鸭冠状病毒2714

鸭冠状病毒2714
病毒分类
（未分级）：	病毒 Virus
域：	核糖病毒域 Riboviria
界：	正核糖病毒界 Orthornavirae
门：	小核糖病毒门 Pisuviricota
纲：	小南嵌套病毒纲 Pisoniviricetes
目：	套式病毒目 Nidovirales
科：	冠状病毒科 Coronaviridae
属：	丙型冠状病毒属 Gammacoronavirus
种：	鸭冠状病毒2714 Duck coronavirus 2714

鸭冠状病毒2714（Duck coronavirus 2714，DCoV）是丙型冠状病毒属Igacovirus亚属的一种病毒^[1]，主要感染雁形目（鸭与雁）与鸻形目（涉禽、海鸥与海雀）的野生鸟类，也有些病毒株为感染家鸭，包括超过500个病毒株，感染不会造成明显症状。

病毒学

2014年，研究人员在中国养殖的鸭身上发现一冠状病毒毒株，命名为DdCoV/DK/Guangdong/27/2014，简称DdCoV/GD/2014或DdCoV，并于隔年发表，此病毒株的基因组长27754nt，编码冠状病毒皆有的复制酶（1ab）以及刺突蛋白（S）、外膜蛋白（E）、膜蛋白（M）与衣壳蛋白（N）等四种结构蛋白，以及3a、3b、3c、ORFx、5a、5b和ORFy等七个辅助蛋白，基因顺序为复制酶1ab－刺突蛋白－3a－3b－3c－E－M－ORFx－5a－5b－N－ORFy^[2]^[3]。

分类

2020年，国际病毒分类委员会（ICTV）将此病毒株作为一新种的模式株，即鸭冠状病毒2714，和禽冠状病毒与禽冠状病毒9203同属丙型冠状病毒属下的Igacovirus亚属，为此两种病毒组成的演化支之姊妹群^[4]。鸭冠状病毒2714包含超过500个在世界各地野生雁形目、鸻形目鸟类和家鸭身上发现的病毒株，仅有一个感染家鸡的个案，可能是家鸭的病毒株外溢所致^[5]，相较之下禽冠状病毒与禽冠状病毒9203皆是感染家禽（家鸡、家鸭与火鸡）为主，很少感染野鸟，少数在野鸟中发现的纪录可能是病毒自家禽外溢的个案。鸭冠状病毒2714感染野鸟与家鸭均不会造成明显症状^[6]^[7]，禽冠状病毒与禽冠状病毒9203则可致家禽传染性支气管炎（英语：Avian infectious bronchitis）与火鸡肠炎。在东南亚等鸭饲养密度高的地区，家鸭可能对此病毒的演化和保毒相当重要^[4]。

丙型冠状病毒属

	Cegacovirus（鲸豚冠状病毒）

Brangacovirus（雁冠状病毒CB17）

Igacovirus

	鸭冠状病毒2714

	禽冠状病毒

	禽冠状病毒9203

参考文献

^ International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) 2019 taxonomy release. talk.ictvonline.org. [2021-01-27]. （原始内容存档于2020-03-20）.
^ Schnell, Matthias Johannes; Zhuang, Qing-Ye; Wang, Kai-Cheng; Liu, Shuo; Hou, Guang-Yu; Jiang, Wen-Ming; Wang, Su-Chun; Li, Jin-Ping; Yu, Jian-Min; Chen, Ji-Ming. Genomic Analysis and Surveillance of the Coronavirus Dominant in Ducks in China. PLOS ONE. 2015, 10 (6): e0129256. ISSN 1932-6203. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0129256.
^ Duck coronavirus isolate DK/GD/27/2014, complete genome. NCBI.
^ ^4.0 ^4.1 Wille, Michelle; Holmes, Edward C. Wild birds as reservoirs for diverse and abundant gamma- and deltacoronaviruses. FEMS Microbiology Reviews. 2020, 44 (5): 631–644. ISSN 0168-6445. doi:10.1093/femsre/fuaa026.
^ Pauly, Maude; Snoeck, Chantal J.; Phoutana, Vannaphone; Keosengthong, Amphone; Sausy, Aurélie; Khenkha, Latdavone; Nouanthong, Phonethipsavanh; Samountry, Bounthome; et al. Cross-species transmission of poultry pathogens in backyard farms: ducks as carriers of chicken viruses. Avian Pathology. 2019, 48 (6): 503–511. ISSN 0307-9457. doi:10.1080/03079457.2019.1628919.
^ Chamings, Anthony; Nelson, Tiffanie M.; Vibin, Jessy; Wille, Michelle; Klaassen, Marcel; Alexandersen, Soren. Detection and characterisation of coronaviruses in migratory and non-migratory Australian wild birds. Scientific Reports. 2018, 8 (1). ISSN 2045-2322. doi:10.1038/s41598-018-24407-x.
^ Barbosa, Andrés; Varsani, Arvind; Morandini, Virginia; Grimaldi, Wray; Vanstreels, Ralph E.T.; Diaz, Julia I.; Boulinier, Thierry; Dewar, Meagan; et al. Risk assessment of SARS-CoV-2 in Antarctic wildlife. Science of The Total Environment. 2021, 755: 143352. ISSN 0048-9697. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143352.

[1] International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) 2019 taxonomy release. talk.ictvonline.org. [2021-01-27]. （原始内容存档于2020-03-20）.

[SchnellZhuang2015-2] Schnell, Matthias Johannes; Zhuang, Qing-Ye; Wang, Kai-Cheng; Liu, Shuo; Hou, Guang-Yu; Jiang, Wen-Ming; Wang, Su-Chun; Li, Jin-Ping; Yu, Jian-Min; Chen, Ji-Ming. Genomic Analysis and Surveillance of the Coronavirus Dominant in Ducks in China. PLOS ONE. 2015, 10 (6): e0129256. ISSN 1932-6203. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0129256.

[3] Duck coronavirus isolate DK/GD/27/2014, complete genome. NCBI.

[WilleHolmes2020-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Wille, Michelle; Holmes, Edward C. Wild birds as reservoirs for diverse and abundant gamma- and deltacoronaviruses. FEMS Microbiology Reviews. 2020, 44 (5): 631–644. ISSN 0168-6445. doi:10.1093/femsre/fuaa026.

[PaulySnoeck2019-5] Pauly, Maude; Snoeck, Chantal J.; Phoutana, Vannaphone; Keosengthong, Amphone; Sausy, Aurélie; Khenkha, Latdavone; Nouanthong, Phonethipsavanh; Samountry, Bounthome; et al. Cross-species transmission of poultry pathogens in backyard farms: ducks as carriers of chicken viruses. Avian Pathology. 2019, 48 (6): 503–511. ISSN 0307-9457. doi:10.1080/03079457.2019.1628919.

[ChamingsNelson2018-6] Chamings, Anthony; Nelson, Tiffanie M.; Vibin, Jessy; Wille, Michelle; Klaassen, Marcel; Alexandersen, Soren. Detection and characterisation of coronaviruses in migratory and non-migratory Australian wild birds. Scientific Reports. 2018, 8 (1). ISSN 2045-2322. doi:10.1038/s41598-018-24407-x.

[BarbosaVarsani2021-7] Barbosa, Andrés; Varsani, Arvind; Morandini, Virginia; Grimaldi, Wray; Vanstreels, Ralph E.T.; Diaz, Julia I.; Boulinier, Thierry; Dewar, Meagan; et al. Risk assessment of SARS-CoV-2 in Antarctic wildlife. Science of The Total Environment. 2021, 755: 143352. ISSN 0048-9697. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143352.

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