俯衝侵蝕

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俯衝侵蝕(英語:subduction erosion),或構造侵蝕,是由於俯衝而造成上覆構造板塊上的地殼消失[1]。兩種類型的構造侵蝕:板塊前緣侵蝕和板塊地殼底部的基底侵蝕。基底侵蝕導致上覆板塊變薄[2]。前緣侵蝕可能導致連鎖效應的斷層活動和板塊邊緣傾斜,以填補被消耗地殼塊體留下的“缺口”[2]。 高速俯衝和低速沉積物供應到海溝一般被認為能增強俯衝侵蝕[1]

新元古代之前,由於收斂速率較高,俯衝侵蝕速率可能高於現在。藍片岩的稀缺似乎支持這種觀點。 然而,這種說法有不同的解釋,因為早期的大洋地殼比今天的地殼含有更多的鎂,因此藍片岩相會被綠片岩相石取代[3]

俯衝侵蝕引起的構造實例[编辑]

伸展構造:俯衝侵蝕被認為是智利北部的一種普遍現象,梅希约内斯半岛英语Mejillones Peninsula周圍的正斷層歸因於岩石圈消耗引起的伸展多米諾骨牌效應[2]

區域下沉和海侵:智利南部的中新世海侵被認為是由基底構造侵蝕引起的[4]。 但俯衝侵蝕不能解釋巴塔哥尼亞更內陸的中新世海侵[5]

岩漿帶遷移:與安第斯造山運動同時,智利的岩漿帶從晚白堊世開始向東遷移被認為是由俯衝侵蝕引起的[6]

參考文獻[编辑]

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 Stern, Charles R. (2011). "Subduction erosion: Rates, mechanisms, and its role in arc magmatism and the evolution of the continental crust and mantle". Gondwana Research. 20 (2–3): 284–308. Bibcode:2011GondR..20..284S. doi:10.1016/j.gr.2011.03.006.
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Niemeyer, Hans; González, Gabriel; Martínez-De Los Ríos, Edmundo (1996). "Evolución tectónica cenozoica del margen continental activo de Antofagasta, norte de Chile". Revista geológica de Chile (in Spanish). 23 (2): 165–186.
  3. ^ Palin, Richard M.; White, Richard W. (2016). "Emergence of blueschists on Earth linked to secular changes in oceanic crust composition". Nature Geoscience. 9 (1): 60–64. Bibcode:2016NatGe...9...60P. doi:10.1038/ngeo2605
  4. ^ Encinas, Alfonso; Finger, Kenneth L.; Buatois, Luis A.; Peterson, Dawn E. (2012). "Major forearc subsidence and deep-marine Miocene sedimentation in the present Coastal Cordillera and Longitudinal Depression of south-central Chile (38°30'S – 41°45'S)". Geological Society of America Bulletin. 124 (7–8): 1262– 1277. doi:10.1130/b30567.1. hdl:10533/135235
  5. ^ Encinas, Alfonso; Pérez, Felipe; Nielsen, Sven N.; Finger, Kenneth L.; Valencia, Victor; Duhart, Paul (2014). "Geochronologic and paleontologic evidence for a Pacific–Atlantic connection during the late Oligocene–early Miocene in the Patagonian Andes (43–44°S)". Journal of South American Earth Sciences. 55: 1–18. Bibcode:2014JSAES..55....1E. doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2014.06.008. hdl:10533/130517.
  6. ^ Charrier, Reynaldo; Pinto, Luisa; Rodríguez, María Pía (2006). "3. Tectonostratigraphic evolution of the Andean Orogen in Chile". In Moreno, Teresa; Gibbons, Wes (eds.). Geology of Chile. Geological Society of London. pp. 21, 45–46. ISBN 9781862392199.