臂旁核
外观
此条目翻译品质不佳。 (2024年5月6日) |
臂旁核(Parabrachial nuclei),是位于脑桥背外侧的一组核,其在中国为2014年公布的人体解剖学名词及2022年公布的睡眠医学名词[1][2]。在人类大脑中,小脑上脚的扩张会导致臂旁核的扩张,臂旁核在大部分小脑上脚上形成一层薄薄的灰质带。按照Baxter和Olszewski的建议,人类的臂旁核通常分为内侧臂旁核和外侧臂旁核。[3]进一步地,这些核又被细分为十几个亚核。[4][5]功能方面主要与觉醒、血糖、体温等调节有关。[2]
功能
[编辑]在睡眠期间呼吸不足以满足生理需求时,外侧臂旁核中包含神经递质降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP)的神经元群似乎对于将有关缺氧(低血氧)和/或高碳酸血症(血液高CO2)的信息传递前脑部位以“唤醒大脑”(唤醒)至关重要。由此产生的“唤醒呼吸动力”有助于预防窒息。[6]
最近数据显示,内侧和外侧臂旁核中的谷氨酸能神经元,以及脚桥被盖核中的谷氨酸能神经元,在脑干中为产生清醒状态提供了一个关键节点。[7][8]这些神经元的损伤会导致不可逆的昏迷。
参考
[编辑]- ^ 术语在线. www.termonline.cn. [2024-05-05].
- ^ 2.0 2.1 术语在线. www.termonline.cn. [2024-05-05].
- ^ Olszewski, J. Cytoarchitecture of the Human Brainstem. Lippincott. 1954: 1–199.
- ^ Fulwiler, C. E.; Saper, C. B. Subnuclear organization of the efferent connections of the parabrachial nucleus in the rat. Brain Research. 1984-08-01, 319 (3): 229–259. ISSN 0006-8993. PMID 6478256. S2CID 13253760. doi:10.1016/0165-0173(84)90012-2.
- ^ Yokota, Shigefumi; Kaur, Satvinder; VanderHorst, Veronique G.; Saper, Clifford B.; Chamberlin, Nancy L. Respiratory-related outputs of glutamatergic, hypercapnia-responsive parabrachial neurons in mice. The Journal of Comparative Neurology. 2015-04-15, 523 (6): 907–920. ISSN 1096-9861. PMC 4329052
. PMID 25424719. doi:10.1002/cne.23720.
- ^ Kaur, Satvinder; Pedersen, Nigel P.; Yokota, Shigefumi; Hur, Elizabeth E.; Fuller, Patrick M.; Lazarus, Michael; Chamberlin, Nancy L.; Saper, Clifford B. Glutamatergic signaling from the parabrachial nucleus plays a critical role in hypercapnic arousal. The Journal of Neuroscience. 2013-05-01, 33 (18): 7627–7640. ISSN 1529-2401. PMC 3674488
. PMID 23637157. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0173-13.2013.
- ^ Fuller, Patrick M.; Fuller, Patrick; Sherman, David; Pedersen, Nigel P.; Saper, Clifford B.; Lu, Jun. Reassessment of the structural basis of the ascending arousal system. The Journal of Comparative Neurology. 2011-04-01, 519 (5): 933–956. ISSN 1096-9861. PMC 3119596
. PMID 21280045. doi:10.1002/cne.22559.
- ^ Kroeger, Daniel; Ferrari, Loris L.; Petit, Gaetan; Mahoney, Carrie E.; Fuller, Patrick M.; Arrigoni, Elda; Scammell, Thomas E. Cholinergic, Glutamatergic, and GABAergic Neurons of the Pedunculopontine Tegmental Nucleus Have Distinct Effects on Sleep/Wake Behavior in Mice. The Journal of Neuroscience. 2017-02-01, 37 (5): 1352–1366. ISSN 1529-2401. PMC 5296799
. PMID 28039375. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1405-16.2016.