星云和星团总表

星云和星团总表（CN，Catalogue of Nebulae and Clusters of Stars）是威廉·赫歇尔和他的助手卡罗琳·赫歇尔编辑的天体目录，初版在1786年发行。之后，他的儿子约翰·赫歇尔扩充另编一本星云和星团总表（GC，General Catalogue of Nebulae and Clusters of Stars），并在1864年出版。CN和GC是目前所使用，由约翰·路易·埃米尔·德雷耳编辑的星云和星团新总表（NGC，New General Catalogue）的前身。

历史[编辑]

星云和星团总表（CN）是威廉·赫歇尔编辑，初版于1786年由自然科学会报发行^[1]在1789年，他另外加印了1,000本^[2]，最后在1802年再发行500本^[3]，总数成为2,500本。这是最先采用字母和数字的组合最为识别码的目录，以大写字母"H"接续数字来代表条目^[4]。

在1864年，CN被他的儿子约翰·赫歇尔扩充成为星云和星团总表（GC ）^[5]。GC收录了5,079个天体。稍后，补充的版本加入了多星和双星，称为10,300多星和双星总目录^[6]，以小写字母"h"跟随着数字编号代表条目^[4]

在1878年，约翰·路易·埃米尔·德雷耳出版了扩充的总目录 ^[7]在1886年，他建议再次补充总目录，但英国皇家天文学会要求他编一本全新的目录来取代。这导致在1888年出版了星云和星团新总表（NGC）^[8]，和它的两个扩充版：1895年和1908年的索引星表（IC，Index Catalogue）^[9]^[10]。

参考资料[编辑]

^ Herschel, W. Catalogue of One Thousand New Nebulae and Clusters of Stars. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. 1786, 76: 457–499. Bibcode:1786RSPT...76..457H. doi:10.1098/rstl.1786.0027.
^ Herschel, W. Catalogue of a Second Thousand of New Nebulae and Clusters of Stars; with a Few Introductory Remarks on the Construction of the Heavens. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. 1789, 79: 212–255. Bibcode:1789RSPT...79..212H. doi:10.1098/rstl.1789.0021.
^ Herschel, W. Catalogue of 500 New Nebulae, Nebulous Stars, Planetary Nebulae, and Clusters of Stars; with Remarks on the Construction of the Heavens. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. 1802, 92: 477–528. Bibcode:1802RSPT...92..477H. doi:10.1098/rstl.1802.0021.
^ ^4.0 ^4.1 Joseph S. Tenn. Keepers of the Double Stars. Journal of Astronomical History and Heritage. 29 April 2013, 16 (1): 81-93 (March 2013). Bibcode:2013JAHH...16...81T. ISSN 1440-2807. arXiv:1304.5494 .
^ Herschel, J. F. W. Catalogue of Nebulae and Clusters of Stars. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. 1864, 154: 1–137. Bibcode:1864RSPT..154....1H. doi:10.1098/rstl.1864.0001.
^ John Frederick William Herschel - Biography. The European Graduate School Library. [22 October 2013]. （原始内容存档于2013年10月23日）.
^ Dreyer, J. L. E. A Supplement to Sir John Herschel's "General Catalogue of Nebulae and Clusters of Stars" (PDF). Transactions of the Royal Irish Academy. 1878, 26: 391–426. JSTOR 30079091.
^ Dreyer, J. L. E. A New General Catalogue of Nebulae and Clusters of Stars, Being the Catalogue of the Late Sir John F.W. Herschel, Bart., Revised, Corrected, and Enlarged (PDF). Memoirs of the Royal Astronomical Society. 1888, 49: 1–237. Bibcode:1888MmRAS..49....1D.
^ Dreyer, J. L. E. Index Catalogue of Nebulae Found in the Years 1888 to 1894, with Notes and Corrections to the New General Catalogue. Memoirs of the Royal Astronomical Society. 1895, 51: 185–228. Bibcode:1895MmRAS..51..185D.
^ Dreyer, J. L. E. Second Index Catalogue of Nebulae and Clusters of Stars; Containing Objects Found in the Years 1895 to 1907, with Notes and Corrections to the New General Catalogue and to the Index Catalogue for 1888–94 (PDF). Memoirs of the Royal Astronomical Society. 1908, 59: 105–198. Bibcode:1908MmRAS..59..105D.

外部链接[编辑]

William Herschel's catalog of Deep Sky objects （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
A general catalogue of nebulæ and clusters of stars, arranged in order of right ascension and reduced to the common epoch 1860.0 (with precessions computed for the epoch 1880.0) (1864). archive.org. 外部链接存在于|work= (帮助)

[1] Herschel, W. Catalogue of One Thousand New Nebulae and Clusters of Stars. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. 1786, 76: 457–499. Bibcode:1786RSPT...76..457H. doi:10.1098/rstl.1786.0027.

[2] Herschel, W. Catalogue of a Second Thousand of New Nebulae and Clusters of Stars; with a Few Introductory Remarks on the Construction of the Heavens. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. 1789, 79: 212–255. Bibcode:1789RSPT...79..212H. doi:10.1098/rstl.1789.0021.

[3] Herschel, W. Catalogue of 500 New Nebulae, Nebulous Stars, Planetary Nebulae, and Clusters of Stars; with Remarks on the Construction of the Heavens. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. 1802, 92: 477–528. Bibcode:1802RSPT...92..477H. doi:10.1098/rstl.1802.0021.

[Tenn-2013-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Joseph S. Tenn. Keepers of the Double Stars. Journal of Astronomical History and Heritage. 29 April 2013, 16 (1): 81-93 (March 2013). Bibcode:2013JAHH...16...81T. ISSN 1440-2807. arXiv:1304.5494 .

[5] Herschel, J. F. W. Catalogue of Nebulae and Clusters of Stars. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. 1864, 154: 1–137. Bibcode:1864RSPT..154....1H. doi:10.1098/rstl.1864.0001.

[6] John Frederick William Herschel - Biography. The European Graduate School Library. [22 October 2013]. （原始内容存档于2013年10月23日）.

[7] Dreyer, J. L. E. A Supplement to Sir John Herschel's "General Catalogue of Nebulae and Clusters of Stars" (PDF). Transactions of the Royal Irish Academy. 1878, 26: 391–426. JSTOR 30079091.

[Dryer1888-8] Dreyer, J. L. E. A New General Catalogue of Nebulae and Clusters of Stars, Being the Catalogue of the Late Sir John F.W. Herschel, Bart., Revised, Corrected, and Enlarged (PDF). Memoirs of the Royal Astronomical Society. 1888, 49: 1–237. Bibcode:1888MmRAS..49....1D.

[9] Dreyer, J. L. E. Index Catalogue of Nebulae Found in the Years 1888 to 1894, with Notes and Corrections to the New General Catalogue. Memoirs of the Royal Astronomical Society. 1895, 51: 185–228. Bibcode:1895MmRAS..51..185D.

[10] Dreyer, J. L. E. Second Index Catalogue of Nebulae and Clusters of Stars; Containing Objects Found in the Years 1895 to 1907, with Notes and Corrections to the New General Catalogue and to the Index Catalogue for 1888–94 (PDF). Memoirs of the Royal Astronomical Society. 1908, 59: 105–198. Bibcode:1908MmRAS..59..105D.

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历史[编辑]

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外部链接[编辑]