馬島蝟亞目
外觀
馬島蝟亞目 | |
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低地紋蝟(Hemicentetes semispinosus) | |
科學分類 | |
界: | 動物界 Animalia |
門: | 脊索動物門 Chordata |
綱: | 哺乳綱 Mammalia |
目: | 非洲蝟目 Afrosoricida |
亞目: | 馬島蝟亞目 Tenrecomorpha Butler, 1972[1] |
總科與科 | |
馬島蝟亞目(學名:Tenrecomorpha)為非洲獸總目非洲蝟目下的一個亞目,包含了獺鼩科與馬島蝟科,僅發現於非洲大陸赤道地區以及馬達加斯加[2][3],兩科於約5,300萬~4,700萬年前分家[3][4][5]。獺鼩科最初是作為亞科置於馬島蝟科下[3],之後才提升為獨立的科,與馬島蝟科共同置於馬島蝟亞目下,牠們為半水生的肉食性動物,能透過感覺毛於水中搜尋獵物。馬島蝟亞目也包含了部分已滅絕屬,例如近土豚屬,是外型近似現存土豚的穴居食蟲動物[6]。
馬島蝟總科的共同祖先被認為是於3,700萬~2,900萬年前[3][4][5]單次性的從非洲渡海傳播至馬達加斯加[7][8],並透過輻射適應佔據了多樣的生態位,展現了趨同演化,外型趨同的物種包括刺蝟、鼩鼱、負鼠與老鼠。所有馬島蝟總科的物種均具有一定程度的雜食性,並主要以無脊椎動物為食。
參考文獻
[編輯]- ^ Butler, P. M. The problem of insectivore classification. Joysey, K. A.; Kemp, T. S. (編). Studies in Vertebrate Evolution: Essays Presented to F. R. Parrington. Oliver and Boyd. 1972: 253–265. ISBN 978-0-05-002131-6.
- ^ Bronner, G.N.; Jenkins, P.D. Order Afrosoricida. Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M (編). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference 3rd. Johns Hopkins University Press. 2005: 72–77. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
- ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Everson, K. M.; Soarimalala, V.; Goodman, S. M.; Olson, L. E. Multiple Loci and Complete Taxonomic Sampling Resolve the Phylogeny and Biogeographic History of Tenrecs (Mammalia: Tenrecidae) and Reveal Higher Speciation Rates in Madagascar's Humid Forests. Systematic Biology. 2016, 65 (5): 890–909. PMID 27103169. doi:10.1093/sysbio/syw034 .
- ^ 4.0 4.1 Douady, C. J.; Catzeflis, F.; Kao, D. J.; Springer, M. S.; Stanhope, M. J. Molecular Evidence for the Monophyly of Tenrecidae (Mammalia) and the Timing of the Colonization of Madagascar by Malagasy Tenrecs. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 2002, 22 (3): 357–363. PMID 11884160. doi:10.1006/mpev.2001.1055.
- ^ 5.0 5.1 Poux, C.; Madsen, O.; Glos, J.; de Jong, W. W.; Vences, M. Molecular phylogeny and divergence times of Malagasy tenrecs: Influence of data partitioning and taxon sampling on dating analyses. BMC Evolutionary Biology. 2008, 8 (1): 102. Bibcode:2008BMCEE...8..102P. PMC 2330147 . PMID 18377639. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-8-102 .
- ^ Buckley, M. A Molecular Phylogeny of Plesiorycteropus Reassigns the Extinct Mammalian Order 'Bibymalagasia'. PLOS ONE. 2013, 8 (3): e59614. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...859614B. PMC 3608660 . PMID 23555726. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0059614 .
- ^ Kinver, M. Mammals 'floated to Madagascar'. BBC News web site. BBC. 2010-01-20 [2010-01-20].
- ^ Ali, J. R.; Huber, M. Mammalian biodiversity on Madagascar controlled by ocean currents. Nature (Nature Publishing Group). 2010-01-20, 463 (4 Feb. 2010): 653–656. Bibcode:2010Natur.463..653A. PMID 20090678. S2CID 4333977. doi:10.1038/nature08706.