致在1888年出版了星雲和星團新總表（NGC）^[8]，和它的兩個擴充版：1895年和1908年的索引星表（IC，Index Catalogue）^[9]^[10]。

參考資料

^ Herschel, W. Catalogue of One Thousand New Nebulae and Clusters of Stars. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. 1786, 76: 457–499. Bibcode:1786RSPT...76..457H. doi:10.1098/rstl.1786.0027.
^ Herschel, W. Catalogue of a Second Thousand of New Nebulae and Clusters of Stars; with a Few Introductory Remarks on the Construction of the Heavens. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. 1789, 79: 212–255. Bibcode:1789RSPT...79..212H. doi:10.1098/rstl.1789.0021.
^ Herschel, W. Catalogue of 500 New Nebulae, Nebulous Stars, Planetary Nebulae, and Clusters of Stars; with Remarks on the Construction of the Heavens. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. 1802, 92: 477–528. Bibcode:1802RSPT...92..477H. doi:10.1098/rstl.1802.0021.
^ ^4.0 ^4.1 Joseph S. Tenn. Keepers of the Double Stars. Journal of Astronomical History and Heritage. 29 April 2013, 16 (1): 81-93 (March 2013). Bibcode:2013JAHH...16...81T. ISSN 1440-2807. arXiv:1304.5494 .
^ Herschel, J. F. W. Catalogue of Nebulae and Clusters of Stars. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. 1864, 154: 1–137. Bibcode:1864RSPT..154....1H. doi:10.1098/rstl.1864.0001.
^ John Frederick William Herschel - Biography. The European Graduate School Library. [22 October 2013]. （原始內容存檔於2013年10月23日）.
^ Dreyer, J. L. E. A Supplement to Sir John Herschel's "General Catalogue of Nebulae and Clusters of Stars" (PDF). Transactions of the Royal Irish Academy. 1878, 26: 391–426. JSTOR 30079091.
^ Dreyer, J. L. E. A New General Catalogue of Nebulae and Clusters of Stars, Being the Catalogue of the Late Sir John F.W. Herschel, Bart., Revised, Corrected, and Enlarged (PDF). Memoirs of the Royal Astronomical Society. 1888, 49: 1–237. Bibcode:1888MmRAS..49....1D.
^ Dreyer, J. L. E. Index Catalogue of Nebulae Found in the Years 1888 to 1894, with Notes and Corrections to the New General Catalogue. Memoirs of the Royal Astronomical Society. 1895, 51: 185–228. Bibcode:1895MmRAS..51..185D.
^ Dreyer, J. L. E. Second Index Catalogue of Nebulae and Clusters of Stars; Containing Objects Found in the Years 1895 to 1907, with Notes and Corrections to the New General Catalogue and to the Index Catalogue for 1888–94 (PDF). Memoirs of the Royal Astronomical Society. 1908, 59: 105–198. Bibcode:1908MmRAS..59..105D.

外部連結

William Herschel's catalog of Deep Sky objects （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）
A general catalogue of nebulæ and clusters of stars, arranged in order of right ascension and reduced to the common epoch 1860.0 (with precessions computed for the epoch 1880.0) (1864). archive.org. 外部連結存在於|work= (幫助)

[1] Herschel, W. Catalogue of One Thousand New Nebulae and Clusters of Stars. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. 1786, 76: 457–499. Bibcode:1786RSPT...76..457H. doi:10.1098/rstl.1786.0027.

[2] Herschel, W. Catalogue of a Second Thousand of New Nebulae and Clusters of Stars; with a Few Introductory Remarks on the Construction of the Heavens. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. 1789, 79: 212–255. Bibcode:1789RSPT...79..212H. doi:10.1098/rstl.1789.0021.

[3] Herschel, W. Catalogue of 500 New Nebulae, Nebulous Stars, Planetary Nebulae, and Clusters of Stars; with Remarks on the Construction of the Heavens. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. 1802, 92: 477–528. Bibcode:1802RSPT...92..477H. doi:10.1098/rstl.1802.0021.

[Tenn-2013-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Joseph S. Tenn. Keepers of the Double Stars. Journal of Astronomical History and Heritage. 29 April 2013, 16 (1): 81-93 (March 2013). Bibcode:2013JAHH...16...81T. ISSN 1440-2807. arXiv:1304.5494 .

[5] Herschel, J. F. W. Catalogue of Nebulae and Clusters of Stars. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. 1864, 154: 1–137. Bibcode:1864RSPT..154....1H. doi:10.1098/rstl.1864.0001.

[6] John Frederick William Herschel - Biography. The European Graduate School Library. [22 October 2013]. （原始內容存檔於2013年10月23日）.

[7] Dreyer, J. L. E. A Supplement to Sir John Herschel's "General Catalogue of Nebulae and Clusters of Stars" (PDF). Transactions of the Royal Irish Academy. 1878, 26: 391–426. JSTOR 30079091.

[Dryer1888-8] Dreyer, J. L. E. A New General Catalogue of Nebulae and Clusters of Stars, Being the Catalogue of the Late Sir John F.W. Herschel, Bart., Revised, Corrected, and Enlarged (PDF). Memoirs of the Royal Astronomical Society. 1888, 49: 1–237. Bibcode:1888MmRAS..49....1D.

[9] Dreyer, J. L. E. Index Catalogue of Nebulae Found in the Years 1888 to 1894, with Notes and Corrections to the New General Catalogue. Memoirs of the Royal Astronomical Society. 1895, 51: 185–228. Bibcode:1895MmRAS..51..185D.

[10] Dreyer, J. L. E. Second Index Catalogue of Nebulae and Clusters of Stars; Containing Objects Found in the Years 1895 to 1907, with Notes and Corrections to the New General Catalogue and to the Index Catalogue for 1888–94 (PDF). Memoirs of the Royal Astronomical Society. 1908, 59: 105–198. Bibcode:1908MmRAS..59..105D.

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歷史

相關條目

參考資料

外部連結