连接组：修订间差异

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2019年3月5日 (二) 04:17的版本

连接组（connectome）是大脑中神经连接的综合图，可以被认为是其“接线图”。更广泛地说，连接组将包括生物体神经系统内所有神经连接的映射。

连接组的产生和研究，称为连接组学，可以从生物体的部分或全部神经系统内的全套神经元和突触的详细图谱到宏观尺度描述之间的功能和结构连接的范围。所有皮质区和皮质区下一级结构。术语“连接组”主要用于捕获，绘制和理解大脑内神经相互作用的组织的科学努力。

研究成功构建了一种动物的完整连接体：线虫动物门秀丽隐杆线虫（White et al.等人，1986^[1]， Varshney et al.等人，2011 ^[2]）。还成功构建了小鼠视网膜^[3]和小鼠初级视觉皮层^[4]的部分连接体。其他重建，例如Bock等人的2011年完整的12TB数据集，可通过诸如NeuroData等服务公开获得^[5]。

连通组学的最终目标是绘制人脑。这项工作是由美国美国的国立卫生研究院（NIH）赞助的人类连接组项目（英语：Human Connectome Project）推动的，该项目的重点是在健康，活着的成年人中建立人脑的网络图。

参阅

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参考资料

^ White JG, Southgate E, Thomson JN, Brenner S. The structure of the nervous system of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences. November 1986, 314 (1165): 1–340. Bibcode:1986RSPTB.314....1W. PMID 22462104. doi:10.1098/rstb.1986.0056.
^ Varshney LR, Chen BL, Paniagua E, Hall DH, Chklovskii DB. Sporns O , 编. Structural properties of the Caenorhabditis elegans neuronal network. PLoS Computational Biology. February 2011, 7 (2): e1001066. Bibcode:2011PLSCB...7E0010V. PMC 3033362 . PMID 21304930. doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1001066.
^ Briggman KL, Helmstaedter M, Denk W. Wiring specificity in the direction-selectivity circuit of the retina. Nature. March 2011, 471 (7337): 183–8. Bibcode:2011Natur.471..183B. PMID 21390125. doi:10.1038/nature09818.
^ Bock DD, Lee WC, Kerlin AM, Andermann ML, Hood G, Wetzel AW, Yurgenson S, Soucy ER, Kim HS, Reid RC. Network anatomy and in vivo physiology of visual cortical neurons. Nature. March 2011, 471 (7337): 177–82. Bibcode:2011Natur.471..177B. PMC 3095821 . PMID 21390124. doi:10.1038/nature09802.
^ Van Essen DC, Smith SM, Barch DM, Behrens TE, Yacoub E, Ugurbil K. The WU-Minn Human Connectome Project: an overview. NeuroImage. October 2013, 80: 62–79. PMC 3724347 . PMID 23684880. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.05.041.

[Royal_Society_B_1986-1] White JG, Southgate E, Thomson JN, Brenner S. The structure of the nervous system of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences. November 1986, 314 (1165): 1–340. Bibcode:1986RSPTB.314....1W. PMID 22462104. doi:10.1098/rstb.1986.0056.

[PLoS_Computational_Biology_2011-2] Varshney LR, Chen BL, Paniagua E, Hall DH, Chklovskii DB. Sporns O , 编. Structural properties of the Caenorhabditis elegans neuronal network. PLoS Computational Biology. February 2011, 7 (2): e1001066. Bibcode:2011PLSCB...7E0010V. PMC 3033362 . PMID 21304930. doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1001066.

[Brig-3] Briggman KL, Helmstaedter M, Denk W. Wiring specificity in the direction-selectivity circuit of the retina. Nature. March 2011, 471 (7337): 183–8. Bibcode:2011Natur.471..183B. PMID 21390125. doi:10.1038/nature09818.

[Bock-4] Bock DD, Lee WC, Kerlin AM, Andermann ML, Hood G, Wetzel AW, Yurgenson S, Soucy ER, Kim HS, Reid RC. Network anatomy and in vivo physiology of visual cortical neurons. Nature. March 2011, 471 (7337): 177–82. Bibcode:2011Natur.471..177B. PMC 3095821 . PMID 21390124. doi:10.1038/nature09802.

[Van_EssenSmith2013-5] Van Essen DC, Smith SM, Barch DM, Behrens TE, Yacoub E, Ugurbil K. The WU-Minn Human Connectome Project: an overview. NeuroImage. October 2013, 80: 62–79. PMC 3724347 . PMID 23684880. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.05.041.

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