天生臭脸综合征
天生臭脸综合征（英语：Resting bitch face，简称RBF，或称bitchy resting face（BRF）；又译天生生气脸、天生臭脸），[1][2]是指人无意识做出的一种像在生气、恼怒、烦躁或蔑视的面部表情，特别是放松、休息或没有流露任何情绪时的面部表情。[3][4]
心理学家对天生臭脸综合征的概念进行了研究，可能与脸部倾向、性别刻板印象、人类决断和决策等心理因素有关。[5][6][7]信息技术科学家也使用了一种脸部辨识系统对其进行研究，他们发现这种现象是真实存在的，且虽然概念名称中使用了指女性的单词“bitch”，但其在男性中出现的几率跟女性一样普遍。[8]
历史
[编辑]《纽约时报》作家格兰特·巴雷特在一份2013年末的新流行单词短语盘点中称，该短语可追溯到“至少十年”前。[9]
2013年5月22日，喜剧团体Broken People在Funny or Die网站上传了一部戏仿公共服务宣导的视频，标题为“Bitchy Resting Face”（BRF），内容为因面无表情时看起来像在生气而受困扰者寻求没有此困扰者的理解。[10]
天生臭脸综合征成为了流行的网络迷因，以首字母缩写“RBF”为人熟知。[3]
广泛传播
[编辑]媒体开始广泛使用“天生臭脸综合征”这个词汇。如被《柯梦波丹》和《Elle》等针对女性的生活和时尚杂志使用，也在虚构和非虚构的文学出版作品中出现。[11][12][13][14][15]
哈德利·弗里曼写道，在Broken People的视频中被使用后，该词便极大地为人熟知，她也指出视频中描述男性使用的词“Resting Asshole Face”（RAF）没有收到同样多的讨论。[16]纽约大学心理学家乔纳森·弗里曼（Jonathan Freeman）进行的一项研究显示，稍微愤怒的面部表情会让他人觉得你不可靠。[17][18]
2014年，克洛伊·霍格（Chloé Hogg）在期刊《语文学季刊》发表的文章中声称此现象并不新鲜，并附上亚森特·里戈所绘的路易十四“天生臭脸”肖像画。[19]天生臭脸综合征在凶猛的程度上可能差异极大。
2015年，CBS新闻报导有些整形医生会实施手术来帮助天生臭脸综合征患者。[20][21]
2019年，喜剧演员安德鲁·道尔称他对女演员为Titania McGrath一角进行了试镜，部分原因是她能把Titania的天生臭脸演得很逼真。[22]
参见
[编辑]参考文献
[编辑]- ^ 我沒生氣，我只是天生臭臉. 纽约时报. 2015-08-24 [2021-01-29].
- ^ resting bitch face 在英語-中文（繁體）詞典中的翻譯. 剑桥词典. 2021-01-27 [2021-01-29].
- ^ 3.0 3.1 Jessica Bennett. I'm Not Mad. That's Just My RBF.. 纽约时报. 2015-08-01: ST9 [2015-08-02]. （原始内容存档于2015-09-05）.
In that moment, I joined the ranks of a tribe of women who suffer from the scourge known as “resting bitch face” or, increasingly, just RBF.
- ^ Gibson, Caitlin. Scientists have discovered what causes Resting Bitch Face. 华盛顿邮报. 2016-02-02 [2016-02-10]. （原始内容存档于2018-03-15）.
“Something in the neutral expression of the face is relaying contempt, both to the software and to us.”
- ^ Saedi, Goal Auzeen. Do You Suffer From 'Bitchy Resting Face'?. Psychology Today. 2015-08-08 [2015-12-08]. （原始内容存档于2022-05-01）.
- ^ Todorov, Alexander; Olivola, Christopher Y.; Dotsch, Ron; Mende-Siedlecki, Peter. Social Attributions from Faces: Determinants, Consequences, Accuracy, and Functional Significance (PDF). 心理学年评. 2015, 66: 519–45 [2015-12-08]. PMID 25196277. doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-113011-143831. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2022-05-01）.
- ^ Natasha Noman. Science Says Resting Bitch Face Is Real — And You're Probably Judging People for It. Mic. 2016-02-03 [2016-05-09]. （原始内容存档于2020-12-05）.
In short, RBF is when a person's expression unintentionally implies they are "simultaneously bored, mad and skeptical," Jessica Bennett wrote of her own face in a New York Times op-ed on the subject.
- ^ Mazza, Ed. "Science Finds Resting Bitch Face Is Real -- And Men Can Have It, Too （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）", 赫芬顿邮报 (February 4, 2016): "While there has been a certain amount of sexism surrounding resting bitch face -- even the name itself is laced with it -- the computer detected RBF as frequently in men as it did in women."
- ^ Grant Barrett. A Wordnado of Words in 2013. 纽约时报. 2013-12-22 [2015-08-02]. （原始内容存档于2015-04-18）.
Dating back at least 10 years as a described concept but popularized in 2013 by a video made by the group Broken People.
- ^ Bitchy resting face. Broken People. 2013-05-22 [2015-08-02]. （原始内容存档于2020-12-15）.
- ^ Stephanie Shi. 13 Struggles Only Women With Resting Bitch Face Understand. Cosmopolitan. 2015-06-04 [2015-08-02]. （原始内容存档于2015-09-30）.
- ^ Kristina Rodulfo. I won't apologize for my 'bitchy resting face'. Elle. 2014-02-05 [2021-01-30]. （原始内容存档于2015-02-01）.
- ^ Mortimer, Holly. Blindsided. Butterfly Publishing. 2015: 15 [2021-01-30]. ISBN 9781508448983. （原始内容存档于2020-01-13）.
- ^ Simons, Stephanie. 2. Chic-tionary: The Little Book of Fashion Faux-cabulary. New York: Skyhorse Publishing. 2014 [2021-01-30]. ISBN 9781629145464. （原始内容存档于2021-07-23）.
- ^ Zach Johnson. Kristen Stewart Responds to Accusations That She Suffers From Resting Bitch Face: "I Actually Smile a Lot!". E!. 2015-08-04 [2015-08-06]. （原始内容存档于2015-11-11）.
Kristen Stewart may not have a permanent grin on her face, à la Tom Cruise on a worldwide promo tour, but the actress doesn't suffer from resting bitch face, either. In fact, Stewart is tired of people assuming she's always unhappy. "The whole smiling thing is weird because I actually smile a lot," the actress admitted. "I literally want to be like, 'Dude, you would think I was cool if you got to know me.'"
- ^ Freeman, Hadley. Bitchy resting face: must it be taken so seriously?. 卫报. 2013-07-23 [2021-01-30]. （原始内容存档于2021-02-03）.
- ^ Rene Paulson. Women with 'resting bitch face' are actually better communicators. Quartz. 2015-09-06 [2015-11-12]. （原始内容存档于2015-09-07）.
Research has shown that people rely heavily on facial expressions and body language. Psychologist Albert Mehrabian (...) conducted famous studies in the 1960s that found that interpreting someone’s communication is based mostly on nonverbal cues, like facial expression, body language and tone. Women confronted by a world that automatically attaches negative attributes to their non-smiling face must quickly learn how to communicate and also hone a finely-tuned awareness of both our own emotions and the emotions of those around us.
- ^ Static and Dynamic Facial Cues Differentially Affect the Consistency of Social Evaluations. 2015-06-18. doi:10.1177/0146167215591495.
- ^ Chloé Hogg. Subject of Passions: Charles Le Brun and the Emotions of Absolutism. 语文学季刊. 2014 冬: 65–94 [2015-08-02]. （原始内容存档于2015-11-11）.
Hyacinthe Rigaud's famous portrait of Louis XIV depicts the absolute monarch's absolute physiognomic control as part of the attributes of royalty-what I'm tempted to call, in contemporary emotional parlance, Louis XIV's "bitchy resting face".
- ^ Seen At 11: A Cosmetic Cure For 'Resting Bitch Face'. CBS News. 2015-10-26 [2015-11-12]. （原始内容存档于2015-10-27）.
- ^ 13 bizarre but popular plastic surgery procedures. CBS News. 2015-10-26 [2015-11-12]. （原始内容存档于2015-05-11）.
According to Dr. Joseph Eviatar of Chelsea Cosmetic, more and more people are seeking medical treatment to help correct their natural resting bitch face.
- ^ I created a monster in 'woke' warrior Titania McGrath – and now I'm bringing her to life onstage. The Telegraph. 2019-07-26 [2020-02-17]. （原始内容存档于2020-11-15）.