赫丘利

赫丘利; Hercules
	赫丘利与涅墨亚狮子; 彼得·保罗·鲁本斯作品
性别	男
配偶	朱文塔斯
父母	朱庇特和阿尔克墨涅
对应希腊神话的	赫拉克勒斯

在古罗马宗教和罗马神话中，赫丘利是一位英雄的神化，并纳入罗马的建国神话里面，之后罗马人将希腊神话中的海克力斯形象融入赫丘利，改编成自己的文学和艺术，但英雄相对具有罗马文化的特性。早在公元前6世纪和5世纪，一些希腊的资料源头表示一些海克利斯的故事如海克利斯的十二项功绩（英语：Labours of Hercules）和罗马是有所关联的。^[1]

哈利卡纳苏斯的戴欧尼修斯将赫丘利归为罗马荣誉的神之中：“他的灵魂死后必然离开身体，他已经升天并已获得等价的荣誉之神。”^[2]他的神化概念是由于其英雄形象而做为一个神化罗马国王的象征。^[3]

故事[编辑]

暴君皇帝康茂德将赫丘利作为自身的护卫，时常穿者赫丘利形象的衣服。在公元184年康茂德将一年的月份全部依自己的名子重新命名，其中包括“赫丘利月”此用分可能是古罗马的九月（英语：September_(Roman_month)）或十月（英语：September (Roman month)）^[4]这个新制度在192年的康茂德谋杀案之后也一同废除了。^[5]

罗马石棺（公元3世纪）描绘赫丘利的十二项功绩：猎取涅墨亚狮子、杀死勒耳那的水蛇、捉拿刻律涅亚山的赤牝鹿、捉拿厄律曼托斯山的野猪、清理奥革阿斯的牛圈、杀死斯廷法利斯湖怪鸟、捕捉克里特公牛、制服狄俄墨得斯牝马、夺取希波吕忒的腰带、牵走革律翁的牛群、摘取赫斯佩里得斯的金苹果、活捉刻耳柏洛斯

注释[编辑]

参考资料

^ T.P. Wiseman（英语：T.P. Wiseman）, Remus: A Roman Myth (Cambridge University Press, 1995), pp. 39, 41.
^ 哈利卡纳苏斯的戴欧尼修斯 7.72.13-14, In describing the images of deities displayed in the ceremonial procession at Rome known as the pompa circensis（英语：pompa circensis）, as cited by Jörg Rüpke（英语：Jörg Rüpke）, Religion in Republican Rome: Rationalization and Ritual Change (University of Pennsylvania Press, 2012, p. 41.
^ Peter Herz, "Emperors: Caring for the Empire and Their Successors," in A Companion to Roman Religion (Blackwell, 2007), p. 315.
^ 卡西乌斯·狄奥 72.15.3 has Herculeus as October: M.P. Speidel, "Commodus the God-Emperor and the Army," Journal of Roman Studies 83 (1993), p. 112; Robert Hannah, "The Emperor's Stars: The Conservatori Portrait of Commodus," American Journal of Archaeology 90.3 (1986), pp. 341–342. The 罗马帝王纪 is internally inconsistent, at one point identifying September as the month of Hercules, and at another October: Scriptores Historiae Augustae VII, as cited by A.W. van Buren, "Graffiti at Ostia," Classical Review 37 (1923), p. 163 (Commodus 11.8 in the citation of Hannah, "The Emperor's Stars", p. 341, note 23, and Historia Augusta, "Commodus" 11.13).
^ John R. Clarke, "The Decor of the House of Jupiter and Ganymede at Ostia Antica," in Roman Art in the Private Sphere: New Perspectives on the Architecture and Decor of the Domus, Villa, and Insula (University of Michigan Press, 1991, 1994), p. 92; John R. Clarke, The Houses of Roman Italy, 100 B.C.–A.D. 250: Ritual, Space, and Decoration (University of California Press, 1991), p. 322.

资料来源

Charlotte Coffin. "Hercules" （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） in Peyré, Yves (ed.) A Dictionary of Shakespeare's Classical Mythology (2009)
Bertematti, Richard (2014). "The Heracliad: The Epic Saga of Hercules" (Tridium Press). ISBN 0990302717

外部链接[编辑]

维基共享资源上的相关多媒体资源：赫丘利
维基文库中的相关文献：
- Hercules. The Nuttall Encyclopædia. 1907 （英语）.
- Beach, Chandler B. (编). Hercules. The New Student's Reference Work. Chicago: F. E. Compton and Co. 1914 （英语）.
- "Hercules and the Wagoner," byAesop
- "Hercules," from Heroes Every Child Should Know by Hamilton Wright Mabie（英语：Hamilton Wright Mabie）
Hercules discovery in Israel
Etruscan mirror illustrated Uni and Hercle
Hercle and Menerva on an Etruscan mirror from Città di Castello, c 300 B.C.: Badisches
The Apples of the Hesperides
Images of Hercules
Warburg Institute Iconographic Database (c. 2,500 images of Hercules)

[1] T.P. Wiseman（英语：T.P. Wiseman）, Remus: A Roman Myth (Cambridge University Press, 1995), pp. 39, 41.

[2] 哈利卡纳苏斯的戴欧尼修斯 7.72.13-14, In describing the images of deities displayed in the ceremonial procession at Rome known as the pompa circensis（英语：pompa circensis）, as cited by Jörg Rüpke（英语：Jörg Rüpke）, Religion in Republican Rome: Rationalization and Ritual Change (University of Pennsylvania Press, 2012, p. 41.

[3] Peter Herz, "Emperors: Caring for the Empire and Their Successors," in A Companion to Roman Religion (Blackwell, 2007), p. 315.

[4] 卡西乌斯·狄奥 72.15.3 has Herculeus as October: M.P. Speidel, "Commodus the God-Emperor and the Army," Journal of Roman Studies 83 (1993), p. 112; Robert Hannah, "The Emperor's Stars: The Conservatori Portrait of Commodus," American Journal of Archaeology 90.3 (1986), pp. 341–342. The 罗马帝王纪 is internally inconsistent, at one point identifying September as the month of Hercules, and at another October: Scriptores Historiae Augustae VII, as cited by A.W. van Buren, "Graffiti at Ostia," Classical Review 37 (1923), p. 163 (Commodus 11.8 in the citation of Hannah, "The Emperor's Stars", p. 341, note 23, and Historia Augusta, "Commodus" 11.13).

[5] John R. Clarke, "The Decor of the House of Jupiter and Ganymede at Ostia Antica," in Roman Art in the Private Sphere: New Perspectives on the Architecture and Decor of the Domus, Villa, and Insula (University of Michigan Press, 1991, 1994), p. 92; John R. Clarke, The Houses of Roman Italy, 100 B.C.–A.D. 250: Ritual, Space, and Decoration (University of California Press, 1991), p. 322.

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