2022年扎姆法拉大屠杀
2022年1月4日至6日,尼日利亚扎姆法拉州土匪杀害了超过200人,[1]为尼日利亚近代史上死伤最严重的恐怖袭击。[2]
背景
[编辑]尼日利亚匪患始于2011年,与农牧民冲突和博科圣地叛乱有关,至今已导致上千人遇害。土匪团伙袭击西北各州,大规模绑架乃至屠杀居民。仅在扎姆法拉州,2021年2月便有279名中学女生遭绑架,6月在朱尔米又有50余村民遭屠杀。[3]
袭击发生前,政府军在1月3日发动空袭,击毙100名土匪,摧毁多处基地;土匪因而进入扎姆法拉州展开报复。[4]几天后,尼日利亚政府认定这些匪徒为恐怖分子。[5]
屠杀
[编辑]袭击发生前不久,土匪试图劫掠一个有3,000头牛的牛群,却遇到了当地义警。双方发生枪战,义警战败,多人遇害。土匪随即开始屠杀村民。[6][7]
1月4日下午12时45分左右,约300-500名土匪枪手乘摩托车进入库法尔丹亚镇(Kurfar Danya),[8]由此展开对安卡和布库尤姆地方政府区的系列劫案。[9][1][10]匪帮射杀村民,抢劫房屋后将其付之一炬。[11]土匪连续两天围攻库尔法镇(Kurfa)和拉芬-格罗镇(Rafin-Gero),未遭政府阻挠。[12][10]土匪先后摧毁五个定居点。[13]一名幸存者说土匪“见人就开枪”。[14]
1月6日,政府部队截击土匪,结束屠杀。[15][10]土匪头子贝洛·图尔吉(Bello Turji)被控对大屠杀负责。[16][17][18][19]
已确认的遇袭定居点
受害者
[编辑]扎姆法拉州当局称有58人死亡,备受争议。[26][27]一些难民认为有154人遇害。[14]人道主义事务部长萨迪亚·奥马尔·法鲁克的发言人称有200多具尸体下葬,[1]当地居民同意该说法。[28]著名反匪民团领袖甘博·阿巴雷(Gambo Abare)在系列袭击中遇害。[16][29]
后果
[编辑]匪帮焚毁五个定居点,超过一万人流离失所,[13][1]多人至今下落不明。[30]土匪盗走大量资源,包括约2,000头牛。[31][32]尼日利亚当局抵达受害地区,协助组织集体葬礼。[14]救援工作仍在进行中。[33]
反应
[编辑]尼日利亚
[编辑]1月8日,尼日利亚总统穆罕默杜·布哈里谴责本次袭击,称尼日利亚将争取镇压该国的恐怖主义。[34][14]前联邦政府书记安伊姆·皮乌斯·安伊姆对杀戮事件感到难过,谴责肇事者“破坏生命和财产”。[35]
安卡埃米尔Alhaji Attahir Ahmad和布库尤姆埃米尔Alhaji Muhammad Usman加强了地区安防。扎姆法拉州长贝洛·马塔瓦勒立即访问受害地区,与幸存者及家属会面交谈。他批评媒体据报夸大伤亡人数,称媒体“大相径庭地引用近期逃亡土匪袭击的可怕死亡数字”。[36]
全体进步大会党谴责这一事件,支持尼日利亚武装部队追查肇事者。全国代理委员会书记约翰·詹姆斯·阿克潘·乌多-埃德赫代表党“向失去亲人的家庭表示衷心哀悼,并向扎姆法拉州政府和人民表示同情”。[37][38]
尼日利亚劳工大会谴责大屠杀以及土匪的“邪恶和不人道”。[39]
前尼日利亚航空部部长费米·法尼-卡约德提议以地毯式轰炸防止屠杀,并指出军方刚获得一批“超级巨嘴鸟”攻击机。[40]卡杜纳州州长纳西尔·艾哈迈德·埃尔-鲁法伊也表示支持。[41]
他们在索科托杀人,你把军队调到那儿,把他们赶出去,他们就跑到凯比。如果他们在凯比挨了炸,就接着跑到卡杜纳。应该从天上炸、从地上炸、联合地面部队同时在全西北部五六个州以及尼日尔轰炸他们。在我看来,这个问题可以在几周内解决。我相信现在的不安全程度已经到了临界点,必须付出一些代价。我希望一劳永逸地结束这场匪乱。这是个问题。[42] ——纳西尔·艾哈迈德·埃尔-鲁法伊
国际
[编辑]土耳其外交部声称“据悉扎姆法拉州多起袭击造成逾百人丧生,对此表示万分悲痛。”[43][44]
联合国秘书长安东尼奥·古特雷斯对这一事件表示强烈谴责,支持尼日利亚的反恐行动,告诉尼日利亚当局"不遗余力地将这些令人发指的罪魁祸首绳之以法"。[45]古特雷斯重申了联合国对该国的声援。[46][47][48]
António Guterres | |
---|---|
@antonioguterres |
I strongly condemn the appalling attacks perpetrated over the weekend in Nigeria’s Zamfara State in which many civilians were killed. I urge the Nigerian authorities to spare no effort in bringing those responsible for these heinous crimes to justice.
尼日利亚扎姆法拉州周末发生了骇人听闻的袭击事件,许多平民遇害,对此我强烈谴责。我敦促尼日利亚当局不遗余力将这些令人发指的罪魁祸首绳之以法。
2022-01-10[49]
参考
[编辑]- ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 At least 200 dead in bandit attacks in northwest Nigeria. Al Jazeera. [2022-01-09]. (原始内容存档于2022-01-09).
- ^ Egbas, Jude. Terrorists kill more than 200 in Zamfara, Buhari fumes. Pulse Nigeria. 2022-01-08 [2022-01-10]. (原始内容存档于2022-01-09).
- ^ Hundreds killed in multiple gun raids in northwestern Nigeria. France 24. 2022-01-09 [2022-01-10]. (原始内容存档于2022-01-09).
- ^ Reprisal Attacks in Nigeria's Zamfara State Kill 200 Civilians. Democracy Now!. [2022-01-10]. (原始内容存档于2022-01-10).
- ^ At least 200 villagers killed by bandits in north-west Nigeria. the Guardian. 2022-01-09 [2022-01-09]. (原始内容存档于2022-01-09).
- ^ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 How Zamfara terrorists invaded our villages, killed over 200, burnt houses –Survivors. Punch Newspapers. 2022-01-08 [2022-01-10]. (原始内容存档于2022-01-09).
- ^ Bloodbath in Zamfara villages as bandits kill 200, scores missing. Punch Newspapers. 2022-01-07 [2022-01-10]. (原始内容存档于2022-01-10).
- ^ Reporters, Our Correspondent Our. Banditry: Over 10,000 victims rendered homeless in Zamfara – FG. New Telegraph. [2022-01-10]. (原始内容存档于2022-01-10).
- ^ Death toll in attacks in Nigeria's Zamfara state around 200 - residents. National Post. 2022-01-08 [2022-01-10]. (原始内容存档于2024-05-23).
- ^ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 Reuters. Armed bandits kill at least 30 in Nigeria's Zamfara state. Reuters. 2022-01-08 [2022-01-10]. (原始内容存档于2022-01-09).
- ^ More Than 100 Killed in Attack in Nigeria's North, Reports Say. VOA. [2022-01-09]. (原始内容存档于2022-01-09).
- ^ Armed Bandits Kill at Least 30 in Nigeria's Zamfara State. US News. 2022-01-07 [2022-01-10]. (原始内容存档于2022-01-10).
- ^ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 Bandits burn down five Zamfara communities, kill many people. Premium Times. 2022-01-06 [2022-01-09]. (原始内容存档于2022-01-07).
- ^ 14.0 14.1 14.2 14.3 Nigeria's president condemns killings in Zamfara state. Deutsche Welle. [2022-01-09]. (原始内容存档于2022-01-10).
- ^ Authorities: Death Toll Surpass 200 in Attacks in Nigeria's North. VOA. [2022-01-10]. (原始内容存档于2022-01-09).
- ^ 16.0 16.1 16.2 Zamfara Attacks: Over 50 dead bodies found as residents panic over rumour of Turji's relocation. 2022-01-07 [2022-01-09]. (原始内容存档于2022-01-07).
- ^ Endless massacres by Islamists in Nigeria: Boko, ISIS, Turji loyalists, Fulani, and others | Modern Tokyo Times. 2022-01-10 [2022-01-10]. (原始内容存档于2022-01-10).
- ^ Gabriel, John. Zamfara killings: You'll never know peace – University don curses bandits, sponsors. Daily Post Nigeria. 2022-01-09 [2022-01-10]. (原始内容存档于2022-01-09).
- ^ 19.0 19.1 Lives valueless under Buhari's govt – Kingsley Moghalu - P.M. News. P.M. News. [2022-01-10]. (原始内容存档于2022-01-09).
- ^ Bandits dare Nigerian military, return to Zamfara to massacre 218 civilians. Peoples Gazette. 2022-01-08 [2022-01-10]. (原始内容存档于2022-01-10).
- ^ 21.0 21.1 21.2 editing. Bandits Attack Five Zamfara Communities, Kill Many Residents. Sahara Reporters. 2022-01-06 [2022-01-10]. (原始内容存档于2022-01-09).
- ^ Reporters, Our Correspondent Our. Buhari: Zamfara massacre, act of desperation by mass murderer. New Telegraph. [2022-01-10]. (原始内容存档于2022-01-09).
- ^ Más de 200 muertos en ataques de bandidos en Nigeria. abc. 2022-01-08 [2022-01-10]. (原始内容存档于2022-01-08) (西班牙语).
- ^ Edokwe, Bridget. Over 200 Residents Buried As Bandits Raze Zamfara Communities In Fresh Attacks. BarristerNG.com. 2022-01-08 [2022-01-10]. (原始内容存档于2022-01-10).
- ^ Brown, Tamsin. Hundreds killed in vicious bandit attacks on Nigerian villages. EuroWeekly News. 2022-01-09 [2022-01-10]. (原始内容存档于2022-01-09).
- ^ Nigerian locals, authorities give varying attack death tolls. CBS17. 2022-01-09 [2022-01-10]. (原始内容存档于2022-01-10).
- ^ CNN, Story by Reuters and Nimi Princewill. Scores killed in northwest Nigeria during reprisal attacks by armed bandits. CNN. [2022-01-10]. (原始内容存档于2022-01-10).
- ^ About 200 Dead in Attacks in Northwest Nigeria, Residents Say. US News. 2022-01-08 [2022-01-10]. (原始内容存档于2022-01-10).
- ^ Insecurity: Round-up Of Northwest Nigeria's Week Of Mixed Fortunes. HumAngle Media. 2022-01-08 [2022-01-10]. (原始内容存档于2022-01-11).
- ^ AfricaNews. Nigeria: bandits attacks kill at least 200, displacing thousands. Africanews. 2022-01-10 [2022-01-10]. (原始内容存档于2022-01-10).
- ^ Nigeria motorbike gang attack: Death toll rises to 200. BBC News. 2022-01-09 [2022-01-10]. (原始内容存档于2022-01-09).
- ^ Nigeria: Armed assailants kill up to 200 civilians in attacks in Zamfara State Jan. 5-6. GardaWorld. [2022-01-10]. (原始内容存档于2022-01-10).
- ^ AFP. Nigeria attacks leave 200 dead, thousands displaced. DAWN.COM. 2022-01-10 [2022-01-10]. (原始内容存档于2022-01-10).
- ^ Buhari condemns massacre of about 200 villagers in Zamfara. 2022-01-09 [2022-01-09]. (原始内容存档于2022-01-09).
- ^ Zamfara killings: Anyim mourns, says people should not live in fear in their own home. Punch Newspapers. 2022-01-09 [2022-01-10]. (原始内容存档于2022-01-10).
- ^ Killings: Zamfara emirs cry for help, Buhari vows to crush terrorists. Punch Newspapers. 2022-01-09 [2022-01-09]. (原始内容存档于2022-01-09).
- ^ Defeated bandits running from military onslaught in Zamfara, APC says. Peoples Gazette. 2022-01-10 [2022-01-10]. (原始内容存档于2022-01-10).
- ^ Killings in Zamfara won't go unpunished, says APC. TheCable. 2022-01-10 [2022-01-10]. (原始内容存档于2022-01-10).
- ^ NLC condemns recent massacre in Zamfara. The Sun (Nigeria). 2022-01-10 [2022-01-10]. (原始内容存档于2022-01-10).
- ^ Silas, Don. Zamfara massacre: Time to consider use of American Tucano jets – Fani-Kayode. Daily Post Nigeria. 2022-01-09 [2022-01-09]. (原始内容存档于2022-01-09).
- ^ BANDITS: El-Rufai's call for carpet-bombing raises dust. Vanguard News. 2022-01-09 [2022-01-09]. (原始内容存档于2022-01-09).
- ^ Carpet-Bombing: The collateral damage 'll be enormous — Pundit tells El-Rufai. Vanguard News. 2022-01-08 [2022-01-09]. (原始内容存档于2022-01-09).
- ^ Turkey condemns 'heinous' attacks in northwestern Nigeria. Anadolu Agency. [2022-01-10]. (原始内容存档于2022-01-11).
- ^ Dışişleri Bakanlığı'ndan Nijerya'daki saldırıya kınama. TGRT Haber. [2022-01-10]. (原始内容存档于2022-01-10) (土耳其语).
- ^ UN chief condemns 'appalling' attacks in Nigeria. Saudi Gazetteglish. 2022-01-11 [2022-01-11]. (原始内容存档于2022-01-11).
- ^ Zamfara Attacks: UN scribe condemns killings, urges FG to arrest perpetrators. Premium Times. 2022-01-11 [2022-01-11]. (原始内容存档于2022-01-11).
- ^ Zamfara: UN chief Guterres condemns massacre of over 200 people by bandits. Peoples Gazette. 2022-01-10 [2022-01-11]. (原始内容存档于2022-01-10).
- ^ Scores of civilians dead, UN chief condemns 'appalling' attacks in Nigeria. UN News. 2022-01-10 [2022-01-11]. (原始内容存档于2022-01-11).
- ^ António Guterres [@antonioguterres]. I strongly condemn the appalling attacks perpetrated over the weekend in Nigeria’s Zamfara State in which many civilians were killed. I urge the Nigerian authorities to spare no effort in bringing those responsible for these heinous crimes to justice. (推文). 2022-01-10 –通过Twitter.