翻车鲀属

翻车鲀属; 化石时期：中新世晚期至今 PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N
	翻车鲀（Mola mola）
保护状况
	CITES附录II （CITES）
科学分类
界：	动物界 Animalia
门：	脊索动物门 Chordata
纲：	辐鳍鱼綱 Actinopteri
目：	鲀形目 Tetraodontiformes
科：	翻車魨科 Molidae
属：	翻车鲀属 Mola; Kölreuter, 1766
異名
	Acanthosoma DeKay, 1842 ; Aledon Castelnau, 1861 ; Cephalus Shaw, 1804 ; Diplanchias Rafinesque, 1810 ; Molacanthus Swainson, 1839 ; Orthagoriscus Cuvier, 1816 ; Orthragoriscus Bloch & Schneider, 1801 ; Orthragus Rafinesque, 1810 ; Ozodura Ranzani, 1839 ; Pallasia Nardo, 1840 ; Pedalion Guilding, 1838 ; Pedalium Agassiz, 1846 ; Timpanomium Nardo, 1840 ; Trematopsis Ranzani, 1839 ; Tympanomium Ranzani, 1839;

翻车鲀属（学名：Mola），或叫翻车鱼属，是翻车鲀科的一个属。这种鱼之所以长成截短的子弹状形状，是因为它们生来就有的背鳍永远不会再长。相反，随着生物的成熟，它会折叠成自身，形成一个圆形的舵，称为鸡眼。Mola在拉丁语中的意思是“磨石”，描述了翻车鱼有点圆形的形状。它们呈银色，皮肤质地粗糙。

翻车鲀是所有硬骨鱼中最重的，大型标本垂直可达4.3米，水平可达3米，重量超过2700公斤。^[3]鲨鱼和鳐鱼可能更重，但它们是软骨鱼。

翻车鲀分布于世界各地的温带和热带海洋。人们经常看到它们在水面附近晒太阳，当它们巨大的背鳍露出水面时，它们经常被误认为是鲨鱼。它们的牙齿融合成喙状结构，它们无法完全合上相对较小的嘴巴。

海洋翻车鲀可能会感染皮肤寄生虫，因此翻车鲀经常会邀请小鱼甚至鸟类来享用它们。翻车鲀甚至会在空中突破水面3米，试图撼动寄生虫。

它们是笨拙的游泳者，摇摆着巨大的背鳍和臀鳍来移动，并用他们的鸡眼转向。它们的食物主要是水母，不过它们也会吃小鱼和大量的浮游动物和藻类。它们对人无害，但好奇心很强，经常接近潜水员。

它们的种群被认为是易受伤害的，^[4]因为它们经常被漂浮的流刺网缠住，并且可能因误食塑料袋（长得类似于水母）等海洋垃圾而窒息而死。

种[编辑]

该属目前有3个公认的物种：^[5]^[6]

拉氏翻車魨 Mola alexandrini (Giglioli, 1883)，又叫南方翻车鲀^[7]
翻车鲀 Mola mola (Linnaeus, 1758)，又叫翻车鱼、曼波鱼
拉氏翻車魨 Mola ramsayi (Giglioli, 1883)
迷惑翻车鲀 Mola tecta Nyegaard, Sawai, Gemmell, Gillum, Loneragan, Yamanoue & Stewart, 2017，又叫骗子翻车鲀、隐秘翻车鲀^[8]

归入本属的物种：

Orthragoriscus nasus Ranzani
Orthragus commersoni Rafinesque, 1810
Pallasia pallasi Nardo, 1840
Pedalion periridescens Wade, 1926

参考资料[编辑]

^ Sepkoski, J. A compendium of fossil marine animal genera. Bulletins of American Paleontology. 2002, 364: 560 [2023-04-02]. （原始内容存档于2011-07-23）.
^ Appendices | CITES. cites.org. [2022-01-14]. （原始内容存档于2007-02-03）.
^ 存档副本. [2023-04-02]. （原始内容存档于2022-10-23）.
^ National Geographic. National Geographic. [2023-01-13]. （原始内容存档于2023-09-23）（英语）.
^ Matsuura, K. Taxonomy and systematics of tetraodontiform fishes: a review focusing primarily on progress in the period from 1980 to 2014. Ichthyological Research. 2014, 62 (1): 72–113. doi:10.1007/s10228-014-0444-5 .
^ Nyegaard, Marianne; Sawai, Etsuro; Gemmell, Neil; Gillum, Joanne; Loneragan, Neil R.; Yamanoue, Yusuke; Stewart, Andrew L. Hiding in broad daylight: molecular and morphological data reveal a new ocean sunfish species (Tetraodontiformes: Molidae) that has eluded recognition. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 19 July 2017, 182 (3): 631–658. doi:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx040.
^ Etsuro Sawai, Yusuke Yamanoue, Marianne Nyegaard and Yoichi Sakai. 2017. Redescription of the Bump-head Sunfish Mola alexandrini (Ranzani 1839), senior synonym of Mola ramsayi (Giglioli 1883), with Designation of A Neotype for Mola mola (Linnaeus 1758) (Tetraodontiformes: Molidae). Ichthyological Research. DOI: 10.1007/s10228-017-0603-6
^ Marianne Nyegaard, Etsuro Sawai, Neil Gemmell, Joanne Gillum, Neil R. Loneragan, Yusuke Yamanoue and Andrew L. Stewart. 2017. Hiding in Broad Daylight: Molecular and Morphological Data Reveal A New Ocean Sunfish Species (Tetraodontiformes: Molidae) that has Eluded Recognition. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. XX, zlx040. DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx040

[1] Sepkoski, J. A compendium of fossil marine animal genera. Bulletins of American Paleontology. 2002, 364: 560 [2023-04-02]. （原始内容存档于2011-07-23）.

[2] Appendices | CITES. cites.org. [2022-01-14]. （原始内容存档于2007-02-03）.

[3] 存档副本. [2023-04-02]. （原始内容存档于2022-10-23）.

[4] National Geographic. National Geographic. [2023-01-13]. （原始内容存档于2023-09-23）（英语）.

[Matsuura2014-5] Matsuura, K. Taxonomy and systematics of tetraodontiform fishes: a review focusing primarily on progress in the period from 1980 to 2014. Ichthyological Research. 2014, 62 (1): 72–113. doi:10.1007/s10228-014-0444-5 .

[Nyegaard_et_al.,_2017-6] Nyegaard, Marianne; Sawai, Etsuro; Gemmell, Neil; Gillum, Joanne; Loneragan, Neil R.; Yamanoue, Yusuke; Stewart, Andrew L. Hiding in broad daylight: molecular and morphological data reveal a new ocean sunfish species (Tetraodontiformes: Molidae) that has eluded recognition. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 19 July 2017, 182 (3): 631–658. doi:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx040.

[7] Etsuro Sawai, Yusuke Yamanoue, Marianne Nyegaard and Yoichi Sakai. 2017. Redescription of the Bump-head Sunfish Mola alexandrini (Ranzani 1839), senior synonym of Mola ramsayi (Giglioli 1883), with Designation of A Neotype for Mola mola (Linnaeus 1758) (Tetraodontiformes: Molidae). Ichthyological Research. DOI: 10.1007/s10228-017-0603-6

[8] Marianne Nyegaard, Etsuro Sawai, Neil Gemmell, Joanne Gillum, Neil R. Loneragan, Yusuke Yamanoue and Andrew L. Stewart. 2017. Hiding in Broad Daylight: Molecular and Morphological Data Reveal A New Ocean Sunfish Species (Tetraodontiformes: Molidae) that has Eluded Recognition. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. XX, zlx040. DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx040

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