单倍群N-M231：修订间差异

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第53行： 第53行：
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|[[图瓦族]] 23.9% <ref name = "Derenko2005" >Miroslava Derenko et al. 2005, [http://www.zgms.cm.umk.pl/prace/591-604.pdf Contrasting patterns of Y-chromosome variation in South Siberian populations from Baikal and Altai-Sayan regions]</ref>
|[[图瓦族]] 23.9% <ref name = "Derenko2005" >Miroslava Derenko et al. 2005, [http://www.zgms.cm.umk.pl/prace/591-604.pdf Contrasting patterns of Y-chromosome variation in South Siberian populations from Baikal and Altai-Sayan regions]</ref>
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|北亞
⚫
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|北[[阿爾泰人]] 21.8% (18.0%<ref name="Kharkov2007">V. N. Kharkov, V. A. Stepanov, O. F. Medvedeva, M. G. Spiridonova, M. I. Voevoda, V. N. Tadinova, and V. P. Puzyrev, "Gene Pool Differences between Northern and Southern Altaians Inferred from the Data on Y-Chromosomal Haplogroups." ISSN 1022-7954, ''Russian Journal of Genetics'', 2007, Vol. 43, No. 5, pp. 551–562. DOI: 10.1134/S1022795407050110.</ref><ref name="Kharkov2012" />-24.6%<ref name="Dulik2012">Matthew C. Dulik, Sergey I. Zhadanov, Ludmila P. Osipova, ''et al.'', "Mitochondrial DNA and Y Chromosome Variation Provides Evidence for a Recent Common Ancestry between Native Americans and Indigenous Altaians." ''The American Journal of Human Genetics'' 90, 229–246, February 10, 2012. DOI 10.1016/j.ajhg.2011.12.014.</ref>)
|北亞
|北亞
|-
|-
第75行： 第72行：
|[[满族]] 14.3% {{harv|Xue|2006}}
|[[满族]] 14.3% {{harv|Xue|2006}}
|東亞
|東亞
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|-
|南[[阿爾泰人]] 11.5% <ref name = "Kharkov2007">{{cite journal | last1=Khar'kov | first1=VN | last2=Stepanov | first2=VA | last3=Medvedeva | first3=OF | last4=Spiridonova | first4=MG | last5=Voevoda | first5=MI | last6=Tadinova | first6=VN | last7=Puzyrev | first7=VP | title=Gene pool differences between Northern and Southern Altaians inferred from the data on Y-chromosomal haplogroups | journal=Genetika |volume= 43 | issue=5 | pages=675–87 | year=2007 |pmid=17633562 | doi=10.1134/S1022795407050110}}</ref>
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|北亞
|-
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|[[卡尔梅克人]] 10.4% <ref>{{Cite journal|title=Y-chromosome diversity in the Kalmyks at the ethnical and tribal levels|url=http://www.nature.com/articles/jhg2013108|last=Malyarchuk|first=Boris|last2=Derenko|first2=Miroslava|date=2013-12|journal=Journal of Human Genetics|issue=12|doi=10.1038/jhg.2013.108|volume=58|pages=804–811|language=en|issn=1434-5161|last3=Denisova|first3=Galina|last4=Khoyt|first4=Sanj|last5=Woźniak|first5=Marcin|last6=Grzybowski|first6=Tomasz|last7=Zakharov|first7=Ilya}}</ref>
|[[卡尔梅克人]] 10.4% <ref>{{Cite journal|title=Y-chromosome diversity in the Kalmyks at the ethnical and tribal levels|url=http://www.nature.com/articles/jhg2013108|last=Malyarchuk|first=Boris|last2=Derenko|first2=Miroslava|date=2013-12|journal=Journal of Human Genetics|issue=12|doi=10.1038/jhg.2013.108|volume=58|pages=804–811|language=en|issn=1434-5161|last3=Denisova|first3=Galina|last4=Khoyt|first4=Sanj|last5=Woźniak|first5=Marcin|last6=Grzybowski|first6=Tomasz|last7=Zakharov|first7=Ilya}}</ref>
|東歐
|東歐
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|北[[阿爾泰人]] 10.0% <ref name = "Kharkov2007">{{cite journal | last1=Khar'kov | first1=VN | last2=Stepanov | first2=VA | last3=Medvedeva | first3=OF | last4=Spiridonova | first4=MG | last5=Voevoda | first5=MI | last6=Tadinova | first6=VN | last7=Puzyrev | first7=VP | title=Gene pool differences between Northern and Southern Altaians inferred from the data on Y-chromosomal haplogroups | journal=Genetika |volume= 43 | issue=5 | pages=675–87 | year=2007 |pmid=17633562 | doi=10.1134/S1022795407050110}}</ref>
⚫
|北亞
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|[[汉族]] 9.0% {{harv|Karafet|2005}}
|[[汉族]] 9.0% {{harv|Karafet|2005}}
第87行： 第90行：
|[[达斡尔族]] 7.7% {{harv|Xue|2006}}
|[[达斡尔族]] 7.7% {{harv|Xue|2006}}
|东亚
|东亚
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|-
|南[[阿爾泰人]] 7.1% (4.2%<ref name="Dulik2012" />-9.7%<ref name="Kharkov2012" />)
⚫
|北亞
|-
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|[[鄂伦春族]] 6.5% {{harv|Xue|2006}}
|[[鄂伦春族]] 6.5% {{harv|Xue|2006}}

2021年9月4日 (六) 10:30的版本

单倍群N
起源时间约4万年前[1][2][3]
共祖年代21,700 [95% CI 19,500–23,900] ybp (YFull[1])

25,313 [95% CI 21,722-28,956] ybp[3]
起源地东亚[4][5]
上游单倍群NO
对应突变M231

单倍群N-M231是一个Y染色体DNA单倍群，与单倍群O共同源自单倍群NO，主要分布于欧亚大陆最北部的烏拉爾人、雅庫特人、尤卡吉尔人等，起源于东亚南部。[6][7]

分布表

民族的单倍群N比例 地区
涅涅茨人 97.3% [8] 北亞
恩加納桑人 92%-94.1% [9] 北亚
雅库特人 88.4% [8] 北亚
汉特人 64.3% [10]-80.6%[9] 北亚
科米人 33.3% [10]-79.5%[9], 東歐
芬兰人 63.2% [8] 北歐
科里亚克族 59.2% （Lell 2001） 北亞
萨米人47.2% [8] 北欧
愛沙尼亞人 40.6% [11] 東欧
尤卡吉尔人 31% [12] 北亚
拉脫維亞人30% （Karafet 2005） 東欧
立陶宛人 25% （Purps 2014） 東欧
铁列乌特人 25.0% [9] 北亞
图瓦族 23.9% [13] 北亞
布里亚特人 20.2% [13] 北亚
俄罗斯人 18.0% [11] 東欧
赫哲族 17.8% （Xue 2006） 東亞
锡伯族 17.1% [14] 東亞
瑞典人 14.4% [15] 北欧
满族 14.3% （Xue 2006） 東亞
南阿爾泰人 11.5% [16] 北亞
卡尔梅克人 10.4% [17] 東歐
北阿爾泰人 10.0% [16] 北亞
汉族 9.0% （Karafet 2005） 東亞
蒙古族 8.1% [18] 東亞
达斡尔族 7.7% （Xue 2006） 东亚
鄂伦春族 6.5% （Xue 2006） 東亞
伊朗人 6.1% [19] 西亞
烏爾奇人 5.8% [20] 北亞
藏族 5.65% [21] 東亞
朝鲜人 5.5% [22] 東亞
乌克兰人 5.4% [23] 东欧
哈萨克族 5.33% （Ashirbekov 2017） 中亞
维吾尔族 4.99% [24] 東亞
越南人 2.9% [25] 东南亚
挪威人 2.0% [26] 北欧
柯尔克孜族 1.9% [27] 中亚
日本人 1.3% [28] 東亞

起源

单倍群N约4万年前分化出来。[29][30]

单倍群N的历史迁移[6]

分布

单倍群N的子单倍群分布.[6] (A)N*M231，(B)N1*-LLY22g，(C)N1a-M128、(D)N1b-P43，(E)N1c-M46。

其他

人类Y染色体DNA单倍型类群进化树

Y染色体最近共同祖先
A
A1b A1a-T
A1a A2-T
A2 A3 BT
B CT
DE CF
D E C F
G H IJK
IJ K
I J LT K(xLT)
L T M NO P S
O N Q R

各族群Y染色体单倍型类群 · 著名的Y染色體單倍型類群人

参考文献

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 https://www.yfull.com/tree/N/.  外部链接存在于|title= (帮助)
  2. ^ G. David Poznik, Yali Xue, Fernando L. Mendez, et al. (2016), "Punctuated bursts in human male demography inferred from 1,244 worldwide Y-chromosome sequences." Nature Genetics 2016 June ; 48(6): 593–599. doi:10.1038/ng.3559.
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 Ilumäe, Anne-Mai; Reidla, Maere; Chukhryaeva, Marina; Järve, Mari; Post, Helen; Karmin, Monika; Saag, Lauri; Agdzhoyan, Anastasiya; Kushniarevich, Alena. Human Y Chromosome Haplogroup N: A Non-trivial Time-Resolved Phylogeography that Cuts across Language Families. American Journal of Human Genetics. 2016-07-07, 99 (1): 163–173. ISSN 0002-9297. PMC 5005449 可免费查阅. PMID 27392075. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2016.05.025. 
  4. ^ ISOGG 2018 Y-DNA Haplogroup N. isogg.org. [2020-01-15]. 
  5. ^ （Rootsi 2006）
  6. ^ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Shi, H; Qi, X; Zhong, H; Peng, Y; Zhang, X; et al. Genetic Evidence of an East Asian Origin and Paleolithic Northward Migration of Y-chromosome Haplogroup N. PLoS ONE. 2013, 8 (6): e66102. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...866102S. PMC 3688714 可免费查阅. PMID 23840409. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0066102. 
  7. ^ ISOGG 2018 Y-DNA Haplogroup N. isogg.org. [2020-01-15]. 
  8. ^ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 Tambets, Kristiina et al. 2004, The Western and Eastern Roots of the Saami—the Story of Genetic “Outliers” Told by Mitochondrial DNA and Y Chromosomes
  9. ^ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 Tatiana M. Karafet, Ludmila P. Osipova, Olga V. Savina, Brian Hallmark, and Michael F. Hammer, "Siberian genetic diversity reveals complex origins of the Samoyedic-speaking populations." American Journal of Human Biology 2018;e23194. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.23194. DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23194.
  10. ^ 10.0 10.1 KHARKOV, Vladimir Nikolaevich, "СТРУКТУРА И ФИЛОГЕОГРАФИЯ ГЕНОФОНДА КОРЕННОГО НАСЕЛЕНИЯ СИБИРИ ПО МАРКЕРАМ Y-ХРОМОСОМЫ," Genetika 03.02.07 and "АВТОРЕФЕРАТ диссертации на соискание учёной степени доктора биологических наук, Tomsk 2012 (PDF). [2020-01-15]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2020-12-17）. 
  11. ^ 11.0 11.1 Rosser ZH, Zerjal T, Hurles ME, Adojaan M, Alavantic D, Amorim A, et al. Y-chromosomal diversity in Europe is clinal and influenced primarily by geography, rather than by language. American Journal of Human Genetics. December 2000, 67 (6): 1526–43. PMC 1287948 可免费查阅. PMID 11078479. doi:10.1086/316890. 
  12. ^ Duggan AT, Whitten M, Wiebe V, Crawford M, Butthof A, et al. (2013) Investigating the Prehistory of Tungusic Peoples of Siberia and the Amur-Ussuri Region with Complete mtDNA Genome Sequences and Y-chromosomal Markers PLoS ONE 8(12): e83570. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0083570
  13. ^ 13.0 13.1 Miroslava Derenko et al. 2005, Contrasting patterns of Y-chromosome variation in South Siberian populations from Baikal and Altai-Sayan regions
  14. ^ Hua Zhong, Hong Shi, Xue-Bin Qi, Zi-Yuan Duan, Ping-Ping Tan, Li Jin, Bing Su, and Runlin Z. Ma (2011), "Extended Y Chromosome Investigation Suggests Postglacial Migrations of Modern Humans into East Asia via the Northern Route." Mol. Biol. Evol. 28(1):717–727. doi:10.1093/molbev/msq247
  15. ^ Lappalainen T, Laitinen V, Salmela E, Andersen P, Huoponen K, Savontaus ML, Lahermo P. Migration waves to the Baltic Sea region. Annals of Human Genetics. May 2008, 72 (Pt 3): 337–48. PMID 18294359. S2CID 32079904. doi:10.1111/j.1469-1809.2007.00429.x. 
  16. ^ 16.0 16.1 Khar'kov, VN; Stepanov, VA; Medvedeva, OF; Spiridonova, MG; Voevoda, MI; Tadinova, VN; Puzyrev, VP. Gene pool differences between Northern and Southern Altaians inferred from the data on Y-chromosomal haplogroups. Genetika. 2007, 43 (5): 675–87. PMID 17633562. doi:10.1134/S1022795407050110. 
  17. ^ Malyarchuk, Boris; Derenko, Miroslava; Denisova, Galina; Khoyt, Sanj; Woźniak, Marcin; Grzybowski, Tomasz; Zakharov, Ilya. Y-chromosome diversity in the Kalmyks at the ethnical and tribal levels. Journal of Human Genetics. 2013-12, 58 (12): 804–811. ISSN 1434-5161. doi:10.1038/jhg.2013.108 （英语）. 
  18. ^ Tatiana M. Karafet, Brian Hallmark, Murray P. Cox, Herawati Sudoyo, Sean Downey, J. Stephen Lansing, Michael F. Hammer, Major East–West Division Underlies Y Chromosome Stratification across Indonesia, Molecular Biology and Evolution, Volume 27, Issue 8, August 2010, Pages 1833–1844, https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msq063
  19. ^ Regueiro M, Cadenas A.M., Gayden T, Underhill P.A., Herrera R.J. Iran: Tricontinental Nexus for Y-Chromosome Driven Migration. www.karger.com. [2020-01-15]. （原始内容存档于2013-01-24）. 
  20. ^ E. V. Balanovska, Y. V. Bogunov, E. N. Kamenshikova, et al. (2018), "Demographic and Genetic Portraits of the Ulchi Population." Russian Journal of Genetics, 2018, Vol. 54, No. 10, pp. 1245–1253. ISSN 1022-7954.
  21. ^ Xuebin Qi, Chaoying Cui, Yi Peng, et al., "Genetic Evidence of Paleolithic Colonization and Neolithic Expansion of Modern Humans on the Tibetan Plateau." Mol. Biol. Evol. 30(8):1761–1778. doi:10.1093/molbev/mst093
  22. ^ Soon-Hee Kim 2011, High frequencies of Y-chromosome haplogroup O2b-SRY465 lineages in Korea: a genetic perspective on the peopling of Korea
  23. ^ Kushniarevich A, Utevska O, Chuhryaeva M, Agdzhoyan A, Dibirova K, Uktveryte I, et al. Genetic Heritage of the Balto-Slavic Speaking Populations: A Synthesis of Autosomal, Mitochondrial and Y-Chromosomal Data. PLOS ONE. 2015, 10 (9): e0135820. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1035820K. PMC 4558026 可免费查阅. PMID 26332464. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0135820. 
  24. ^ Lu Yan (2011), "Genetic Mixture of Populations in Western China." Shanghai: Fudan University, 2011: 1-84. (Doctoral dissertation in Chinese: 陆艳, “中国西部人群的遗传混合”, 上海：复旦大学，2011: 1-84.)
  25. ^ Karafet, T., Mendez, F., Sudoyo, H. et al. Improved phylogenetic resolution and rapid diversification of Y-chromosome haplogroup K-M526 in Southeast Asia. Eur J Hum Genet 23, 369–373 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1038/ejhg.2014.106
  26. ^ British Isles DNA Project. 
  27. ^ Wells, Spencer et al. 2001, The Eurasian Heartland: A continental perspective on Y-chromosome diversity
  28. ^ Youichi Sato et al. 2014, Overview of genetic variation in the Y chromosome of modern Japanese males J-STAGEトップ/Anthropological Science/122 巻 (2014) 3 号/書誌/全文 The Anthropological Society of Nippon
  29. ^ Ilumäe, Anne-Mai; Reidla, Maere; Chukhryaeva, Marina; Järve, Mari; Post, Helen; Karmin, Monika; Saag, Lauri; Agdzhoyan, Anastasiya; Kushniarevich, Alena. Human Y Chromosome Haplogroup N: A Non-trivial Time-Resolved Phylogeography that Cuts across Language Families. American Journal of Human Genetics. 2016-07-07, 99 (1): 163–173. ISSN 0002-9297. PMC 5005449 可免费查阅. PMID 27392075. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2016.05.025. 
  30. ^ https://www.yfull.com/tree/N/.  外部链接存在于|title= (帮助)
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