壁蜂屬
壁蜂屬
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科學分類 
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| 界： | 動物界 Animalia |
| 門： | 節肢動物門 Arthropoda |
| 綱： | 昆蟲綱 Insecta |
| 目： | 膜翅目 Hymenoptera |
| 科： | 切葉蜂科 Megachilidae |
| 屬： | 壁蜂屬 Osmia Panzer, 1806 |
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壁蜂屬（學名：Osmia）是昆蟲綱膜翅目蜜蜂總科切葉蜂科的一屬昆蟲，約有80餘種[1]。該屬昆蟲多喜在土壁、石洞、牆壁等洞穴中築巢，以採集花粉和花蜜為食[2]。常作為人工放養野生蜜蜂用於蘋果、櫻桃、梨等果樹的授粉[3]。
下屬物種
[編輯]本屬包括以下物種：
- Osmia adae Bingham, 1897
- Osmia aeruginosa Warncke, 1988
- Osmia agilis Morawitz, 1875
- Osmia aglaia Sandhouse, 1939
- Osmia alaiensis van der Zanden, 1994
- Osmia albiventris Cresson, 1864
- Osmia albolateralis Cockerell, 1906
- Osmia alfkenii Ducke, 1899
- Osmia aliciae Ayala & Griswold, 2005
- Osmia alpestris Rust & Bohart, 1986
- Osmia alticola Benoist, 1922
- Osmia amathusica Mavromoustakis, 1937
- Osmia anasazi
- Osmia anceps Pérez, 1895
- Osmia anceyi Pérez, 1879
- Osmia andrenoides Spinola, 1808
- Osmia angustipes Cockerell, 1933
- Osmia antiqua Heer, 1849
- Osmia apicata Smith, 1853
- Osmia aquila Warncke, 1988
- Osmia aquilonaria Rightmyer, Griswold & Arduser, 2010
- Osmia argyropyga Pérez, 1879
- Osmia ariadne Peters, 1978
- Osmia ashmeadii (Titus, 1904)
- Osmia atriventris Cresson, 1864
- Osmia atrocyanea Cockerell, 1897
- Osmia aurulenta (Panzer, 1799)
- Osmia austromaritima Michener, 1936
- Osmia avedata Warncke, 1992
- Osmia avosetta Warncke, 1988
- Osmia azteca Cresson, 1878
- Osmia balearica Schmiedeknecht, 1885
- Osmia bella Cresson, 1878
- Osmia bicolor (Schrank, 1781)
- Osmia bicornis (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Osmia bidentata Morawitz, 1876
- Osmia bischoffi Atanassov, 1938
- Osmia botitena Cockerell, 1909
- Osmia breviata Warncke, 1988
- Osmia brevicornis (Fabricius, 1798)
- Osmia brevipes van der Zanden, 1994
- Osmia brevis Cresson, 1864
- Osmia bruneri Cockerell, 1897
- Osmia bucephala Cresson, 1864
- Osmia caerulescens (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Osmia cahuilla Cooper, 1993
- Osmia calaminthae Rightmyer, Ascher & Griswold, 2011
- Osmia calcarata White, 1952
- Osmia californica Cresson, 1864
- Osmia calla Cockerell, 1897
- Osmia cara Cockerell, 1910
- Osmia caraformis
- Osmia carbo (van der Zanden, 1994)
- Osmia carbonum von Heyden, 1862
- 脊唇壁蜂 Osmia carinoclypearis Wu, 1985
- Osmia caulicola Cockerell, 1934
- Osmia centaureae Müller, 2018
- Osmia cephalotes Morawitz, 1870
- Osmia cerasi Cockerell, 1897
- 尖唇壁蜂 Osmia cerinthidis Morawitz, 1876
- Osmia chalybea Smith, 1853
- 中國壁蜂 Osmia chinensis Morawitz, 1890
- Osmia chrysaetos Warncke, 1988
- Osmia chrysolepta Haeseler, 2005
- Osmia cinctella Dours, 1873
- Osmia cinerea Warncke, 1988
- Osmia cinnabarina Pérez, 1895
- Osmia clarescens Cockerell, 1911
- Osmia clypearis Morawitz, 1871
- Osmia cobaltina Cresson, 1878
- 藍壁蜂 Osmia coerulescens (Linneus,1758)
- Osmia collinsiae Robertson, 1905
- Osmia coloradensis Cresson, 1878
- 凹壁蜂 Osmia concavoclypearis Wu, 1985
- Osmia conjuncta Cresson, 1864
- Osmia conjunctoides Robertson, 1893
- Osmia cordata Robertson, 1902
- Osmia corniculata (van der Zanden, 1989)
- 角額壁蜂 Osmia cornifrons (Radoszkowski, 1887)
- Osmia cornuta (Latreille, 1805)
- Osmia crassa Rust & Bohart, 1986
- Osmia crinita Alfken, 1942
- Osmia croatica Friese, 1893
- Osmia croceiventris Radoszkowski, 1882
- Osmia cyanella Cockerell, 1897
- Osmia cyaneonitens Cockerell, 1906
- Osmia cyanescens Morawitz, 1875
- Osmia cyanopoda Cockerell, 1916
- Osmia cyanoxantha Pérez, 1879
- Osmia cyrenaica Peters, 1978
- Osmia dakotensis Michener, 1937
- Osmia damascena Pérez, 1911
- Osmia densa Cresson, 1864
- Osmia derasa Pérez, 1895
- Osmia dido Gribodo, 1894
- Osmia difficilis Morawitz, 1875
- Osmia dilaticornis Morawitz, 1875
- Osmia dimidiata Morawitz, 1870
- Osmia diomedia Warncke, 1988
- Osmia disjuncta Tkalcu, 1995
- Osmia distincta Cresson, 1864
- Osmia distinguenda (Tkalcu, 1974)[4]
- Osmia dives Mocsáry, 1877
- Osmia dlabolae Tkalcu, 1978
- Osmia dolerosa Sandhouse, 1939
- Osmia dusmeti van der Zanden, 1998
- Osmia ednae Cockerell, 1907
- Osmia elegans (Tkalcu, 1992)
- Osmia emarginata Lepeletier, 1841
- Osmia enixa Sandhouse, 1924
- Osmia ephippiata Smith, 1879
- Osmia erythrogastra Ferton, 1905
- 凹唇壁蜂 Osmia excavata Alfken, 1903
- 缺口壁蜂 Osmia excisa Morawitz,1880
- Osmia exigua Cresson, 1878
- Osmia exquisita Griswold & Rightmyer, 2017
- Osmia fallax Pérez, 1895
- Osmia fasciata Latreille, 1811
- Osmia fedtschenkoi Morawitz, 1875
- Osmia felti Cockerell, 1911
- Osmia ferruginea Latreille, 1811
- Osmia fetschenkoi Morawitz, 1875
- Osmia forticornis van der Zanden, 1989
- Osmia foxi Cameron, 1901
- Osmia frieseana Ducke, 1899
- Osmia frunseensis Warncke, 1992
- 黃腹壁蜂 Osmia fulviventris (Panzer,1798)
- Osmia gabrielis Cockerell, 1910
- Osmia gallarum Spinola, 1808
- Osmia gaudiosa Cockerell, 1907
- Osmia gemmea Pérez, 1895
- Osmia georgica Cresson, 1878
- Osmia giffardi Sandhouse, 1939
- Osmia giliarum Cockerell, 1906
- Osmia glareola Warncke, 1988
- Osmia glauca (Fowler, 1899)
- Osmia gonzalezi Griswold & Rightmyer, 2017
- Osmia gracilicornis Pérez, 1895
- Osmia granulosa Cockerell, 1911
- Osmia grindeliae Cockerell, 1910
- Osmia grinnelli Cockerell, 1910
- Osmia gulmargensis Nurse, 1903
- Osmia gutturalis Warncke, 1988
- 麗壁蜂 Osmia haemorrhoa Morawitz, 1886
- Osmia heliaca Warncke, 1988
- Osmia helicicola Robinaeau, 1836
- Osmia helicola Robinaeau, 1836
- Osmia hellados van der Zanden, 1984
- Osmia hemera Sandhouse, 1939
- Osmia hermona Warncke, 1992
- Osmia hermonensis (Tkalcu, 1992)
- Osmia hesperos Sandhouse, 1939
- Osmia heteracantha Pérez, 1895
- Osmia iberica van der Zanden, 1987
- Osmia illinoensis Robertson, 1897
- Osmia imitatrix (Tkalcu, 1992)
- Osmia indeprensa Sandhouse, 1939
- Osmia indigotea Morawitz, 1875
- 無戎壁蜂 Osmia inermis (Zetterstedt, 1838)
- Osmia inspergens Lovell & Cockerell, 1907
- Osmia integra Cresson, 1878
- Osmia inurbana Cresson, 1878
- Osmia iridis Cockerell & Titus, 1902
- 石川壁蜂 Osmia ishikawai Hirashima, 1973
- 紫壁蜂 Osmia jacoti Cockerell, 1929
- Osmia jason Benoist, 1929
- 吉林壁蜂 Osmia jilinensis Wu, 2004
- Osmia juxta Cresson, 1864
- Osmia kashmirensis Nurse, 1903
- Osmia kincaidii Cockerell, 1897
- Osmia kirgisiana van der Zanden, 1994
- Osmia kohlii Ducke, 1899
- Osmia labialis Pérez, 1879
- Osmia lacunosa Griswold & Rightmyer, 2017
- Osmia lacus Sandhouse, 1939
- Osmia laeta Sandhouse, 1924
- Osmia lanei Sandhouse, 1939
- Osmia larochei Tkalcu, 1993
- Osmia laticauda Stanek, 1969
- Osmia laticella van der Zanden, 1986
- Osmia laticeps Thomson, 1872
- Osmia latisulcata Michener, 1936
- Osmia latreillei (Spinola, 1806)
- Osmia lazulina Benoist, 1928
- Osmia leaiana (Kirby, 1802)
- Osmia lhotelleriei Pérez, 1887
- Osmia lignaria Say, 1837
- Osmia ligurica Morawitz, 1868
- Osmia liogastra Cockerell, 1933
- Osmia livida Tkalcu, 1978
- Osmia lobata Friese, 1899
- Osmia longicornis Morawitz, 1875
- Osmia longula Cresson, 1864
- Osmia lunata Benoist, 1928
- Osmia lupinicola Cockerell, 1937
- Osmia madeirensis van der Zanden, 1991
- Osmia malina Cockerell, 1909
- Osmia maracandica Morawitz, 1894
- Osmia marginata Michener, 1936
- Osmia marginipennis Cresson, 1878
- Osmia (Diceratosmia) marilaunidii (Cockerell, 1914) Rightmyer, 2017
- Osmia marilaunidii Cockerell, 1914
- Osmia maritima Friese, 1885
- Osmia maxillaris Morawitz, 1875
- Osmia maxschwarzi Müller, 2012
- Osmia mediana Engel, 2006
- 黑頭壁蜂 Osmia melanocephala Morawitz, 1875
- 黑腹壁蜂 Osmia melanogaster Spinola, 1808
- Osmia melanopleura Cockerell, 1916
- Osmia melanota Morawitz, 1888
- Osmia melanura Morawitz, 1871
- Osmia mertensiae Cockerell, 1907
- 小壁蜂 Osmia microdonta Cockerell, 1931
- Osmia mirhiji Mavromoustakis, 1957
- Osmia mixta Michener, 1936
- 蒙古壁蜂 Osmia mongolica Morawitz, 1880
- Osmia montana Cresson, 1864
- Osmia moreensis van der Zanden, 1984
- Osmia morongana Cockerell, 1937
- Osmia mustelina Gerstäcker, 1869
- Osmia mutensis Peters, 1978
- Osmia nana Morawitz, 1874
- Osmia nanula Cockerell, 1897
- Osmia nasoproducta Ferton, 1909
- Osmia nasuta Friese, 1899
- Osmia nearctica Rightmyer, Griswold & Arduser, 2010
- Osmia nemoris Sandhouse, 1924
- Osmia neocyanopoda Rust & Bohart, 1986
- Osmia nifoata Cockerell, 1909
- Osmia nigra Zeuner & Manning, 1976
- Osmia nigricollis Warncke, 1992
- Osmia nigrifrons Cresson, 1878
- 黑腹面壁蜂 Osmia nigriventris (Zetterstedt, 1838)
- Osmia nigrobarbata Cockerell, 1916
- Osmia nigrohirta Friese, 1899
- 黑毛刷壁蜂 Osmia nigroscopula (Wu, 1982)
- Osmia niveata (Fabricius, 1804)
- Osmia niveocincta Pérez, 1879
- Osmia notata (Fabricius, 1804)
- Osmia novaescotiae Cockerell, 1912
- Osmia nuda Friese, 1899
- Osmia obliqua White, 1952
- Osmia ocularis Warncke, 1988
- Osmia odontogaster Cockerell, 1897
- Osmia olgae (Tkalcu, 1978)
- Osmia onocrotala Warncke, 1988
- Osmia opima Romankova, 1985
- Osmia oramara Warncke, 1992
- Osmia orientalis Benoist, 1929
- Osmia padri (Tkalcu, 1974)
- Osmia pagosa Sandhouse, 1939
- Osmia palmae Tkalcu, 2001
- Osmia palmula Rightmyer & Griswold, 2010
- Osmia palmyrae van der Zanden, 1998
- 帕米爾壁蜂 Osmia pamirensis Gussakovsky, 1930
- Osmia paradisica Sandhouse, 1924
- Osmia parietina Curtis, 1828
- Osmia parva (Radoszkowski, 1874)
- 叉壁蜂 Osmia pedicornis Cockerell, 1919
- Osmia pennata Warncke, 1988
- Osmia pentstemonis Cockerell, 1906
- Osmia peregrina Warncke, 1988
- Osmia phenax Cockerell, 1897
- Osmia picena (Tkalcu, 1999)
- 皮氏壁蜂 Osmia pieli Cockerell, 1931
- Osmia pikei Cockerell, 1907
- 毛角壁蜂 Osmia pilicornis Smith, 1846
- Osmia pingreeana Michener, 1937
- Osmia pinguis Pérez, 1895
- Osmia pinorum Cockerell, 1935
- Osmia polkruga Warncke, 1992
- Osmia potentillae Michener, 1936
- Osmia prasina Morawitz, 1875
- Osmia pratincola Warncke, 1988
- Osmia proxima Cresson, 1864
- Osmia prunorum Cockerell, 1897
- Osmia pulsatillae Cockerell, 1907
- Osmia pumila Cresson, 1864
- Osmia punica Pérez, 1895
- Osmia purpurata Ducke, 1899
- Osmia pusilla Cresson, 1864
- 方角壁蜂 Osmia quadricornuta Wu, 2004
- Osmia quadridentata (Dumeril, 1860)
- Osmia ramona Warncke, 1992
- Osmia raritatis Michener, 1957
- Osmia rawlinsi Sandhouse, 1939
- Osmia regulina Cockerell, 1911
- Osmia relicta (Popov, 1954)
- Osmia rhodoensis (van der Zanden, 1983)
- Osmia ribifloris Cockerell, 1900
- Osmia rostrata Sandhouse, 1924
- 黃足壁蜂 Osmia rubripes Smith,1879
- Osmia rufigastra Lepeletier, 1841
- 紅壁蜂 Osmia rufina Cockerell, 1931
- 擬紅壁蜂 Osmia rufinoides Wu, 2004
- 紅毛壁蜂 Osmia rufohirta Latreille, 1811
- Osmia rufotibialis Friese, 1920
- Osmia rutila Erichson, 1839
- Osmia sanctaerosae Cockerell, 1910
- Osmia sandhouseae Mitchell, 1927
- Osmia sanrafaelae Parker, 1985
- 怪唇壁蜂 Osmia satoi Yasumatsu & Hirashima, 1950
- Osmia saxatilis Warncke, 1988
- Osmia saxicola Ducke, 1899
- Osmia scheherazade Peters, 1978
- Osmia sculleni Sandhouse, 1939
- Osmia scutellaris Morawitz, 1868
- Osmia scutispina Gribodo, 1894
- Osmia sedula Sandhouse, 1924
- Osmia sequoiae Michener, 1936
- 陝西壁蜂 Osmia shaanxiensis Wu, 2004
- Osmia signata Erichson, 1839
- Osmia simillima Smith, 1853
- 簡壁蜂 Osmia simplex Morawitz, 1875
- Osmia sogdiana Morawitz, 1875
- Osmia solitaria Sandhouse, 1924
- Osmia sparsipuncta Alfken, 1914
- Osmia spinicoxa Müller, 2020
- Osmia spinigera Latreille, 1811
- Osmia spinulifera Griswold & Rightmyer, 2017
- Osmia spinulosa (Kirby, 1802)
- Osmia sponsa Nurse, 1904
- Osmia stangei Genaro, 2001
- Osmia steinmanni Müller, 2002
- Osmia subarctica Cockerell, 1912
- Osmia subaustralis Cockerell, 1900
- Osmia subcornuta Morawitz, 1875
- Osmia subfasciata Cresson, 1872
- Osmia submicans Morawitz, 1870
- 擬簡壁蜂 Osmia subtersa Cockerell, 1930
- Osmia svenssoni Tkalcu, 1983
- Osmia sybarita Smith, 1853
- Osmia tadjika Warncke, 1992
- Osmia tanneri Sandhouse, 1939
- Osmia tarsata Provancher, 1888
- 壯壁蜂 Osmia taurus Smith, 1873
- Osmia tawildara Warncke, 1992
- Osmia tergestensis Ducke, 1897
- Osmia tersula Cockerell, 1912
- Osmia teunisseni van der Zanden, 1981
- Osmia texana Cresson, 1872
- Osmia thoracica Radoszkowski, 1874
- Osmia thysanisca Michener, 1957
- Osmia tingitana Benoist, 1969
- Osmia tokopahensis Michener, 1936
- Osmia torquata Warncke, 1988
- Osmia trevoris Cockerell, 1897
- Osmia tricornis Latreille, 1811
- Osmia tricuspidata Dours, 1873
- Osmia trifoliama Sandhouse, 1939
- Osmia tristella Cockerell, 1897
- Osmia tunensis (Fabricius, 1787)
- 土庫曼壁蜂 Osmia turcestanica Dalla Torre,1875
- Osmia tyrneri (Tkalcu, 1992)
- Osmia unca Michener, 1937
- Osmia uncicornis Pérez, 1895
- Osmia uncinata Gerstäcker, 1869
- Osmia vandykei Sandhouse, 1924
- Osmia versicolor Latreille, 1811
- 寡壁蜂 Osmia vidua Gestaecker,1869
- Osmia virga Sandhouse, 1939
- Osmia viridana Morawitz, 1874
- Osmia warnckei (Tkalcu, 1992)
- Osmia watsoni Cockerell, 1911
- Osmia wyomingensis Michener, 1936
- Osmia xanthomelana (Kirby, 1802)
- 延邊壁蜂 Osmia yanbianensis Wu, 2004
- Osmia zarzisa Warncke, 1992
- Osmia zephyros Sandhouse, 1939
參考文獻
[編輯]- ^ 閆卓; 王麗娜,門興元,肖雲麗,戈峰,歐陽芳. 苹果园周围生境对凹唇壁蜂种群的维持作用. 應用昆蟲學報. 2018, 55 (6) [2022-08-02].
- ^ 袁鋒; 黃尚志. 陕西省壁蜂区系调查与利用研究：膜翅目：切叶蜂科. 昆蟲分類學報. 1992, (2): 148–152 [2022-08-02].
- ^ 竇飛越; 李紅英，宋海濤，寇若玫，周澤揚，羅阿蓉，黃敦元. 凹唇壁蜂的营巢生物学研究. 環境昆蟲學報. 2022, 44 (1): 184–193 [2022-08-02]. （原始內容存檔於2022-06-21）.
- ^ Andreas Müller. 2018. Palaearctic Osmia Bees of the Subgenus Hoplosmia (Megachilidae, Osmiini): Biology, Taxonomy and Key to Species. Zootaxa. 4415(2); 297–329. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4415.2.4