臂旁核
外觀
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臂旁核(Parabrachial nuclei),是位於腦橋背外側的一組核,其在中國為2014年公佈的人體解剖學名詞及2022年公佈的睡眠醫學名詞[1][2]。在人類大腦中,小腦上腳的擴張會導致臂旁核的擴張,臂旁核在大部分小腦上腳上形成一層薄薄的灰質帶。按照Baxter和Olszewski的建議,人類的臂旁核通常分為內側臂旁核和外側臂旁核。[3]進一步地,這些核又被細分為十幾個亞核。[4][5]功能方面主要與覺醒、血糖、體溫等調節有關。[2]
功能
[編輯]在睡眠期間呼吸不足以滿足生理需求時,外側臂旁核中包含神經遞質降鈣素基因相關肽(CGRP)的神經元群似乎對於將有關缺氧(低血氧)和/或高碳酸血症(血液高CO2)的信息傳遞前腦部位以「喚醒大腦」(喚醒)至關重要。由此產生的「喚醒呼吸動力」有助於預防窒息。[6]
最近數據顯示,內側和外側臂旁核中的穀氨酸能神經元,以及腳橋被蓋核中的穀氨酸能神經元,在腦幹中為產生清醒狀態提供了一個關鍵節點。[7][8]這些神經元的損傷會導致不可逆的昏迷。
參考
[編輯]- ^ 术语在线. www.termonline.cn. [2024-05-05].
- ^ 2.0 2.1 术语在线. www.termonline.cn. [2024-05-05].
- ^ Olszewski, J. Cytoarchitecture of the Human Brainstem. Lippincott. 1954: 1–199.
- ^ Fulwiler, C. E.; Saper, C. B. Subnuclear organization of the efferent connections of the parabrachial nucleus in the rat. Brain Research. 1984-08-01, 319 (3): 229–259. ISSN 0006-8993. PMID 6478256. S2CID 13253760. doi:10.1016/0165-0173(84)90012-2.
- ^ Yokota, Shigefumi; Kaur, Satvinder; VanderHorst, Veronique G.; Saper, Clifford B.; Chamberlin, Nancy L. Respiratory-related outputs of glutamatergic, hypercapnia-responsive parabrachial neurons in mice. The Journal of Comparative Neurology. 2015-04-15, 523 (6): 907–920. ISSN 1096-9861. PMC 4329052 . PMID 25424719. doi:10.1002/cne.23720.
- ^ Kaur, Satvinder; Pedersen, Nigel P.; Yokota, Shigefumi; Hur, Elizabeth E.; Fuller, Patrick M.; Lazarus, Michael; Chamberlin, Nancy L.; Saper, Clifford B. Glutamatergic signaling from the parabrachial nucleus plays a critical role in hypercapnic arousal. The Journal of Neuroscience. 2013-05-01, 33 (18): 7627–7640. ISSN 1529-2401. PMC 3674488 . PMID 23637157. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0173-13.2013.
- ^ Fuller, Patrick M.; Fuller, Patrick; Sherman, David; Pedersen, Nigel P.; Saper, Clifford B.; Lu, Jun. Reassessment of the structural basis of the ascending arousal system. The Journal of Comparative Neurology. 2011-04-01, 519 (5): 933–956. ISSN 1096-9861. PMC 3119596 . PMID 21280045. doi:10.1002/cne.22559.
- ^ Kroeger, Daniel; Ferrari, Loris L.; Petit, Gaetan; Mahoney, Carrie E.; Fuller, Patrick M.; Arrigoni, Elda; Scammell, Thomas E. Cholinergic, Glutamatergic, and GABAergic Neurons of the Pedunculopontine Tegmental Nucleus Have Distinct Effects on Sleep/Wake Behavior in Mice. The Journal of Neuroscience. 2017-02-01, 37 (5): 1352–1366. ISSN 1529-2401. PMC 5296799 . PMID 28039375. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1405-16.2016.