謝文奉

謝文奉（越南语：Tạ Văn Phụng／謝文奉，？—1865年），又名黎維奉（Lê Duy Phụng）、黎維明（Lê Duy Minh），越南阮朝嗣德年間民變首領。

出生在河內省壽昌縣的一個天主教徒家庭。曾跟隨傳教士去外國學道。後來法國、西班牙聯軍發動南圻遠征，法國傳教士Théophile Le Grand de la Liraye將其推薦給法軍主將夏爾·里戈·德·熱諾伊利，但熱諾伊利不喜歡他對皇位的覬覦。^[1]^[2]謝文奉於1861年跟隨法國萊昂納爾·沙內（英语：Léonard Charner）中將攻打廣南。同年臘月，他來到北圻，自稱是後黎朝皇族後裔黎維明，自稱盟主，起兵於廣安，獲得大量支持者。他與海外的客匪聯合攻取了海寧府，又與北圻各省的客匪，以及阮文盛、高伯适等民變軍隊互相呼應。1862年，謝文奉派兵協助阮文盛一起攻打諒江府、安勇縣，圍攻北寧省城。河內省布政使阮克述、山西省布政使黎裕、興安省副領兵武早帶領三省兵力前去解圍，經過十餘仗方才將民變軍擊退。

謝文奉圍攻海陽城甚急，嗣德帝派張國用為總統海安軍務大臣，同潘三省、鄧杏、黎春一起，帶領京兵以及清化、乂安兩省之兵前去鎮壓。又任命陶致為參贊大臣、阮伯儀為山興宣總督，協助張國用剿匪。在官軍的攻勢下，謝文奉被迫解圍。謝文奉向南圻的路易·阿道夫·波那（英语：Louis Adolphe Bonard）少將求援，希望法國協助他攻取北圻，並同意接受法國保護。但法國正與阮朝朝廷議和，沒有答應其請求。

謝文奉雖敗，但仍佔據廣安及附近海島，不時騷擾沿海各地。嗣德帝遣阮知方為總督海安軍務、張國用為協統，率軍討伐。謝文奉屢敗官軍，1864年擊殺張國用。1865年4月，謝文奉部眾再犯海陽，阮知方遣阮文偉大敗之。此後提督枚善、贊理鄧陳顓、督兵翁益謙屢破之，謝文奉退往海寧（今芒街市）。7月，鄧陳顓、翁益謙領兵出廣安，會同欽州的清朝士兵一起夾擊海寧城。謝文奉大敗，逃入海中。不久，在廣平、廣治一帶被擒，押往順化處死。

參考資料[编辑]

^ Mark W. McLeod The Vietnamese Response to French Intervention, 1862-1874 1991 Page 50 "Thanks to the intercession of Father Legrand de la Lyraye, Pierre Le Duy Phung was engaged (under the name of Ta Van Phung) ... Pierre Le Duy Phung's dynastic preoccupations were not appreciated by the French commander, Rigault de ..."
^ Oscar Chapuis The Last Emperors of Vietnam: From Tu Duc to Bao Dai - Page 49 2000 "A Catholic convert, Pedro Le Duy Phung,4 calling himself emperor of Tonkin, was claiming the Le succession. He began to rally support from both missionaries and Le partisans. Obviously, it was more than Tu Duc could handle at one time."

（简体中文）陳仲金. Việt Nam sử lược [《越南通史》（原文書名：《越南史略》）]. 戴可來譯. 北京: 商務印書館. 1992. ISBN 7-100-00454-3.

[1] Mark W. McLeod The Vietnamese Response to French Intervention, 1862-1874 1991 Page 50 "Thanks to the intercession of Father Legrand de la Lyraye, Pierre Le Duy Phung was engaged (under the name of Ta Van Phung) ... Pierre Le Duy Phung's dynastic preoccupations were not appreciated by the French commander, Rigault de ..."

[2] Oscar Chapuis The Last Emperors of Vietnam: From Tu Duc to Bao Dai - Page 49 2000 "A Catholic convert, Pedro Le Duy Phung,4 calling himself emperor of Tonkin, was claiming the Le succession. He began to rally support from both missionaries and Le partisans. Obviously, it was more than Tu Duc could handle at one time."

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