腹外侧视前核
腹外侧视前区（VLPO）是位于下丘脑前部的一个小神经元群。[1][2]
腹外侧视前区是控制人們唤醒与睡眠的神经系统。[1][2]在非快速动眼睡眠期间，腹外侧视前核會释放抑制性神经递质。[3]
VLPO在睡眠期间处于活跃状态，特别是在非快速眼动睡眠（NREM睡眠）期间，[4]并释放抑制性神经递质，主要是GABA和甘丙宁，它们抑制参与觉醒上升性觉醒系统的神经元。[5][6]而VLPO又受到来自上升性觉醒系统多个组成部分神经元的支配。[7]VLPO由内源性促进睡眠的物质腺苷[8][9]和前列腺素D2[10]激活。在清醒状态下，VLPO受到唤醒诱导神经递质去甲肾上腺素和乙酰胆碱的抑制。[7]VLPO在睡眠和觉醒中的作用及其与睡眠障碍（特别是失眠和嗜睡症）的关系是神经科学研究的一个新兴领域。
参考文献
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- ^ 7.0 7.1 Gallopin, Thierry; Fort, Patrice; Eggermann, Emmanuel; Cauli, Bruno; Luppi, Pierre-Hervé; Rossier, Jean; Audinat, Etienne; Mühlethaler, Michel; Serafin, Mauro. Identification of sleep-promoting neurons in vitro. Nature. 2000, 404 (6781): 992–995. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 10801127. S2CID 4364527. doi:10.1038/35010109 （英语）.
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- ^ Gallopin T. The endogenous somnogen adenosine excites a subset of sleep-promoting neurons via A2A receptors in the ventrolateral preoptic nucleus. Neuroscience. 2005, 134 (4): 1377–1390. PMID 16039802. S2CID 27732204. doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2005.05.045.
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