原初黑洞：修订间差异

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2021年8月18日 (三) 15:51的版本

原初黑洞（primordial black hole），又称为太初黑洞，是一种假想的黑洞类型。这类黑洞不是由大质量恒星的引力坍缩形成的，而是来源于宇宙早期大爆炸暴涨时物质的超高密度。

根据大爆炸模型，在大爆炸之后最初的一小段时间内有着极高的压强与温度。如此情况下，物质密度的简单波动就可能造成局部区域的密度达到形成黑洞的条件。尽管大多数的高密度区域很快因宇宙的膨胀而散开，但原生的黑洞则会保持稳定直至今日。

有科学家认为，那些质量在10¹⁴千克至10²³千克之间的原初黑洞可能和暗物质有关。^[1]这是由于这些小质量原初黑洞的行为会与其他可能的暗物质粒子一致。在这一质量范围内，我们既能够剔除那些因质量太小而早已蒸发的黑洞，也能剔除那些无法解释引力透镜观测结果的大質量黑洞。

激光干涉引力波天文台（LIGO）于2015年9月14日探测到引力波事件GW150914，經過詳細分析數據，學者估算，該事件所涉及到的兩個黑洞，其質量皆大於25個太陽質量，大於通常由恆星滅亡產生的一般黑洞，因此，學者推測LIGO很可能探測到由暗物質形成的原初黑洞。^[2]^[3]

参考文献

^ Michael Kesden, Shravan Hanasoge, (Sept 2011) "Transient solar oscillations driven by primordial black holes", Physical Review Letters. http://arxiv.org/PS_cache/arxiv/pdf/1106/1106.0011v1.pdf
^ Bird, Simeon. Viewpoint: Supernova Study Dampens Dark Matter Theory. Physics. APS Physics. 2018-10-01 [2018-10-02]. （原始内容存档于2019-05-14）. The finding fueled speculation that the LIGO-Virgo collaboration had detected primordial black holes
^ Bird, Simeon; et al, Did LIGO Detect Dark Matter?, Physical Review Letters, 2016, 116 (20): 201301 [2018-10-02], doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.201301, （原始内容存档于2021-01-06）

S.W. Hawking, Commun.Math. Phys. 43 (1975) 199 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）: Original article proposing existence of radiation
D. Page, Phys. Rev. D13 (1976) 198 : First detailed studies of the evaporation mechanism
B.J. Carr & S.W. Hawking, Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc 168 (1974) 399 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） : Describes links between primordial black holes and the early universe
A. Barrau et al., Astron. Astrophys. 388 (2002) 676（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Astron. Astrophys. 398 (2003) 403（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Astrophys. J. 630 (2005) 1015（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） : Experimental searches for primordial black holes due to the emitted antimatter
A. Barrau & G. Boudoul, Review talk given at the International Conference on Theoretical Physics TH2002 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） : Cosmology with primordial black holes
A. Barrau & J. Grain, Phys. Lett. B 584 (2004) 114（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） : Searches for new physics (quantum gravity) with primordial black holes
P. Kanti, Int. J. Mod. Phys. A19 (2004) 4899 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） : Evaporating black holes and extra-dimensions

[1] Michael Kesden, Shravan Hanasoge, (Sept 2011) "Transient solar oscillations driven by primordial black holes", Physical Review Letters. http://arxiv.org/PS_cache/arxiv/pdf/1106/1106.0011v1.pdf

[2] Bird, Simeon. Viewpoint: Supernova Study Dampens Dark Matter Theory. Physics. APS Physics. 2018-10-01 [2018-10-02]. （原始内容存档于2019-05-14）. The finding fueled speculation that the LIGO-Virgo collaboration had detected primordial black holes

[3] Bird, Simeon; et al, Did LIGO Detect Dark Matter?, Physical Review Letters, 2016, 116 (20): 201301 [2018-10-02], doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.201301, （原始内容存档于2021-01-06）

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 == 参考文献 ==
 {{reflist}}
 {{Refbegin}}
-* S.W. Hawking, [http://inspirehep.net/record/101338 Commun.Math. Phys. 43 (1975) 199]: Original article proposing existence of radiation
+* S.W. Hawking, [http://inspirehep.net/record/101338 Commun.Math. Phys. 43 (1975) 199] {{Wayback|url=http://inspirehep.net/record/101338 |date=20171030084818 }}: Original article proposing existence of radiation
 * D. Page, [http://prola.aps.org/abstract/PRD/v13/i2/p198_1 Phys. Rev. D13 (1976) 198] : First detailed studies of the evaporation mechanism
-* B.J. Carr & S.W. Hawking, [http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?bibcode=1974MNRAS.168..399C  Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc 168 (1974) 399] : Describes links between primordial black holes and the early universe
+* B.J. Carr & S.W. Hawking, [http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?bibcode=1974MNRAS.168..399C  Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc 168 (1974) 399] {{Wayback|url=http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?bibcode=1974MNRAS.168..399C |date=20160613034655 }} : Describes links between primordial black holes and the early universe
-* A. Barrau et al., [http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0112486 Astron. Astrophys. 388 (2002) 676] {{Wayback|url=http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0112486 |date=20151105184710 }}, [http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0207395 Astron. Astrophys. 398 (2003) 403] {{Wayback|url=http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0207395 |date=20151105184710 }}, [http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0505436 Astrophys. J. 630 (2005) 1015] {{Wayback|url=http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0505436 |date=20161221031923 }} : Experimental searches for primordial black holes due to the emitted antimatter
+* A. Barrau et al., [http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0112486 Astron. Astrophys. 388 (2002) 676]{{Wayback|url=http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0112486 |date=20151105184710 }}, [http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0207395 Astron. Astrophys. 398 (2003) 403]{{Wayback|url=http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0207395 |date=20151105184710 }}, [http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0505436 Astrophys. J. 630 (2005) 1015]{{Wayback|url=http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0505436 |date=20161221031923 }} : Experimental searches for primordial black holes due to the emitted antimatter
-* A. Barrau & G. Boudoul, [http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0212225 Review talk given at the International Conference on Theoretical Physics TH2002] : Cosmology with primordial black holes
+* A. Barrau & G. Boudoul, [http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0212225 Review talk given at the International Conference on Theoretical Physics TH2002] {{Wayback|url=http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0212225 |date=20200801142605 }} : Cosmology with primordial black holes
-* A. Barrau & J. Grain, [http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-ph/0311238 Phys. Lett. B 584 (2004) 114] {{Wayback|url=http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-ph/0311238 |date=20161221085950 }} : Searches for new physics (quantum gravity) with primordial black holes
+* A. Barrau & J. Grain, [http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-ph/0311238 Phys. Lett. B 584 (2004) 114]{{Wayback|url=http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-ph/0311238 |date=20161221085950 }} : Searches for new physics (quantum gravity) with primordial black holes
-* P. Kanti, [http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-ph/0402168 Int. J. Mod. Phys. A19 (2004) 4899] : Evaporating black holes and extra-dimensions
+* P. Kanti, [http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-ph/0402168 Int. J. Mod. Phys. A19 (2004) 4899] {{Wayback|url=http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-ph/0402168 |date=20200801140339 }} : Evaporating black holes and extra-dimensions
 {{Refend}}
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