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露易絲·德·拉瓦莉埃
拉瓦莉埃女公爵
全名 Louise Françoise de La Baume Le Blanc de La Vallière
出生	(1644-08-06)1644年8月6日 法國圖爾
逝世	1710年6月7日(1710歲—06—07)（65歲） 法國巴黎
子嗣 Marie Anne,Conti公主 Louis,Vermandois伯爵
父親	Laurent de La Vallière
母親	Françoise Le Provost

露易絲·德·拉瓦里埃爾或路易絲·德·拉瓦莉埃 - en:Louise de La Vallière

上海譯文出版社《布拉熱洛納子爵》：作者: 大仲馬，譯者: 譚玉培、吳丹麗：拉瓦利埃爾、昂利埃特公主、路易十四的弟弟安茹公爵

路易絲·德·拉瓦莉埃(或露易絲·德·拉瓦里埃爾、全名露易絲·弗蘭索瓦茲·魯·布蘭·德·拉·瓦里埃爾Françoise Louise de La Baume Le Blanc de La Vallière。1644年8月6日–1710年6月7日。）從1661年到1667年是法國國王 路易十四的一個情婦。她後來憑藉自身能力成為了拉瓦莉埃女公爵以及Vaujours女公爵。與她的情敵蒙特斯潘夫人不同，她的家系後來斷絕了。

早期生活

露易絲·德·拉瓦里埃爾1644年8月出生在法國圖爾, 是一個小貴族的女兒,父親是Laurent de La Baume Le Blanc死於1651；母親是Françoise Le Provost，1655年改嫁給了Jacques de Courtarvel（聖雷米侯爵）,在布盧瓦進入了加斯東·奧爾良公爵的宮廷。

露易絲被奧爾良公爵的三個年輕的郡主們撫養長大，她們是瑪格麗特·路易絲，伊利沙伯·德·奧爾良和弗朗索瓦絲·瑪德萊娜

奧爾良公爵死後（1660年）, 他的遺孀帶着她的女兒們包括十六歲的露易絲去了巴黎的盧森堡宮。

路易十四

Louise de La Vallière和她的孩子彼得·萊利繪, Musée des Beaux-Arts de Rennes

通過一個遠親Mme de Choisy的介紹, 露易絲成為了英格蘭公主亨麗埃塔·安妮·斯圖爾特（亨莉雅妲公主）的侍女。亨麗埃塔是英格蘭查理二世的姐妹，此時剛剛和國王的兄弟腓力一世，奧爾良公爵結婚.Henrietta(以下簡稱夫人)是非常有吸引力的，1661年加入了楓丹白露的宮廷。她與路易十四國王的友好關係，引起了一些醜聞和風流韻事的謠言。

針對這些謠言，國王和夫人決定讓路易斯擋在前面示愛轉移注意力，夫人選擇三個年輕的小姐「設置在他的路徑」，露易絲是其中之一。Abbé de Choise（法語？）十七歲的女孩，"有一個美麗的膚色，金髮，藍眼睛，甜美的微笑，溫柔謙虛"露易絲的一條腿短，所以她穿上特製的高跟鞋。

情婦

露易絲在楓丹白露待了兩個月就成為了國王的情婦。雖然她是為了轉移注意力從路易斯和他的嫂子之間危險的調情，露易絲和路易很快墜入愛河。 這是露易絲第一場熱戀，據說她是無辜的，信仰宗教的女孩給他們的秘密戀情既沒有利益，也沒有賣弄風情。 可以從她的狀況看出，她既不奢侈也不是對金錢或財富感興趣；她只想要國王的愛。安東尼亞-弗雷澤如此寫道，她是一個「秘密情人」而不是一個 貴族情婦Maîtresse-en-titre比如en:Barbara Villiers."

尼古拉斯·富凱賄賂露易絲的問題是他的恥辱，這導致路易十四誤以為富凱試圖把露易絲當作他的情人。

1662年2月, 這對情侶陷入爭執，這是由於國王質疑而露易絲拒絕告訴他亨麗埃塔和伯爵的事情。恰在此時，雅克-貝尼涅·博須埃進行了一系列的佈道，他譴責了一些不道德的行為比如大衛國王的通姦——這讓這位虔誠的小姐感到不安。她逃到了Chaillot的修道院。 Louis followed her there and convinced her to return to court. Her enemies—chief among them, Olympe Mancini, comtesse de Soissons, niece of 儒勒·馬扎然—sought to orchestrate her downfall by bringing her liaison to the ears of Louis's queen, Maria Theresa of Spain.

During her first pregnancy, Louise was removed from the Princess' service and established in a lodging in the Palais Royal, where, on 19 December 1663, she gave birth to a son, Charles, who was taken immediately to Saint-Leu and given to two faithful servants of Jean-Baptiste Colbert. Despite the secrecy of the transfer, organised by a doctor Boucher who was present at the birth, the story quickly spread to Paris. The public scorn at a midnight mass on 24 December resulted in a distraught Louise escaping home from the church.

子女

露易絲為路易十四生了4個子女，只有2個存活了:

• 查爾斯 (1663–1665)；
• 菲利普 (1665–1666)；
• 瑪麗·安妮·波旁 (1666–1739)：她的父親路易十四給她合法的稱號前，她被稱為「布洛瓦小姐」。後來她嫁給了孔蒂王子，通過這個婚姻，她獲得了公主血脈的承認，稱「孔蒂公主」；
• 路易斯·德·波旁,韋芒杜瓦公爵(1667–1683); 16歲死於他的第一場出征。

• 
  Louise in her younger years
• 
  路易十四
• 
  Marie Anne de Bourbon, 1680
• 
  Louis de Bourbon, comte de Vermandois,她唯一一個成年的兒子

衰落

Concealment was practically abandoned after her return to court, and within a week of Anne of Austria's death on 20 January 1666, La Vallière appeared at Mass beside Maria Theresa. Ashamed of her conduct, she treated the queen with humility and respect. In return, the queen was reportedly venomous towards her during the five-year affair, continuing even after the affair really ended—unaware that the king had taken another mistress.

After five years, Louise's favour was waning. She had given birth to a second son, Philippe, on 7 January 1665; but both children soon died, Charles on 15 July 1665, and Philippe before the autumn of 1666. A daughter was born at Vincennes on 2 October 1666. In May 1667, by letters patent confirmed by the Parlement de Paris, Louis XIV legitimised his daughter, who was named Marie Anne de Bourbon and was given the title of Mademoiselle de Blois. Louis XIV also made Louise a duchess and gave her the estate of Vaujours. As a duchess, Louise had the right to sit on a tabouret in the presence of the queen, which was a highly prized privilege. However, Louise was not impressed. She said her title seemed a kind of retirement present given to a servant who was retiring. Indeed she was correct, for Louis commented that legitimising their daughter and giving Louise an establishment "matched the affection he had had for her for six years": in other words, an extravagant farewell present.

那一年的10月2日，她給他生了第四個孩子，一個叫路易斯的兒子，但那時她在國王的地位已經被Françoise-Athénaïs, marquise de Montespan取代了,露易絲和王后在她懷孕開始的時候都曾認為其一個可信賴的朋友。whom both she and the queen (both pregnant when the affair began) had thought of as a trusted friend. Under the pretense of her pregnancy, Louise was sent away to Versailles while the King and the court were at the scene of the war; however, she disobeyed the King's orders and returned, throwing herself at his feet sobbing uncontrollably. In a strange twist of fate, she ended her relationship with the King in the same way in which she started: used initially as a decoy for Louis and "Madame", Louise now became a decoy for her own successor, as Louis made her share the Marquise de Montespan's apartments at the Tuileries to prevent the legal manœuvres of the Marquis de Montespan (who wanted to get his wife back) and to keep the court from gossiping.

• 
  The Gaston d'Orléans wing at the Château de Blois where she grew up
• 
  The Duchess of Orléans for whom Louise was a maid-of-honour
• 
  Françoise-Athénaïs, marquise de Montespan

Mme de Montespan demanded that Louise assist her with her toilette, and Louise did so without complaint. Whenever the king wished to travel with his real mistress, Athénaïs, he made both Louise and Athénaïs sit in the same carriage with the queen. Since Athénaïs was married, it meant that both the king and she were committing adultery, a mortal sin. Louise had refused a smokescreen marriage for this very reason. (In cases where one partner is unmarried, canon law of the Roman Catholic Church considered a carnal affair to be simply fornication.)

Mlle de La Vallière was the godmother of Athénaïs' and Louis XIV's first daughter, who was given the first name Louise. Louise hated being the decoy for Athénaïs and begged and wept often to be allowed to join a convent. She took to wearing a hair shirt, and the strain of being forced to live with her former lover and his current mistress caused her to lose weight and become increasingly haggard.

She attempted to leave in 1671, fleeing to the convent of Ste Marie de Chaillot, only to be compelled (once more by order of the King) to return. In 1674, she was finally permitted to enter the Carmelite convent in the Faubourg Saint-Jacques in Paris under the name of Sister Louise of Mercy.

When Louise left the Court, the new Duchess of Orléans (born Elizabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate) took care of the education of her only surviving son, Louis. He later was involved in a scandal with his uncle Philippe de France and Philippe's favourite, the Chevalier de Lorraine, and died in 1683 while in exile in Flandres. His loving sister and aunt were greatly affected by his death, while his father did not shed a tear. His mother, still obsessed with the sin of her relationship with the king, said upon hearing of her son's death:

I ought to weep for his birth far more than [for] his death.

Madame de Maintenon asked Louise if she had fully considered the discomforts that awaited her at the Carmelite convent which ended up including being forbidden to wear the shoes that allowed her to walk without a limp. "When I shall be suffering at the convent", Louise replied, "I shall only have to remember what they made me suffer here, and all the pain shall seem light to me." The day she left, she threw herself at the feet of the Queen, begging forgiveness: "My crimes were public, my repentance must be public, too."

She took the final vows a year later, accepting the black veil from the queen herself, who kissed and blessed her. The queen already had a habit of spending brief sojourns at the convent for spiritual consolation and repose. Interestingly, later in life, Mme de Montespan went to Louise for advice on living a pious life. Louise forgave her, and counselled her on the mysteries of divine grace. She died in 1710. The Duchy of La Vallière went to her daughter Marie Anne as did the fortune she had acquired during her life as Louis's mistress.

La Vallière's Réflexions sur la miséricorde de Dieu, written after her retreat, were printed by Lequeux in 1767, and in 1860 Réflexions, lettres et sermons, by M. P. Clement (2 vols.). Some apocryphal Mémoires appeared in 1829, and the Lettres de Mme la Duchesse de la Vallière (1767) are a corrupt version of her correspondence with the Maréchal de Bellefonds.

對後世的影響

• 單詞lavaliere (lavalier)，項鍊上的垂飾，一個寶石吊墜項鍊的名字，來自她的名字。在最初的法國lavallière指的是一個鬆軟的領帶系在在脖子前面，組成一個蝴蝶結(類似與貓式蝴蝶結)。這在19世紀是一種流行時尚。
• 露易絲·法蘭西斯·露·布朗·杜·拉·瓦利埃爾，零之使魔的女主角的名字的一部分以她的名字命名。
• 大仲馬的小說布拉熱洛納子爵中的一個人物是以她為生活原型的。一個普遍的英文譯本被分成了三部分，第二部分書名是《Louise de la Vallière》。在小說《二十年後》, 《三劍客》續集裏, 她是阿多斯的私生子布拉日隆子爵拉烏爾的童年好友,在《布拉日隆子爵》，這對夫婦十年後愛上了，僅僅因為 露易絲轉而愛上了法國國王路易十四，拉烏爾，帶着破碎的心在北非一場自殺式的戰鬥中結束了生命。
• Sandra Gulland桑德拉·格蘭德寫了一部關於Louise de la Vallière的歷史小說《太陽的情婦》（Mistress of the Sun），2008年出版.
• Karleen Koen卡琳·蔻恩的2011年的小說，「在凡爾賽宮前」"Before Versailles", 以Louise de la Vallière作為主視角。
• Joan Sanders瓊-路易絲在1959出版的一本傳記為《La Petite: Louise de la Vallière》。

相關書目

• Breton, Guy. Histoires d'amour de l'histoire de France IV: Les favorites de Louis XIV. Presses de la Cité. 1991. 
• Herman, Eleanor. Sex with Kings. New York: HarperCollins. 2004. ISBN 0-06-058543-9. 
• Chisholm, Hugh (編). La Vallière, Louise Françoise de. Encyclopædia Britannica (第11版). London: Cambridge University Press. 1911. 

外部連結

• "Louise-Françoise de la Baume Le Blanc, marquise de La Vallière" article in the Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy

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