起始点识别复合物

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起始点识别复合物(ORC)亚基2
鉴定
标志ORC2
PfamPF04084旧版
InterPro英语InterProIPR007220
起始点识别复合物亚基(ORC)亚基3N-端
鉴定
标志ORC3_N
PfamPF07034旧版
InterPro英语InterProIPR010748
起始点识别复合物亚基(ORC)亚基6
鉴定
标志ORC6
PfamPF05460旧版
InterPro英语InterProIPR008721
CDC6在DNA复制起始中可能发挥的作用[1]

分子生物学中,起始点识别复合物[2](origin recognition complex, ORC)是指一种真核生物体内的含有多个亚基、与DNA结合的复合物。它与DNA通过一种ATP依赖性的方式相连,使得DNA复制得以启动。该复合物的几个亚基分别由ORC1英语ORC1ORC2英语ORC2LORC3英语ORC3LORC4英语ORC4LORC5英语ORC5LORC6英语ORC6L基因编码[3][4][5]。起始点识别复合物不仅在真核生物DNA复制期间存在,在整个细胞周期的其余时段也与复制起点结合[6]。起始点识别复合物对DNA复制的启动来说不可或缺[7][8][9]。与复制起点结合的起始点识别复合物使得复制前复合物英语pre-replication complex(pre-replication complex, pre-RC)得以组装。复制前复合物的组分包括Cdc6英语Cdc6、Tah11(亦称Cdt1英语Cdt1),以及MCM2英语MCM2-MCM7英语MCM7复合物[10][11][12]。复制前复合物在G1期的组装对于S期的DNA复制前的DNA复制许可英语licensing factor至关重要。不经过许可,DNA复制就无法进行[13][14][15]周期素依赖性蛋白激酶Cdc28英语Cdc28能磷酸化Orc2、Orc6、Cdc6,以调节DNA复制的起始(包括封锁G2/M期的复制再启动),进而达到调节细胞周期的目的[6][16][17][18]

酵母细胞中,起始点识别复合物亦参与交配型英语Mating of yeast相关的基因位点HML和HMR的沉默[7][8][9]。起始点识别复合物参与HML、HMR位点的染色质组装,让Sirl沉默蛋白装入染色质中,使得这两个位点沉默[9][19][20]

Orc1以及Orc5这两个起始点识别复合物的亚基均与ATP结合,不过只有Orc1具有ATP酶活性[21]。Orc1与ATP的结合使起始点识别复合物得以与DNA结合,对细胞的生存至关重要[12]。另外,Orc1的ATP酶活性亦与复制前复合物的生成有关[22][23][24]。而Orc5与ATP的结合则使得起始点识别复合物能作为一个整体稳定存在。只有Orc1到Orc5这5个亚基对复合物与复制起点的结合是必需的。Orc6则能使复制前复合物在合成之后能稳定存在[25]。对起始点识别复合物内部的相互作用的研究表明,Orc2、Orc3、Orc6可能组成了复合物的核心部分[6]

参考文献[编辑]

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  3. ^ 医学主题词表(MeSH)Origin+Recognition+Complex
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拓展阅读[编辑]

此条目包含有源于Pfam以及InterPro的属于公有领域的文本 IPR007220

此条目包含有源于Pfam以及InterPro的属于公有领域的文本 IPR010748

此条目包含有源于Pfam以及InterPro的属于公有领域的文本 IPR008721